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In 1829, London's parliament established the first civilian run police force that was to maintain order, possibly through physical force, in addition to other policies. This act provides the blueprint for policing as we know it in the United States. However, many in London came to resent “Peel’s Raw Lobsters” and saw them as a threat to democracy and a sign of the police state.

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Louisiana slave patrols began to enforce the slave codes. All eligible white men, usually aged between 21-45 years old were required to join the slave patrol. These men came from all levels of society and some were paid upwards of .25 cents an hour. These laws meant that white men, in particular, were empowered to with the duty to police the "comings and goings of black people".

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States and cities in the United States begin to develop forces to deal with their own unique problems. Boston becomes the first city to deploy an urban force. New York would follow suit in 1844 followed by the city of Philadelphia in 1854. These forces would emphasis "active " policing and would conduct public patrols and focused on the prevention of crime.

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Following the conclusion of the Civil War, the KKK was born in 1866 in Pulaski, Tennessee. During this time, the South was expanding and updating it's prison systems. They also empowered vigilante groups, such as the KKK, to surveil day to day operations of black communities. The extreme influence of these groups led to the courts being known as the "Klan courts". These groups often resembled the same constituents as the former Slave Patrols commonly used in the South that used their position of power to control black communities.

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In 1894, the 1st police brutality commission is conducted. The commission produced over 300 subpeonas, 600 witnesses, and 10,000 pages of testimony. The commission concluded that police officers were routinely using corporal punishment in the same fashion and manner is was being used in the South. Rampant corruption could also be found. One such place would be Tammany Hall, where politics and policing were routinely intertwined. Forces were used to do the bidding of local politicians and influential businesses.

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Prohibition laws passed in 1920 ultimately level the playing field for many 1st generation immigrants. Everyone joins in on the bootlegging, including many police officers who were teaming up with the local mob. The lines between races for white immigrants starts to becomes blurred as most began to see them as the "guardians of the peace" leaving the black community on the outside looking in.

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The report was to look at the issues derived from bootlegging and changes that needed to be made to improve American law. A key suggestion made was that policing and politics be severed and police institutions should have political independence. August Vollmer, police chief in Berkeley, CA, used the reforms to  to "professionalize" the police force, including introducing the Uniform Crime Report and requiring more education for would be police officers.

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In 1950, J Edgar Hoover and the FBI introduced the "FBI's Top 10 Most Wanted" list. The FBI was created in 1908 by Theodore Roosevelt in part to help combat the new phenomenon of national criminals. Hoover was attempting to create a federal agency that was no nonsense and tough on crime. However, as a rabid anticommunist tasked with uncovering threats to the United States, Hoover often used his position of power to attack civil advocates such as MLK and politicians he considered a threat.

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President Nixon was elected in 1969 by the "Silent Majority", who stood by the the traditional institutions of authority. Nixon declared a total war on drugs and by the 1980's more aggressive policing made it easier to seize drugs and drug money. The more aggressive tactics targeted black communities in particular, instilling a sense of distrust and contempt for police as it was perceived as an extension of Slave Patrols and Jim Crow laws used by the KKK in the South.

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Following the attacks on the "Twin Towers" on September 11, 2001 the United States created the Department of Homeland Security and passed laws such as the Patriot Act. The Patriot Act marked active policing by loosing some restrictions regarding entering civilian homes and making it easier to conduct surveillance against suspected terrorists. In addition, local police have become more militarized by using weapons and tactics that are typically reserved for military units.