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Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. Goal 13 aims to combat climate change and its impacts by taking urgent action. Climate change and environmental degradation are equity issues that undermine the rights of every child, especially the most disadvantaged. Rising sea levels are one of the most visible signs of climate change caused by our carbon emissions. One of the reason is global warming that causes melting glaciers and ice caps in Greenland and Antarctica are releasing billions of tonnes of water into the ocean. Each additional degree accelerates these processes, transforming our coasts at an alarming rate.

Some areas are already suffering the consequences. Indonesia, for example, is having to relocate its capital, Jakarta, because the weight of its infrastructure, in addition to rising water levels, is literally sinking the city. When sea levels rise as rapidly as they have been, even a small increase can have devastating effects on coastal habitats farther inland, it can cause destructive erosion, wetland flooding, and agricultural soil contamination with salt, and lost habitat for fish, birds, and plants.

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Target 13.1: Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries

Target 13.2: Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning

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The Regional Disaster Mitigation Agency (BPBD) of Jakarta has asked residents in coastal areas to remain alert for coastal flooding until January 3, 2025.

Executive head of the Jakarta BPBD,said in Jakarta on Thursday that coastal flooding could potentially occur in coastal areas of North Jakarta.

According to the Tanjung Priok Meteorology Station of the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) has issued an early warning against coastal flooding, which will remain in effect from December 26, 2024, to January 3, 2025.

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Indonesia’s capital Jakarta is sinking.

As Indonesia’s capital and most populous megacity, Jakarta needs rapid solutions to tackle the problems of land subsidence and sea-level rise. A recent study by the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) stated that, without aggressive effort, around 25% of the capital area will be submerged in 2050.The risk could increase twofold or even more because of climate change.

Increased temperatures caused by climate change have melted three glacier regions of the Earth: Antarctica in the southern polar region, Greenland in the north and the Himalayan mountains. As a result, the volume of seawater has increased and seas have expanded, putting coastal areas in danger of submerging. Strong surges, cyclones and tides due to the changing climate add to the problems of the high water. On top of that, Jakarta is routinely flooded due to upstream heavy rainfalls or local rainfalls.

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The impacts of rising sea levels in Jakarta 

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The impacts of rising sea levels in Jakarta 

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1. Social Impacts

Displacement of Communities:

All Jakarta resident's living in coastal areas is forced to relocate due to their neighborhoods destroyed and sinking underwater.

Public Health Issues:

Increased risk of waterborne diseases like cholera and dengue fever due to stagnant floodwaters.

Limited access to clean water as flooding damages water supply infrastructure.

2. Economic Impact

Property and Infrastructure Damage:

Rising sea levels lead to major damage to buildings, roads and major infrastructure. This will cause the economy to collapse for a considerable period of time.

Reduced Economic Activity:

Frequent floods disrupt businesses and industries. The tourism sector is also affected by rising sea levels where tourists cannot come to the country because the places they want to visit are destroyed.

3.Environmental Impacts

Destruction of Coastal Ecosystems:

Mangroves, which are critical for protecting coastlines from erosion, are under threat.

Loss of habitats for coastal wildlife

Water Pollution:

Flooding often leads to sewage system failures, contaminating rivers and coastal waters around Jakarta.

This pollution severely harms marine biodiversity and coastal ecosystems.

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Building seawalls

Seawalls are built on the coast to decrease flooding from tides and storms. They are often built to a height of five to six feet above sea level. To reduce flooding, old seawalls will need to be repaired and raised higher as the seas rise.

Raising roads

Raising roads above sea level can help drain water and reduce tidal flooding. In order to make sure that higher roads don’t channel flood waters to homes and stores at lower elevations, cities often use stormwater pumps to remove this excess water.

Slowing land sinkage

In places like Jakarta, the land is sinking in part because so much groundwater has been pumped out that the land is caving in to fill the empty space. Cities can slow down land sinkage by limiting further groundwater pumping and initiating pilot projects to reverse land sinkage.

Building stormwater pumps

With higher seas, water doesn’t drain out as easily. Pumps can speed up the process of getting water off the streets by vacuuming up the flood water and releasing it back into the sea.

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Remember when your Lord said to the angels, “I am going to place a successive human authority on earth.” They asked Allah, “Will You place in it someone who will spread corruption there and shed blood while we glorify Your praises and proclaim Your holiness?” Allah responded, “I know what you do not know.”

As the Khalifah on earth, humans are commanded by Allah with the responsibility to protect, manage, and utilize the earth's resources wisely and responsibly. This role includes responsibility to Allah, fellow humans, and the environment. All mankind needs to reinforce the importance of preserving the Earth as an integral part of fulfilling our Amanah as khalifah, ensuring that our actions bring benefit rather than harm to creation. By fulfilling these responsibilities, humans can fulfill their duty as Khalifah, bringing goodness to themselves, society, and all of creation.