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My name is Jaime Rivas and I come from Chile. Two years ago I arrived in this wonderful country to study Supply Chain and Operations and without a doubt starting this adventure was the best decision I made in my life. I went to university in Santiago Chile where I graduated with a bachelor's degree in business administration with a minor in finance. Then I worked as a supply chain assistant in a food factory where I was in charge of data analysis, inventory management and analysis of transportation routes. Everything in my life was going well, I had a job, I had finished university and I was growing professionally. But deep down I felt that I needed to learn more about Supply Chain, I didn't want to stay as an assistant for several years, I wanted to improve myself and continue learning more about the subject. That is why I started looking for programs in Supply Chain and after finding several options and analyzing all the variables, I decided that a great option was to go study to Canada.

  At first it seemed like a gigantic challenge because I considered learning a new language, practically starting over, but quickly that adventure became my number one dream. So I started working to achieve that dream. I have been living in Canada for two years and and without a doubt it was the best decision I made in my life. These two years changed my life, I met the love of my life, I was able to do my co-op and now I work for that company, my studies are on the right track. I am just grateful for all the opportunities that life and Canada gave me and for having set me on this beautiful adventure.

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Module 1 --   About me and my adventure in Canada.                              

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Module 1 --   About me and my adventure in Canada.                              

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Module 1 - Introduction Public Supply Chain Management .

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Module 1 - Introduction Public Supply Chain Management .

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Module Learning Outcomes

Upon completion of this module the learner will have demonstrated the ability to:

Define public supply chain management (public procurement)

Identify the differences between public procurement and private sector supply chain management

Recall the goals of public procurement

Explain what open, fair, and transparent public procurement means

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•What are the public agencies?

A public agency is a government organization established and funded by the government to perform functions or services for the public. They are created to serve the public interest and their main objective is to provide services for society.

Examples are: Police, firefighters, hospitals, Social services, Education, etc.

In Canada these public agencies can be municipal, Provincial and Federal.

•Examine the purchasing requirements and responsibilities of public agencies.

Agencies have specific purchasing requirements and responsibilities. One of the key responsibilities is to inspect materials, verify that services are implemented. These requirements are very important to maintain transparency in accountability and ensure that public funds are used appropriately.

•What is cooperative purchasing? It is a strategy in which multiple agencies come together to make joint purchases. With the aim of obtaining economic and operational benefits.

•What are the types of cooperative purchasing? Combined purchases, joint purchases, consortium purchases and formal cooperative purchases

•The Benefits of Cooperative purchasing are: Reduced workload, Achieving greater value, Ability to access/provide expertise, Political stimulus, Networking, Greater professionalism and Greater strength in resolving disputes.

•What are the challenges of cooperative purchasing? Engagement, workload, knowledge base could be with another agency, call on agency resources, impact on suppliers, support, standardization, schedules and scheduling of work between agencies.

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The group was formed by Yana, Mohammad, Raghumandan and me. In the video I will explain more about the process.

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Module 2 - Presentation and research Public Agency.

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Module 2 - Presentation and research Public Agency.

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Module 3 Broader Public Sector Procurement Directive (BPS)

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Module 3 Broader Public Sector Procurement Directive (BPS)

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Module Learning Outcomes

Upon completion of this module the learner will have demonstrated the ability to:

Describe what the Broader Public Sector Procurement Directive is

Identify which agencies are part of the Broader Public Sector

Explain what a trade agreement is

Discuss when trade agreements are used in public procurement

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What is risk management?

It is an approach to identify, prevent and reduce any type of risk. Risk management involves the technical and strategic tools to recognize, identify and classify all types of risk.

Risk avoidance: It is a method to prevent an event from happening. This strategy involves strategic thinking and involves all levels of an organization. To implement this strategy it is important to ask questions about the project to understand what risks are present.

transferring risk: This method is based on contractually transferring the risk. Insurance and promises are often used to protect the agency. The cost of the damage is passed on to an insurance provider or finance company.

Risk management: This method is carried out when the risk is considered manageable. It implies that an agency effectively manages a project.

