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Cryptococcus neoformans explained by British Doctor Dr Bret Palmer

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(Unfortunatley, there are very little videos done on Cryptococcus, and most of those videos are in relation to HIV. I apologize for the video quality!)

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Osaigbovo II, Senior Lecturer, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Benin

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It is difficult to avoid inhaling C. Neoformans as it is thought to be everywhere, and often has already entered our immune systems. A way for those who are vulnerable (such as those with HIV) to protect themselves is to have a targeted screening for any "silent" infections, or infections that do not have any external symptoms.

Treatment for C. Neoformans varies depending on the severity. For those asymptomatic, fluconazole is administered. For those with a more severe case, amphotericin B plus flucytosine would initially be taken, with fluconazole taken for an extended period of time after to ensure that the infection is cleared.

(Treatment for C. Neoformans Infection | Fungal Diseases | CDC. 11 July 2022)

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Emerging threat - Fatality in Non-HIV infected patient

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Emerging threat - Fatality in Non-HIV infected patient

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In the “Fatal Cryptococcal Meningitis in the Non-HIV Infected: A Case Report.” from the Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, A report on the diagnostic and management of a non-HIV infected man was observed. Although the lack of HIV was noted in his death, it can be seen that his death was also attributed to a late diagnostic and "difficulties in accessing medications". This is an emerging threat as preventable deaths are occurring due to those not having access to adequate healthcare in parts of the world.

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It is worth noting that cryptococcosis is uncommon in healthy individuals; it particularly affects those with compromised immune systems, with the example above being a patient with HIV. In the lungs, symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pains and a fever. If the disease progresses to meningitis, it can lead to neck pain, headaches, nausea and vomiting, and confusion and mood swings. (Symptoms of C. Neoformans Infection | Fungal Diseases | CDC. 14 Jan. 2021)

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C. neoformans Infection - Taken from EcuRed.

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Cryptococcus neoformans

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Cryptococcus neoformans, or C. Neoformans or short is a fungus that exists all around the world in decaying wood, soil and bird droppings. this microscopic fungus can then be inhaled by humans and animals, infecting them. The name for infection from C. Neoformans is known as cryptococcosis. This mainly affects the lungs, but can spread to the brain and become a type of meningitis disease. (About C. Neoforman Infection | Fungal Diseases | CDC. 14 Jan. 2021)