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For Kristi, the soldiers were simply part of the landscape, something that had always been there, on every corner, as unimportant as lampposts, throughout her remembered life. (pg 15)

Observe: The presence of the soldiers did not really frighten Kristi, as she felt that they were unimportant.

Notice: There were many soldiers in the country as they were stationed at every corner.

Wonder: How did the citizens feel about the soldiers? Were the soldiers aggressive? Perhaps not, as Kristi felt they were like lampposts, just standing there with no intention to harm.

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p. 5 For Kristi, the soldiers were simply part of the landscape, something that had always been there, on every corner, as unimportant as lampposts, throughout her remembered life.

Observe: To Kristi, seeing the soldiers around was a common sight for her. She does not perceive any danger with the soldiers around in her neighbourhood. Hence, soldiers were described as a "simply part of the landscape".

Notice: Kristi's bravery could be due to her ignorance of the perceived danger.

Wonder: If she know of the perceived danger, will she be as brave as what she is now?

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Observe: Peter! She hadn't seen him in a long time. There was something frightening about his being here at night. (pg 38)

Notice: There was a curfew in Copenhagen and no one was allowed to come out after 8pm.

Wonder: What was he doing at their home past curfew? It had to be something important for him to risk being caught by the German soldiers. Were they all planning to escape Denmark?

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It was one more time, Annemarie realized, when they protected one another by not telling. Pg 91.

Observe: There were secrets everywhere, many to keep people safe, some to keep people brave.

Notice: As a child, Annemarie is curious to know what is going on. Gradually she is realizing that sometimes it is best not to know.

Wonder: What is true bravery/courage? Is knowledge of everything important? What is the wiser course of action?

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Your 'Observe' and "notice' need to derive from the same text portions.  At the moment, they come from many portions of text and add up to your 'observe'.

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But Kirsti reached up and pushed the soldier's hand away.
"Don't," she said loudly.

Observe: Little Kirsti was not fearful of the soldiers.

Notice: Unlike Annemarie, Kirsti stood up for herself and openly warned the soldier not to touch her. She did not want to entertain the engagement with the soldiers and was more focused on her own likes and agenda.

Wonder:

- Will this trait of Kirsti pose as a problem for the girls later on?

- Will Kirsti influence Annemarie as she deals with challenges? If so, how?

- How did the war impact younger children? Why do they seem unfazed by authority?

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Try to steer ONW towards one of the lines of inquiry in the text. At the moment, this ONW is focused on the relationship of two characters, and does not help to enlighten how their interaction is significant (e.g. is this about the humanity of so-called occupiers, or is this about the disdain shown by conquerers towards their subjects? Or is this an example of how distant the relationship between a soldier and the typical Dane?)

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Observe - people tried to keep a low profile, avoid contact with the soldiers, hide as much as possible from the soldiers (p. 3 l. 10-11, l. 19-20, p.6 l. 1-2)
Notice - Annemarie's and Ellen's mothers told them to take a different route so as not to be recognized. (p. 9 l. 2)
Wonder - What will happen if the soldiers recognize the children or anybody? Will the two soldiers remember Kirsti since she made an impression?

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"Are you a good student?" the soldier asked. He seemed to be sneering. (p.3)

Observe: The soldier was speaking in a scornfully jeering manner.

Notice: The soldier who had ordered the girls to stop in a stern voice asked Annemarie an unexpected question. Rather than asking her the usual questions about what one was doing, where one was going and what one was carrying, he asked her a somewhat personal question even though he seemed to be sneering at her.

Wonder:
-What was the reason behind his question? Was he actually interested to find out more about her?
-Did he sneer and ask the question as he thought that studying was not suitable for someone like her?
-Would he try to offer some advice if she replied that she was not a good student?

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Contrasting response to war/Children and Innocence

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Contrasting response to war/Children and Innocence

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War and situation; response of people to conquerers

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War and situation; response of people to conquerers

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Adding on to your Notice: They became equals - this is a moment when Annemarie grew up? No longer a girl with her mother, but equal in terms of their relationship and their partnership in their cause?
[Compare that to Peter Nielsen calling Mama by name]

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Pg 9- " Mama, is there anything to eat?" Annemarie asked, hoping to take her mother's mind away from the soldiers.

Observe- Sensing that her mother is troubled, as earlier, the mum had been murmuring about the presence of the soldiers, Annmarie tries to avoid the talk about the soldiers

Notice- I notice that she is mature and understands the dilemma of her mother and attempts to distract her mother's attention to talk about breakfast.

