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The Dred Scott case was about fugitive slave laws, and whether or not slave owners could capture runaway slaves in states where slavery was illegal. It was ruled that slaveowners could, which effectively legalized slavery everywhere, as escaped slaves were still considered slaves everywhere.

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The 13th amendment abolished slavery in the US. This overturned the Dred Scott Precedent, as the entire dred scott decision was based off slavery, so the precedent was thrown out.

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The 14th amendment established the equal protection clause. This clause would be used to justify all future civil rights action. This action included the the good ones, and the bad ones, such as Plessy v Ferguson.

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The 15th amendment was a monumental amendment for voting rights. This extended the right to vote to African American men, which made an improvement to civil rights.

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Jim Crow laws were a series of discriminitory laws that were enacted in the post civil war south to further discriminate against African American people. While these laws were discriminatory, they wouldn't be considered unconstitutional unless the supreme court agreed that they violated the equal protection clause, which wouldn't be the case until Brown v Board of Education.

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The Plessy v Ferguson case legalized discrimination, as it was ruled that schools could be seperate, but equal, which wasn't actually the case in reality. This led to the legalization of discrimination, affirming the existing Jim Crow laws, and even furthering them.

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De Jure discrimination was the period between Plessy v Ferguson and Brown v Board where discrimination was legalized against African Americans, among other races. This period was constitutional due to the supreme court's interpretation of the equal protection clause.

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The 19th amendment gave women the right to vote. This extended civil rights, as it gave women more agency to protect themselves against discrimination in the legislature.

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This executive order led to the creation of the Japanese internment camps. While it was never ruled unconstitutional at the time, it would have likely violated the equal protection clause, among many others. 

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US v Korematsu ruled that the japanese internment camps were constitutional on the basis of the US being at war, and the risk of espionage posed by Japanese population in the US at the time. In 2018, this ruling was overturned, but this was way too late.

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Brown v Board overturned the precedent set in Plessy v Ferguson, ruling that schools were not equal when they were separated. This led to the eventual desegregation of schools in the US, leading to the Central High 9 in Little Rock

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While discrimination was now considered illegal, many Jim Crow laws still persisted in many states. This discrimination, while not legal, still existed in the reality of the situation. While it can reasonably be argued that it ended with the passage of the civil rights act, some could argue that it still persists to this day.

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The Little Rock 9 occurred after Brown v Board in Arkansas. The Governor of Arkansas used the national guard to try to prevent the african american students from going to the white school. Dwight Eisenhower then took over the national guard to prevent them from stopping the kids.

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The introduction of affirmative action was justified using the Equal Protection Clause. This decision was very controversial, and would lead to numerous supreme court cases regarding it.

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The civil rights act caused Jim Crow laws to be considered null and void. In the eyes of many, this was considered to be the end of discrmination, at least legislatively, in America

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The Voting Rights Act of 1965 ended nearly all forms oof voter supression. This included poll taxes, literacy tests, and voter intimidation.

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The Roe v Wade decision led to the legalization of abortion nationwide. This decision was taken from the 4th amendment's right to privacy, and would also serve as the basis for similar right to privacy decisions, such as gay marriage

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Bakke v California was a case regarding the use of racial quotas in college admissions. The court ruled that colleges can't use racial quotas within their college admissions.

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Bakke v University of California Regents (1978)

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Bakke v University of California Regents (1978)

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The Americans with Disabilities Act was signed in 1990, and required that all building made themselves handicap accessible. Not only this, but it requires all streets to be wheelchair accessible, and made requirements for bathrooms, hotels, and doors to accommadate people with disabilities.

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Obergefell v Hodges legalized same sex marriage. This was based off similar reasoning used in Roe, the right to privacy. In this case, referencing the right to privacy of marriage.

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Dobbs v Jackson overturned the precedent set in Roe v Wade, turning the decision on abortion back to the state. This also reduced the strength of the privacy clause in the 4th amendment, potentially weakening other precedent based off that amendment.

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Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Org. (2022)

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Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Org. (2022)