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'I love nature, and being in nature makes me feel happy'. 

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To me Health means being harmonious balance of physical mental and social well-being. It's about feeling energised and vibrant, both physically and mentally, so that I can live my life to the fullest.

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Nepal, a land of awe-inspiring natural beauty and cultural richness, captivates tourists with its diverse attractions. From the majestic Himalayan peaks, including the world's highest, Mount Everest, to its rich cultural heritage and spiritual significance, Nepal offers a unique experience for travellers. The Annapurna and Everest regions are iconic trekking destinations, offering breathtaking landscapes and challenging trails. Nepal offers thrilling activities such as paragliding, white-water rafting, and jungle safaris, ensuring there's something for every adventure seeker. The warm hospitality of the Nepali people adds to the charm, making visitors feel truly welcome.

World to live. (2023). Why Visit Nepal 2023? A Travel Guide To One Of Asias Most Fascinating Countries https://aworldtolive.com/why-visit-nepal/

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A land nested between Himalayas peak and lust valleys, a mixture of customs, festivals and practices comes together to form a harmonious symphony singing a song of Nepal. The cultural mosaic of Nepal is a tapestry woven with threads of spirituality, familial bonds, and communal celebrations. Nepal is a melting pot of ethnic groups, languages, and traditions. With over 120 different ethnicities and more than 120 languages spoken, the cultural diversity here is astounding.

(https://www.gviaustralia.com.au/blog/smb-discovering-the-rich-customs-of-nepal-a-guide-for-travelers/)

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Here, we explore the impact of three crucial WHO social determinants on migrant and refugee health in Australia:

1. Income and Social Protection:

Upon arrival, migrants and refugees face financial challenges due to language barriers and cultural differences, hindering their access to employment and leading to economic vulnerability. Limited income affects their ability to afford basic necessities and can contribute to mental health issues. Social protection programs play a crucial role by offering a safety net, ensuring access to healthcare and addressing income-related disparities.

2. Education:

Limited language proficiency and educational disparities hinder migrant and refugee children's access to quality education, trapping them in cycles of disadvantage. Limited education opportunities reduce employment prospects, limiting social mobility. Culturally sensitive educational initiatives and language support programs are essential, empowering individuals and improving health outcomes.

3. Housing, Basic Amenities, and the Environment:

Affordable housing challenges arise due to discrimination and cultural differences, leading to inadequate living conditions and social exclusion. Inadequate housing impacts physical and mental health, making individuals susceptible to illnesses. Unfamiliar environments can cause isolation and worsen mental health. Government policies focusing on affordable housing, sanitation, and environmental safety are vital for migrant and refugee well-being.

WHO. (2023) Social Determinants of Health
https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health

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Country of Focus: Afghanistan
Afghanistan, a landlocked country in south-central Asia, with a population of 40.2 million, has faced 40 years of conflict, poverty, and food insecurity, aggravated by the recent COVID-19 pandemic (UNHCR, 2023). The Taliban's takeover in August 2021 intensified violence, causing widespread suffering and displacement (Refugee Council of Australia, 2023). Australia has responded by welcoming Afghan refugees. Since 2013, over 23,000 Afghans have sought refuge, with 12,871 humanitarian visas granted and 4,927 evacuated to Australia as of February 2022 (Refugee Council of Australia, 2023).

Australian refugee health practice guide has listed three major health concerns faced by Afghan people when they arrive as a refugee are Malnutrition, Mental issue, and Tuberculosis.

1. Malnutrition: 20 million Afghans face acute hunger, with alarming rates of severe malnutrition, especially among children and women. Nutritional rehabilitation programs, providing culturally appropriate nutrient-rich food aid and supplements, address immediate deficiencies.

2. Mental Health Issues: Refugees, particularly from conflict zones like Afghanistan, suffer from PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Trauma-focused therapies like CBT and EMDR effectively treat mental health conditions, addressing the trauma endured.