Wonder- I wonder how it is that Annmarie is able to adapt to situations and handle them in a calm manner.

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“The old man stumbled… he didn’t seem hurt. Maybe just his pride…” It was an odd word: pride. (pg 109)

Observation: Mama made this tongue-in-cheek comment to lighten the mood as the rest seemed worried about the commotion.

Notice: Annemarie did not see the humour in her mother’s comment. Instead, she seemed affected by it, deeming it as “odd”.

Wonder: Did Annemarie think that “pride” was no longer important in the face of fear?

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“Annemarie knew that Mama was lying again, and she could see that Mama understood that she knew. They looked at each other for a long time and said nothing. In that moment, with that look, they became equals.” (pg 94)

Observation: There was no talking between Annemarie and Mama.

Notice: Even without the exchange of words, Annemarie seemed to finally understand why Mama lied to her. On the other hand, Mama doesn’t seem perturbed that Annemarie has seen through her lie.

Wonder: Is it alright to lie to someone in order to “protect” them?

What does Annemarie mean by “equal”? Is it since she knew Mama was lying; henceforth, there was some consensus to keep the lie between themselves?

Why was Mama unfazed even after knowing that Annemarie knew she had lied?

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Ellen made a face. "No," she said laughing. "You know I can't beat you - my legs aren't as long. Can't we just walk, like civilized people?"

Observe - Ellen seemed to be an honest girl - she declined because she knew that she would not be able to win the race.

Notice - Ellen could be trying to be modest when she declined to a race. At the same time, being a Jew, she could also be wary of the situation and wanted to blend in like "civilized people". As if anyone would call kids "uncivilized" because they try to race or play.

Wonder - Could this "uncivilized" behaviour from the girls warrant the attention from the soldiers? What actions would be considered as civilized in the soldiers' eyes?

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An ONW needs to be located in one specific portion of the text. So your "Notice" needs to be pared down to this specific instance (start another ONW based on one of the episodes where Kirsti was told a story).
Similarly your Wonder that is specific to this case would be: I wonder if Kirsti's innocence will last?
OR another Wonder: I wonder if Annemarie too went through this same carefree and fearless innocence as Kirsti? I wonder if Annemarie naturally outgrew it, or if an incident occurred to make her grow up before her time?

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"And he poked Annemarie's book bag with his gun, and then he grabbed my hair!" Kristi was chattering as she took off her sweater in the centre of the apartment living room. "But I wasn't scared. Annemarie was, and Ellen too. But not, me!"

Observe - Kristi told things as they were. She was oblivious of her surrounding and of course the emotions that got stirred. She remained innocent and her thoughts with regards the situations they went through were consistent throughout the period (during German occupation).

Notice - Kristi, being young, naturally allowed her naivety cloud her judgement of others. She seemed fearless because she was able to "escape" and enjoy being a 5-year old, fantasizing about "kings and queens". She was also allowed to do so as her family members had protected her by not telling her the truth. Many times her family made light of the situations that they were going through - when Ellen stayed over, when the soldiers searched their house for the Rosens, when they returned to Uncle Herik's farmhouse etc.

Wonder - What changed Kristi that she no longer the lighthearted chatterbox she once was - that she had become serious - at the end of the book? What could possibly have happened to the family after helping the Jews escape? Did the girls continue school and learn the truth from their teachers?

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Pull your "O" further away from your "N".  "N" should be an inference.

Try: Notice: She not only stopped herself (that is your "O") but her control seemed to arise out extreme caution to ensure that she gave away as little intimate detail to the soldiers as is possible.

Or another Notice: When she repeated the "Don't talk so much" or "Just tell them... that's all," is that her voice or maybe it is her echoing some adults' words/advice?

Another Wonder: What must it be for children who live in this society where this sort of caution and protection needs to be practised? What must it be for adults who must live in mortal fear of the things that their children may inevitably blurt out?

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Do not stop at quote for "O". So what you observe, based on that quote, is that they gave him a nickname because they seem to know him/see him a lot. The nickname is also based on his actual physical appearance and may be considred insulting/disrespectful.

Notice: There should be this air of familiarity  evoked by a nickname and yet even such potentially humorous incidents come with fear and the people who seem harmless (a giraffe!) suggest menace. This is not quite the environment in which you picture young girls growing up in.