Corporate risk management: Corporate risk management is divided into 6 components. Leadership vision and commitment, applicable policies and procedures, continuous training, public promotion, effective contract and contractor management.

Insurance and Bonding:

Insurance: Comprehensive General Liability, Automobiles, Umbrellas, Professional Liability, Environmental Deterioration

Bonds: execution, offer, labor and materials, loss recovery

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The two sections of Public Sector met in D1060 so that the London City representatives introduced us to the Silex project.

They explained the case to us.

London City has 5 warehouses where all the purchases that the city of London makes arrive. These parts are stored in different warehouses. They are having problems with inventory tracking because many of the inventory processes are manual which is causing human problems when entering data into the software. For this the City of London asked us to develop a proposal using barcoding system.

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What is common law?

It is based on the decisions made by the judges and panel of judges. It is based on previous decisions, which is called precedent. For example, many decisions refer to previous decisions.

What is agency law?

The law of agency governs the relationship between two parties, one of those parties has the authority to act on your behalf. Also, agency law says that an agent (an employee) is authorized to act on behalf of the principal (employers) to create a relationship with a third party (supplier).

Law of agency relationships:

The relationship is governed by an agreement where it is determined.

1. When an agent can sign

2. Conditions

3. Limitations

4. Rights

5. Obligations

What are the duties of the agent?

The agent has the following duties:

1. Duty to perform

2. Duty of obedience

3. Duty of diligence and skill

4. Duty of personal performance

5. Duty to respect the title of the principal

6. Duty of accountability

7. Duty of fidelity

What are the duties of the principal?

The duties of the main son:

1. Pay the third party

2. Remunerate the agent for services.

3. The principal must execute the agreements that the agent entered into while acting as an agent.

4. An agreement with a supplier cannot be terminated if the agent resigns

When can a procurement professional be responsible?

A procurement professional may be held personally liable if:

1. Exceed the authority of the agency agreement

2. if the agent decides not to follow the policy and procedures identified by the agency.

3. Agent involved in negligent or fraudulent activities.

4. The agent must inform the third party that he is acting as agent of the principal, he must indicate his title when signing purchase orders on behalf of the agency.

What is Contract Law?

It is an agreement by the public agency to purchase goods or services from a supplier.

For a contract to be binding it must contain 6 requirements.

1. Intention

2. Offer and acceptance

3. Legal Fines

4. Persons within legal capacity.

When is a contract formed?

1. When bidders offer security in the offer

2. Restrictions on the bidder's ability to change the proposal after the submission deadline

3. The fully formed contract is attached to the procurement documents

4. Fixed and non-negotiable price.

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Module 6 - How a public agency obtains goods and services.

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Module 6 - How a public agency obtains goods and services.

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What are the objectives of public procurement?

The objective of public procurement is to obtain goods and services in a timely manner to satisfy the needs of its customers.

What is Integrity in public procurement?

1. Open: Offers are published publicly to allow competition.

2. Fair: Any bidder who is qualified has the opportunity to bid, with the same information and even reasons for competition.

3. Transparent: Processes are handled transparently to eliminate injustice.

What is competitive bidding?

Competitive bidding is a formal process used to request products/services that an agency needs.

It is used in public procurement as it allows for fair and transparent competition.

Competitive bidding - RFI

Formal process for collecting information about potential suppliers, goods or services.

Characteristics:

1. No prices

2. Non-binding

Tender documents – REOI or RFEI

It is used to evaluate suppliers' interest in a project/availability of goods or services and to request information from suppliers.

Characteristics:

1. It can be a formal invitation to invite suppliers to submit proposals.

2. Non-binding

Bidding documents – RFPQ

It is the first stage of a multi-stage process.

1. Responses received by interested suppliers and then evaluated according to prequalification criteria.

2. Second stage is open to respondents who were considered prequalified

Tender documents – RFQ

Formal invitation for companies to submit prices for identified goods or services.