3. Tuberculosis (TB): TB is prevalent among Afghan refugees, especially in crowded settings. The main treatment involves a regimen of antibiotics, typically administered through Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course (DOTS). This approach ensures consistent intake and includes drugs like Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol, and Pyrazinamide, closely monitored for effectiveness.

Refugee council of Australia. (2023). Australia’s treatment of Afghan refugees. Refugee Council of Australia. https://www.refugeecouncil.org.au/australias-treatment-of-afghan-refugees-how-their-date-and-mode-of-arrival-matters-more-than-their-persecution/

UNHCR. (2023)(https://www.unrefugees.org/news/afghanistan-refugee-crisis-explained/#:~:text=the%20United%20States%3F-,Why%20have%20people%20from%20Afghanistan%20been%20forced%20to%20flee%3F,a%20changeover%20in%20government%20authorities.)

Australian Refugee Health practice guide. (2023). Primary care for people with refugee background. Retrieved from https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/

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For me, the most significant aspect was the emphasis on person-centred care, family-focused care, access and equity, dignity, respect, and effective communication outlined in Competency Standard 12.3. I have developed my understanding of the importance of empathetic care, actively involving families, treating each individual equally, showing respect to everyone, and communicating effectively to meet their unique needs. Having learned, I now realise that these principles form the backbone of quality healthcare. This skill is useful to me in the workplace because it enhances my patient interactions, fostering trust and rapport. It ensures that patients feel valued, heard, and respected, leading to improved patient satisfaction and outcomes.
In future nursing practice, by actively engaging with diverse cultures, I intend to develop a deeper understanding of my patients' beliefs and values. This approach enables me to provide culturally sensitive care, ensuring my patients feel respected and understood.

Competency standard framework For Clinicians. (2019).Culturally Responsive Clinicians Practice: Working with people from Migrants and Refugee Backgrounds. Retrieved from (https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf)

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Nepali cuisine is a delightful fusion of flavours, influenced by Indian, Tibetan, and Thai culinary traditions. From momos (dumplings) and dal bhat (lentil soup with rice) to sel roti (traditional sweet bread) and gundruk (fermented leafy greens), Nepali food is a gastronomic adventure. The Nepalese people are known for their warm hospitality and generosity. A guest in Nepal is considered a manifestation of God, and visitors are welcomed with open arms and sincere smiles.

Nepalese Cuisine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalese_cuisine

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Nepal is renowned for its remarkable sculptures and woodcarvings. Skilled artisans carve intricate designs on wood, transforming simple pieces of timber into intricate masterpieces. These carvings adorn temples, palaces, and traditional Newar architecture, adding a touch of artistic grandeur to Nepal's cultural landscape. The craftsmanship and artistic finesse displayed in Nepalese woodcarving are unparalleled, reflecting the dedication and passion of the artisans.

Nepal travel vibes
https://www.nepaltravelvibes.com/wood-carving-in-nepal/

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This is my mother, and the picture was taken by me during our festival.

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Nepal is a land of festivals, where celebrations are not just events but vibrant expressions of joy and spirituality. Dashain, the most significant Hindu festival, paints the entire nation in hues of red and gold as families come together to honour traditions and strengthen bonds. Tihar, the festival of lights, illuminates the streets with the glow of oil lamps and colourful rangoli, symbolising the victory of light over darkness. These festivals not only reflect the religious diversity but also exemplify the unity among people, irrespective of their beliefs.

Dashain and Tihar (The Greatest festival of Nepal) https://www.acethehimalaya.com/dashain-and-tihar/

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Turmeric holds a significant place in Nepali traditional medicine, where it is valued for its potential health benefits. In traditional practices, turmeric is often used to alleviate digestive issues, reduce inflammation, and promote overall well-being. It is integrated into home remedies and Ayurvedic treatments, reflecting its historical significance as a natural healer.

Amazing benefits of Turmeric https://himalayanyoganepal.com/amazing-benefits-of-turmeric-besaar-haledo-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3/