Wonder: How would the soldier's treatment of the girls change if he knew of their nickname for him?  Is it going to be a world where even harmless fun (and age appropriate playfulness) cannot be tolerated?

[This ONW can be contrasted against one on the boots, if there is one.]

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Don't talk so much, she told herself. Just answer them, that's all. (p.3).

Observe: Annemarie was initially rambling when she seemed to remember that doing so was not the right thing to do hence she stopped herself.

Notice: Annemarie was initially answering spontaneously but she stopped herself and became more guarded, almost as if she did not want to let them know more about herself and the more intimate details of her life.

Wonder: Was she doing this because of her dislike towards them or because she has been taught / prepared by her parents for such interaction?

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ONWs are usually used on one observation only.  Here you have already tried to synthesise your observations and located common patterns. Try to tease these apart first to be able to unpack your thinking for your students.  Take each quote and develop an ONW on each, and then link them together to see what it offers you (it is more than just choice.)
My advice on how to use ONW does not invalidate the connections and musings you made, by the way! What you have here is important.

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Extending your Wonder: I wonder if this fear and tendency to not become involved will be the case for other events to come? This signals a troubling tendency in society.

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From the corner of her eye, she saw the shopkeeper move quietly back into the shadows of the doorway, out of sight. (p.3).

Observe: The shopkeeper was moving quietly as she did not want to draw attention to herself.

Notice: The shopkeeper seemed afraid of being seen or getting involved in the interaction between the soldiers and the girls. There seemed to be tension in the air and where before it showed the girls running past other people - cafes and shops - in this scene, it seemed as if they have all disappeared leaving only the soldiers and the girls. Even the shopkeeper was trying to discreetly 'disappear' from the scene.

Wonder: What had the other residents and people of the town experienced to cause them to behave in such a manner? How had the soldiers acted towards them that they seemed terrified and rather than come to the girls' rescue, they refused to get themselves involved?

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Stop 'observe' at Kirsti being unafriad.

Notice: Kirsti's lack of fear is possibly due to her age and innocence.

Wonder: What parents did to protect Kirsti is a valid wonder, but what made you connect that to stories they told her?  (No evidence in passage/from passage).
Instead, try this: What is it that the older girls were aware of/exposed to, that they could comprehend and therefore made them fear the soldiers?

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But Kirsti reached up and pushed the soldier’s away. “Don’t” she said loudly. ( Chap 1 )

O – Unlike Ellen and Annemarie, Kirsti was not afraid of the soldiers. Young children of Kirsti’s age are  usually afraid of men in uniform.

N – The innocence of the five-year-old Kirsti seemed to remain intact despite having the soldiers roaming the town. She viewed the soldiers as part of the people that she met on her daily walkabouts rather than a threat. Thus, she was able to react the way she did without much fear.

W – What did the parents do to protect Kirsti ? What stories did they share with her to protect her innocence?

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(P. 5 & 9)
(O) "She is pretty, like my own little girl," the tall one said in a more pleasant voice.
..."If he has such a pretty little girl, why doesn't he go back to her like a good father?" Mrs Johansen murmured...

(N) These two episodes remind me of how we are thrust into situations when we don't have any choice. Without proper understanding of one another's situations and circumstances, we usually make judgements based on our personal circumstances.

(W) Were there soldiers who fought a war against their will?

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(P.3)
(O) Annemarie recognised him as the one she and Ellen always called, in whispers. 'the Giraffe' because of his height and the long neck that extended from his stiff collar.

(N) The description carries an air of familiarity yet at the same time, a distance between Annemarie and 'the giraffe'. We call someone with nickname because we know that person.

(W) Why is that so?

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For Kirsti, the soldiers were simply part of the landscape, something that had always been there, on every corner, as unimportant as lampposts, throughout her remembered life. (p.5).

Observe: Kirsti views the soldiers as being part of the community that she grows up in.

Notice: Being the youngest in the Johansen family, Kirsti is oblivious to her surroundings on the real reason(s) why the soldiers are there. By the time she was able to understand things, the country was already in a war.

Wonder: What kind of childhood did Kirsti have? Did her parents have to lie to her about the truth?

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Your notice is just a restatement of what you observed.  Try to tease it apart a bit more.
E.g. Notice: The older soldiers are deployed to search for the Jews and they seem a lot more harsh than the younger ones.

