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In 1939, Bell Telephone Laboratories completed this calculator, designed by scientist George Stibitz.

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Built as an electro-mechanical means of decrypting Nazi ENIGMA-based military communications during World War II, the British Bombe is conceived of by computer pioneer Alan Turing and Harold Keen of the British Tabulating Machine Company.

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The machine was designed and built by Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry between 1939 and 1942.

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Designed by British engineer Tommy Flowers, the Colossus is designed to break the complex Lorenz ciphers used by the Nazis during World War II.

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Curt Herzstark was an Austrian engineer who worked in his family’s manufacturing business until he was arrested by the Nazis in 1943. After the war, Herzstark’s Curta made history as the smallest all-mechanical, four-function calculator ever built.

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Conceived by Harvard physics professor Howard Aiken, and designed and built by IBM, the Harvard Mark 1 is a room-sized, relay-based calculator.

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The Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) project, led by IBM engineer Wallace Eckert, uses both relays and vacuum tubes to process scientific data at the rate of 50 14 x 14 digit multiplications per second.

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Started in 1943, the ENIAC computing system was built by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering of the University of Pennsylvania.

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The 1101, designed by ERA but built by Remington-Rand, was intended for high-speed computing and stored 1 million bits on its magnetic drum.

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The title of “first commercially available general-purpose computer” probably goes to Britain’s Ferranti Mark I for its sale of its first Mark I computer to Manchester University. The Mark 1 was a refinement of the experimental Manchester “Baby” and Manchester Mark 1 computers, also at Manchester University.

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The typical PDP-1 computer system, which sells for about $120,000, includes a cathode ray tube graphic display, paper tape input/output, needs no air conditioning and requires only one operator; all of which become standards for minicomputers.

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1970's Amdahl Corporation introduces the Amdahl 470

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1970's Amdahl Corporation introduces the Amdahl 470

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Gene Amdahl, father of the IBM System/360, starts his own company, Amdahl Corporation, to compete with IBM in mainframe computer systems.

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Commodore releases the VIC-20 home computer as the successor to the Commodore PET personal computer.

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1990's Intel's Touchstone Delta supercomputer system comes online

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1990's Intel's Touchstone Delta supercomputer system comes online

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Reaching 32 gigaflops (32 billion floating point operations per second), Intel’s Touchstone Delta has 512 processors operating independently, arranged in a two-dimensional communications “mesh.”

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The typical PDP-1 computer system, which sells for about $120,000, includes a cathode ray tube graphic display, paper tape input/output, needs no air conditioning and requires only one operator; all of which become standards for minicomputers.

# data[].attributes.headline
1970's Amdahl Corporation introduces the Amdahl 470

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1970's Amdahl Corporation introduces the Amdahl 470

# data[].attributes.body
Gene Amdahl, father of the IBM System/360, starts his own company, Amdahl Corporation, to compete with IBM in mainframe computer systems.

# data[].attributes.body
Commodore releases the VIC-20 home computer as the successor to the Commodore PET personal computer.

# data[].attributes.headline
1990's Intel's Touchstone Delta supercomputer system comes online

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1990's Intel's Touchstone Delta supercomputer system comes online

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Reaching 32 gigaflops (32 billion floating point operations per second), Intel’s Touchstone Delta has 512 processors operating independently, arranged in a two-dimensional communications “mesh.”

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Japan's SoftBank introduces the first camera phone, the J-Phone J-SH04; a Sharp-manufactured digital phone with integrated camera.

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Since the release of the Macintosh in 1984, Apple has placed emphasis on high-resolution graphics and display technologies.