Characteristics:

1. Based on price, the lowest price wins

2. Companies must be deemed qualified to provide the goods or services before they can be awarded.

Tender documents – RFT

Formal invitation for companies to submit prices for identified goods or services

Characteristics

1. Based on price, the lowest price wins

2. Companies must be deemed qualified to provide the goods or services before they can be awarded.

3. It is often broader in scope than a request for quote.

4. Often used for construction projects.

Tender documents – RFP

Formal invitation for companies to submit a response to an agency request

Characteristics:

1. Used when the agency requirement is general rather than specific, often complex.

2. Proposal presentations will often explain how the company will complete the work.

3. The price influences, but the methodology is valued more

4. It involves the evaluation of the responses to the proposal.

What are the Tools in public tender?

1. Closing time and date

2. Sealed shipments

3. two envelopes

4. Declaration of conflict of interest

5. Qualifications (Prequalifications)

6. Agency rights reserved

7. Securities (bond or offer bond)

8. Disqualification

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Module 7 was the midtern in group. The Midterm was divided into two parts.

First, each person in the group had to develop their own report. Then in class we had to develop the report as a group. We carry out our report in the following way. First we identify the Immediate Issue and Other Issues. Then, we did the external and internal analysis of the situation. Then we chose three alternatives. Then we decide the best alternative with the decision criteria. Then we deliver recommendations and finally we deliver an implementation plan. My group with which I did the Midterm was very good and we managed to communicate and work very well. Each person had carried out their analysis very similar to mine.

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What does public procurement buy?

•Products: Goods and Capital Goods

•Services: Consulting and experts in the field.

•Construction

What are requisitions for?

1. It is part of the process in many public agencies.

2. It is a formal request

3. document completed by the internal customer indicating the need for a purchase often includes department information, budgets, employee contacts, schedules, and approval signatures.

4. must be completed in full with approval and budget

5. Request sent to Contracting to obtain a resource to start the project

What are the specifications for?

1. Used to describe the physical/functional/performance characteristics of a good or service that is needed.

2. Communicate to the public what the Agency needs

3. The starting point for the construction of a document.

4. The internal customer's initial request may include specifications of what procurement support is necessary or may be required.

Types of specifications

There are several types of specifications such as:

•Design

• Performance

• Combination of design and performance

• Brand names

• Industry accepted standards

• Qualified products

• Regulatory products

• Patented products

• Market grade

What are the areas of work?

Describe what is needed, focusing on the service part of the purchase.

It is used for projects and is used when there are no firm technical specifications.

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What is Qualified Suppliers?

To provide goods or services, a supplier must meet the identified requirements. Also, competitive bidding documents will indicate what a supplier needs to complete the purchase. The supplier indicates that it can meet the requirements. This means that the supplier can provide the goods or services as directed by the agency.

What is Unqualified Suppliers?

A supplier who claims they can provide the goods or services as stated in the competitive document, or one who misrepresents their information, may be deemed unqualified and eliminated from the process, even if they are the lowest bidder.

Qualifying offers

Suppliers can also be disqualified for “qualifying their bid,” which means that they do not exactly meet what is requested in the document.

Evaluation criteria

When price is not the determining factor, agencies will identify the criteria they use to determine their award. The evaluation criteria are unique for each area of work. Proposers will use this information to determine what to include in their response to the agency's competitive request.

Specific requirements

In addition to showing how responses will be evaluated, agencies will provide specific information about what they require proponents to submit.

Agencies need to identify minimum and mandatory requirements. Mandatory requirements may result in disqualification if the Proposer does not comply with what has been identified.

Evaluating the answers

Competitive processes that require evaluations need evaluation teams. The general rule is 3 to 5 members with purchasing-related knowledge; It is not advisable to under- or over-evaluate and it is definitely not advisable to include someone who is not related to or familiar with the process.

Evaluation team rules

The rules are:

1. They cannot talk to the proposers/offers

2. They cannot speak with other members of the evaluation team from the time they receive the answers until the evaluation meeting.

3. Procurement leads the meeting, asks questions, takes notes, facilitates the process, and advocates for fairness.

4. All evaluators must read all presentations and complete a scorecard created from the evaluation criteria before the meeting.