Wonder: What does the involvement of these senior German soldiers mean? Will life for the Danes (or the relationship between the German occupiers and Danish citizens) will now change for the worse? Is this a watershed moment?

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Your "O" and "N" are just stating the same points.  Try to differentiate the two: E.g. Observe - Annemarie was frightened by the gesture of soldier; Notice - Gesture of Soldier was done by rough assertion of authority.

Wonder should expand a bit more and not go on the same point (intention of soldier does not quite open up any points for discussion). E.g. try this: if this is how the soldier uses authority to frighten little innocent girls, what would he do to the others who actively work against their occupation?

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"What is in here?" he asked loudly. (p.3)

Observe: One of the soldiers, who was always hanging around at the corner, moving towards Annemarie.

Notice: Using his authority, the soldier poked (using the stock of his rifle) Annemarie's backpack and with a harsh tone demanded to know what was in her backpack.  This instilled fear in Annemarie causing her to tremble.

Wonder: What was the real intention of the soldier towards Annemarie and her friends? Was it to deliberately frighten the girls?

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Pg 46 Annemarie looked around. These three uniformed men were different from the ones on the street corners.

Observe: The younger soldiers were deployed to do patrolling at the streets whereas the senior one were sent to search for the Jews.

Notice: Different age groups of soldiers were assigned for different task and duty.

Wonder: Could it be that a more important and serious task was assigned to the senior soldiers?

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Another Wonder to expand the thinking: How is sisterhood significant in this text and how is it used in the plot?

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Page 108
But she didn't. She understood that she was protecting Ellen the way her mother had protected her. Although she didn't understand what was happening, or why the casket was there - or who, in truth, was in it - she knew it was better, safer, for Ellen to believe in Great-aunt Brite. So she said nothing.

Observe: There is a deep dark secret that needs to be kept, so much so that even those exposed to the casket had no idea who truly was in the casket.

Notice: It is interesting to note that in order to protect oneself, it is better for one not to even be in the know.

Wonder: Who had actually died? He/She seems to be well-respected by the community, but his/her identity is a secret so that the soldier remain unaware. Why? what can the soldiers do to a dead man? Is there really a person?

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You should try to find a specific part of the text to start an ONW on - as s reader, you are already going for a noticeable motif that stretches across the text (= this is too advanced a level of reading we expect of our students)

Observe: Last statement is a 'Wonder' (Consider how role-play .... change it to "I wonder how role play is used or relevant in the novel/plot?"

Notice: The part about "The girls often indulge..." is an "Observe".  Notice is that point you gave (after that the girls did role play as Johansens in front of the soldiers).

Wonder: Needs to proceed from the text, and have more of a genuine wonder/awe element to be divergent. Yes wonder: This seems to be a world where role play has intrusions from adult world (gone with the wind), where role play and what seems childish and normal is dangerous underneath. All seems to be a game, or is it?

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"Anyway, if they did, it would give me a chance to practise acting. I'd just pretend to be Lise. I wish I were taller, though," (Chapter 5)

"You should be an actress when you grow up." (Chapter 5)

Observe: The first few chapters are peppered with light-hearted moments as the girls engage in moments of childish play. Consider how the role-play unfolds in the rest of Chapter 5 and the book.

Notice: The girls often indulge in fairy tales and role-play in the first few chapters. However, role-playing is no longer merely a form of childish play in Chapter 5, soon other Ellen speaks these lines.  Also note how Annemarie and her family harbour Ellen as if they are part of the family, and how they somehow convince the German soldiers that Ellen's Lise in Chapter 5.

Wonder: Is role-playing merely a childish diversion or for children only, why? What roles would the different characters need to play in this chapter? What are the other important instances of disguise and role-playing in the book? How might role-play relate to the characters' growth?

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Your 'wonder' may be more suitable from another "O", as it is quite clear that the German soldiers were in the country as occupiers.

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The "N" here is not very accurate (see dictionary definition of hoodlum). But yes, it tells us about the world view of the soldiers - that they classify people into those who are useful members of society and those who are not. It also shows that these soldiers are very conservative in their mindsets in terms of the conventions they expect of young girls (remember these are 6- and 10-year olds that he expects NOT to run!)

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Good ONW that throws up the thread of identity and power. What role do language, traditions and customs play in the assertion/preservation of a people's identity? How are these expressed by the Danes (the conquered) in this text? How do they exploit these to their advantage?

