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“Doctor Gordon was fitting two metal plates on either side of [Esther’s] head. He buckled them into place with a strap that dented [Esther’s] forehead, and he gave [her] a wire to bite. … Then something bent down and took hold of [her] and shook [her] like the end of the world. Whee-ee-ee-ee-ee, it shrilled, through an air crackling with blue light, and with each flash a great jolt drubbed [Esther] till [she] thought [her] bones would break and the sap fly out of [her] like a split plant” (Plath 143).
#BadTherapy

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“When [Esther] enrolled [her]self in the main building of the hospital, a slim young woman had come and introduced herself. ‘My name is Doctor Nolan. I am to be Esther’s doctor.’ [Esther] was surprised to have a woman. [She] didn’t think they had woman psychiatrists.” (Plath 186)
#Feminism

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Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is most often used in modern day to treat Clinical Depression and Bipolar Disorder. It is often administered in low dose while the patient is under general anesthesia to induce a brief seizure to cause a change in brain chemistry. This can quickly alleviate the symptoms of depression and has been used very effectively in modern times.

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Mary Whiton Caulkins was a Psychologist who worked with other very famous male psychologists, such as William James who wrote the first psychological textbook, and eventually rose to become the first female president of the American Psychological Association.

Along with this, she published over a hundred research papers on psychology and heavily focused on Self-psychology, or improving the self in everyday life

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Mary Ainsworth was the creator of the “Strange Situation” experiment, performed in the 1970’s to examine the different types of attachment styles found in children. Her work helped psychologists and parents alike to figure out if the child they were working with had a Secure, Avoidant, or an Anxious-ambivalent attachment style, which could help with how best to connect with the child.

Her work also had implications on adults as well. Her theory helped to generate the idea that attachment styles may influence an adult’s romantic life as well, with Secure attachment styles pursuing a long-lasting, committed relationship while Avoidant styles often have on-again, off-again relationships and find new partners often.

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“Miss Huey began to talk in a low, soothing voice, smoothing the salve on my temples and fitting the small electric buttons on either side of [Esther’s] head. ‘You’ll be perfectly all right, you won’t feel a thing, just bite down…’ And she set something on [Esther’s] tongue and in a panic [Esther] bit down, and darkness wiped [her] out like chalk on a blackboard” (Plath 214).
#GoodTherapy

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How They Raised Girls To Be Women In The 1950s

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#1950s #girlzllwomen

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How They Raised Girls To Be Women In The 1950s

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This graph shows how Americans believe that people with mental health problems are horrible and so often times, Americans avoid people with mental health problems.

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Perceptions of individuals with mental illness as dangerous have increased over time. Among adults who associated mental illness with psychosis, the odds of describing a person with mental illness as violent in 1996 were 2.3 times the odds of describing a person with mental illness as violent in 1950

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“These girls looked awfully bored to [her]. [Esther] saw them on the sunroof, yawning and painting their nails and trying to keep up with their Bermuda tans, and they seemed bored as hell. [Esther] talked with one of them, and she was bored with yachts and bored with flying around on airplanes and bored with skiing in Switzerland at Christmas and bored with the men in Brazil. Girls like that make [her] sick” (Plath 4).
#Pretentious

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“Some attitudes have gotten worse over time: For instance, people are twice as likely today than they were in 1950 to believe that mentally ill people tend to be violent.

Of course, the vast majority of people with mental illness are not violent—though they are 2.5 times more likely to be victims of violence than members of the general population.”
#FalseAssumptions

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Melanie Klein was a psychologist who developed “play therapy”, a way to get a look into the inside of a child’s mind when they couldn’t grasp the idea of more complex psychological concepts.

Melanie had many disagreements with Anna Freud, who believed that small children could not be psychoanalyzed until they were much older since their personalities have not fully formed yet.

Her research is still used today to help diagnose small children with issues and connect to them on a deeper level.

#thegirlsarefightinggggg #womeninstem

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“The woman looked at [Esther] and giggled. ‘Why are you here?’ She didn’t wait for an answer. ‘I’m here on account of my…mother-in-law.’ She giggled again. ‘…[W]hen she came, my tongue stuck out…I couldn’t stop it. They ran me into emergency and then they put me up here,’ she lowered her voice, ‘along with the nuts.’ Then she said, ‘What’s the matter with you?’
[Esther] turned [the woman her] full face, with the bulging purple and green eye. ‘I tried to kill myself.’
The woman stared at [Esther]. Then, hastily, she snatched up a movie magazine from her bed table and pretended to be reading.” (Plath 176)

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Jackie Bouvier was a very ambitious woman who appreciated education and art. She did not feel the need to get married, but her mother pushed her to meet many men so she could get married. After spending a semester of college in Paris, France, she came back to the US with a better idea of who she was. She won a writing competition sponsored by Vogue magazine. Soon after, Bouvier moved to Washington D.C., where she met senator John F Kennedy. They eventually got married and Bouvier became a very admired woman when she became the nation’s First Lady.

#winning #selfdiscovery

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Karen Horney was a neo-Freudian who rejected the Oedipus complex by saying that it could be better explained by one’s culture and community. She also believed that the development of neurosis stemmed from isolation as a child. Because of this isolation, children begin to have anxieties that could turn into a personality disorder.

#yes!!! #anti-sigmund #keeptheFreud #ditchthesigmund

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Jade Snow Wong was born into a Chinese American family and she had six other siblings. When her brother asked to go to college, her father immediately approved it. When Jade asked the same, her father refused to allow her to go college, saying that her job was to get married and have children. She said in a quote, “‘I can’t help being born a girl. Perhaps I have a right to want more than sons. I am a person, besides being female!’” (Gourley 28). Despite her father’s objections, Jade went to college and became an author and ceramic artist.

#breakingthemold #feminism #selfadvocacy

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During the 1950s, anxiety was much more of a common diagnosis than depression, what with WWl ending in the years prior and future war on everyone’s mind. Because of this, research on anxiety was much more developed than that of depression.

Depression was actually a very rare diagnosis in the 1950s, and often depressed patients would simply be sent in their way with a suggestion to simply have a better mindset about life, or be locked up in a mental institution. Depression was very feared in the 50s, as opposed to how it is now where about a third of Americans today struggle with depression.

#changeovertime #postwaranxieties

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“Plath's novel serves as an important reminder that our stigmatised psychiatric wards, sometimes places of misery and tragedy, can also nurture momentous personal change and a new beginning.”

This journal gives a brief summary of the themes in Plath’s novel and about the stigmas she perpetrates. She is able to break many of the stigmas of mental hospitals being a terrible place full of fear and abuse. She does portray this, yes, in Doctor Gordon’s hospital, however she does also rectify this in Doctor Nolan’s mental hospital in which she is treated with kindness and understanding, able to truly heal and go about her life at the end of the novel, should she pass the doctor’s test.

#passingthetest #sylviaplath

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Depressed mood or dysphoria is the primary feature of major depressive disorder (MDD), the most common depressive diagnosis. In addition to this core experience, there are several other symptoms of MDD, including loss of interest in activities, sleep and appetite changes, guilt and hopelessness, fatigue, restlessness, concentration problems, and suicidal ideation.

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#badtherapy #gettingbetter