5. Evaluators cannot investigate companies

Evaluation meeting

During the evaluation meeting all members of the evaluation team have the opportunity to share their opinions on the presentations and ask each other for clarification. These meetings typically last over an hour and are an opportunity for procurement to facilitate the conversation. The procurement representative compiles the evaluations and a short list is made or a decision is made on a successful proponent if it can be done immediately.

After the evaluation meeting

Some projects will require additional information from the proponents or the negotiation. Following the meeting, there may be further meetings led by Procurement until a formal award can be made.

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Ethics in public procurement

While there is no agreement on what is or is not ethical behavior, public procurement uses the pillars of openness, fairness and transparency to guide many of the decisions made.

What is unethical behavior in Public Procurement:

1. Personal purchases: purchase of goods or services for personal use through commercial contracts

2. Accept favors from suppliers.

3. Accept gifts and favors from suppliers

4. Sharp practices

5. cheat or mislead suppliers

6. Reciprocity

7. Give preferential treatment to suppliers who are also clients.

Gifts: Many public agencies cannot accept gifts, while some will be allowed to accept gifts of low monetary value.

Ethical issues in public procurement:

The main problems are:

1. Scandal

2. Fraud

3. Misuse of public funds

4. Pattern

5. Corruption

6. Bribery

7. Local preferences

8. Bid rigging

9. Collusion

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In this module we work as a group to finish our Silex project correctly. With the group we used this day to design our presentation and finish some points that we were missing such as recommendations and conclusions. This day was very productive as a group because we managed to make a lot of progress. Also in this module we were able to demonstrate group work and show our progress to the Professor Sarah so that she could give us feedback.

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My group consisted of: Yana Sokolov, Bianca Aline Soares Vaz, Jordene Graham.

The Silex presentation began with the introduction about our project.

Yana then began to talk about the introduction of the project and talked about the benefits of implementing a barcode system.

Then I talked about the alternatives that exist on the market. And about its benefits and disadvantages.

Then Jordene talked about the decision criteria, here she talked about what the selection criteria were and then she talked about the best option that fits the needs of the city of London.

Bianca then talked about the recommendations and conclusions that we think could solve the problem that the City of London is having.

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The different contracts are:

1.Purchase order

2.Blanket purchase order

3. Service level agreements

4. Master service agreements

Supplier performance measuring

The procurement department can measure anything that is important to your purchase, including:

1. Quality

2. Delivery

3. Cost

4. continuous improvement

5. communication

Informal evaluation can include: feedback from internal customers and discussion with executive on an annual basis

Formal evaluation can include: categorical evaluations, weighted point evaluations, cost and based evaluations

Supplier performance: Supplier evaluation can help an agency determine how a supplier performs. High, Development and Unacceptable.

Supplier debriefs: A debrief is a meeting that takes place after the project has been awarded. Suppliers, successful or unsuccessful, are invited to meet with the procurement representative to discuss strengths and areas of improvement related to their competitive presentation. The reports are intended to help the supplier create better presentations in the future.

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Unfortunately the Guest speaker was canceled for two reasons.

1. The guest had family problems and had to cancel the meeting.

2. Many of us had our negotiation demostration at the same time as the event.

For these reasons the event was canceled and we were not able to listen to a talk that would have closed the class in the best way.

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Fortunately our group was selected to present our proposal to the representatives of London City. This experience was unique and very satisfying because we presented in front of several professors, dean of business and representatives of London City. All these people were able to see our work and our ideas to solve the problem that the city of London has. I was left with the feeling that we did a good job as a group and that we managed to resolve the doubts that the representatives had. I also felt that the teachers were left with a good feeling when they saw our presentation and saw our effort in class.

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In this last class we did a general review of all the modules. We reviewed each module and reviewed the most important points. We did this review with questions, participating and making groups. Finally, came the farewell to the Public Sector class and the farewell to Professor Sarah who accompanied me throughout this trip. Thank you very much, Professor Sarah, for all your support, for always understanding that English is not our first language, for your patience and for your way of teaching that is so modern. I hope we see each other again in the future. I wish you the best of success in your work and personal life.