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Shaped administration by advocating ethical leadership and merit-based governance.

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Sócrates of Athens (470 a.C. - 399 a.C.)

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Sócrates of Athens (470 a.C. - 399 a.C.)

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known for his contributions to ethics, epistemology, and logic.​

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He was a student of Socrates and the teacher of Aristotle.​

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Considered the author of a philosophical and scientific system which became the vehicle and framework for Christian Scholasticism and medieval Islamic philosophy. ​

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He is considered the main representative of scholastic teaching and one of the major figures of systematic theology.​

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Was an Italian diplomat, civil servant, political philosopher and writer, considered the father of modern Political Science.

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He was an English philosopher and physician, commonly known as the "father of liberalism". ​

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He made contributions to political theory and administration by developing his theory of social contract which posits that political authority emanates from the consent of the governed.​

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Was a British political economist, politician, and member of the Parliament of Great Britain and Ireland. ​

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Karl Marx was a German-born philosopher, economist, political theorist, historian, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist.

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He is renowned for developing the classical theory of administration, often referred to as fayolism.​

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Frederick Winslow Taylor​ (1856 d.C. - 1915 d.C.)

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Frederick Winslow Taylor​ (1856 d.C. - 1915 d.C.)

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Time and motion studies, worker selection, work methods, incentives, specialization and training.​

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Contributed with her theory of administration that establishes people as the most important pieces of an organization above tasks or material goods

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 Lilian Moller Gilberth ​(1878 d.C. - 1972 d.C.)

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 Lilian Moller Gilberth ​(1878 d.C. - 1972 d.C.)

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Lillian produced a great innovation by recommending the consideration of the “human factor” in work methods.​

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Theory Z

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His paper, “A Theory of Human Motivation”, analyzed the relationship between humans organization (“human needs”).​

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Frederick Herzberg theorized that employee satisfaction has two dimensions: “hygiene” and motivation. Hygiene issues, such as salary and supervision, decrease employees' dissatisfaction with the work environment. Motivators, such as recognition and achievement, make workers more productive, creative and committed.