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Caliph Al-Ma'mun establishes the House of Wisdom (Bayt al-Hikma) in Baghdad, which becomes a major center for astronomical studies and translations of ancient Greek texts.

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825 AD: Al-Khwarizmi's Astronomical Tables

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825 AD: Al-Khwarizmi's Astronomical Tables

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Persian mathematician and astronomer Al-Khwarizmi completes his astronomical tables (Zij), which become fundamental for astronomical calculations throughout the medieval Islamic world.

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The first major astronomical observatory in the Islamic world is established in Baghdad under Al-Ma'mun's patronage, marking a new era in systematic astronomical observations.

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832 AD: Earth's Circumference Measurement

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832 AD: Earth's Circumference Measurement

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Al-Ma'mun's astronomers conduct a new measurement of Earth's circumference in the Syrian Desert, achieving remarkable accuracy for their time.

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850 AD: Al-Farghani's 'Elements of Astronomy'

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850 AD: Al-Farghani's 'Elements of Astronomy'

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Astronomer Al-Farghani writes his comprehensive book on celestial motions, which later influences European astronomy through Latin translations.

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Thabit ibn Qurra starts his astronomical work in Baghdad, later becoming famous for his theories on planetary motion and the trepidation of the equinoxes.

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The Banu Musa brothers complete several astronomical works and mechanical devices for observing celestial bodies.

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Al-Battani begins his 40-year career of astronomical observations, leading to highly accurate calculations of the solar year and lunar month.

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Significant improvements in the design and use of astrolabes occur during this period, making them more precise for astronomical measurements.

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Arab astronomers complete updated star catalogs, improving upon Ptolemy's work and adding new stars and constellations.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Hawking#Early_life

Hey! Here's a funny and interesting fact about Stephen Hawking:

Hawking had a great sense of humor and loved to joke around, even about his own condition. One of his funniest moments was when he appeared on the TV show The Big Bang Theory. In one episode, he made a hilarious appearance where he sarcastically insulted Sheldon Cooper (played by Jim Parsons) with a remark about his "lack of personality." Hawking even had a personal connection with the show's creators, who admired his sense of humor and wit.

Another funny moment was when he was asked if he believed in aliens, to which he replied, "The probability that we are alone in the universe is very low." Then, with his trademark wit, he added, "If we meet an alien, I hope they are friendly!"

Why did Stephen Hawking break up with his girlfriend? Because there was no space for their relationship to grow.

(con ngua ma hoang so thi goi la cai gi?)

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al-Raḥmān al-Ṣūfī was born in December 903 – 25 May 986. He was a Persian astronomer.His work The Book of Fixed Stars written in 964, included both textual descriptions and illustrations. The Persian polymath Al-Biruni wrote that al-Ṣūfī's work on the ecliptic was carried out in Shiraz. Al-Ṣūfī lived at the Buyid court. Al-Sufi was also the first astronomer to describe the 'nebulosity' of the nebula in Andromeda in his book of constellations (atlas of heavens). He named the southern group of stars the 'White Bull' after receiving reports from Arab navigators in the Malay Archipelago. :) Then he died because ò false belives. :(

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Nicolaus Copernicus(19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance polymath, active as a mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic canon, who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center. In all likelihood, Copernicus developed his model independently of Aristarchus of Samos, an ancient Greek astronomer who had formulated such a model some eighteen centuries earlier.

Copernicus probably hit upon his main idea sometime between 1508 and 1514, and during those years he wrote a manuscript usually called the Commentariolus (“Little Commentary”). However, the book that contains the final version of his theory, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium libri vi (“Six Books Concerning the Revolutions of the Heavenly Orbs”), did not appear in print until 1543, the year of his death.

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Born in Pisa, Italy on February 15, 1564

Die on January 8, 1642

An Italian natural philosopher, astronomer

Considered the father of modern science

Fun facts about him:

1. He was a college dropout.

2. His middle finger is on display in a museum.

3. NASA named a spacecraft for him.

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Johannes Kepler (1571–1630) was a German astronomer, mathematician, and physicist.

Fun facts about Johannes Kepler:

1. Discovered the three laws of planetary motion, proving planets orbit the Sun in ellipses.

2. Worked with Tycho Brahe, using his data to develop groundbreaking theories.

3. Improved telescopes and explained how lenses work in “Dioptrice.”

4. Observed a supernova in 1604, known as the “Kepler Star.”

5. First to suggest the Moon influences Earth’s tides.

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Ptolemy is an early astronomer from Rome which provided many hypotheses that shape modern astronomy today.

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Copernicus (1473–1543) was a Polish astronomer best known for developing the heliocentric model of the solar system, which placed the Sun at the center instead of the Earth.

Fun Facts about Copernicus:

1. He delayed publishing his heliocentric theory until the end of his life to avoid controversy.

2. He was also a mathematician, economist, and doctor.

3. He spoke multiple languages, including Latin, Polish, and German.

4. His book, De Revolutionibus, revolutionized astronomy but was banned by the Church for nearly 200 years.

5. He worked as a church canon but never became a priest.