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p.17 for quote (for those who are using version of text like mine).
Missing an 'observe' here: Do not stop at simply giving quote.
Try this for an 'O': He has become more solemn and serious after losing Lise.

Good "N' here.
Another related "N" - Annemarie is able to observe this change in Peter - for a ten-year old, she is perceptive.

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"There hasn't been any butter, or sugar for cupcakes, for a long time. A year, at least."

Observe: Kirsti's mother's reaction when she asked for a big yellow cupcake with pink frosting.

Notice: They did not have access to  essentials such as butter or sugar for at least a year.

Wonder: Was it due to the war? What was life like for them?

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"Why are you running?" the harsh voice asked. His Danish was very poor. Three years, Annemarie thought with contempt. Three years they've been in our country, and still they can't speak our language. (p 11)
Observe: Instead of being intimidated by the harsh voice / tone of the soldier, Annemarie seemed to think that the soldier's inability to speak her native language was a disgrace
Notice: Anniemarie pointed out that the soldier had been in her country for three years. She sort of expected him to be able to converse well in Danish as he would have had many opportunities to mingle and interact with the locals during his stay.
Wonder: Why were there German soldiers in the town? Why were they armed with rifles? Why were they blocking the path and curbing the girls from running?

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"Three years, Annmarie thought with contempt.  Three years they've been in our country, and still they can't speak our language." (Ch1, p3)

Observe: Annmarie disliked the German soldiers occupying her country.

Notice:  For a ten-year-old, she has her own views about the soldiers and isn't afraid to echo her thoughts internally.

Wonder:

Will she be brave enough to express her thoughts out loud?

Was she aware of the situation she was in at that time?

Did she show her contempt for the soldiers?

"Go home, all of you. Go study your schoolbooks. And don't run. You look like hoodlums when you run" (Ch 1, p5)

Observe: The soldier let the girls go but not before a word of advice (to study) as well as, warning them to behave themselves by not running.

Notice: The soldier had likened to the girls, if they ran, to being criminals.  So we can assume that the soldiers were always going after criminals who ran away.

Wonder:

Was the soldier being kind by giving advice to the girls?

Was the soldier giving an excuse to let the girls go by asking them to go home and study?

Was he forewarning the girls about the consequence if he were to catch them again?

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"Annemarie, what happened? What is Kirsti talking about?" her mother asked anxiously.
"Where's Ellen?" Mrs. Rosen had a frightened look. (pg 7)

Observe: The reactions of both mothers are quite different upon hearing the incident.

Notice: Mrs. Rosen's reaction was one of fear rather than worry, in comparison to Mrs Johansen's.

Wonder: Why was Mrs. Rosen's reaction different from Mrs Johansen? Was Ellen more at risk of danger than Annemarie? Why would that be so?

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Annemarie leaned over and hugged her. "They won't take you away," she said. (Chapter 4)
Observe: Annemarie has a strong sense of sisterhood.
Notice: Ellen seems overwhelmed and there is a foreboding feeling of doom that makes Annemarie instinctively want to make assurances.
Wonder: Are the girls fully aware of what was going on? Why is there so much fear these girls are experiencing even to the point of speaking in murmurs? Have they an idea of what would happen if Ellen's identity was revealed? How?

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"The soldier reached down and stroked her little sister's short, tangled curls." (pg 15)

Observe: The soldier acting in a fatherly manner towards the five-year-old while on duty.
Notice: A contradictory action of one who is carrying out a serious duty (the soldier) and then acting all loving towards the girls when he stroked the hair of the little girl.
Wonder: What was he thinking when he saw the girls? Was he doing his duty as a soldier reluctantly because he was away from his family? Did the girls remind him of his own children?

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They must be edgy because of the latest Resistance incidents...pg 8
Observe: There is some resentment towards the occupiers.
Notice: There is some underground movement going on in attempting to overthrow the Germans.
Wonder: What dangers does the resistance movement pose to the citizens of Copenhagen? How are the Germans going to punish these resistance fighters if they are ever caught?

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Three years they've been in our country, and still can't speak our language...pg 3
Observe: The occupier refused to learn the language used by the defeated.
Notice: Annemarie looks at them with disdain as the soldiers are not able to speak her language.
Wonder: Do the soldiers look upon Danish as an inferior language? As with many conquerors of other countries, are they attempting to expecting the citizens to adopt their culture and language?

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De Frie Danske - The Free Danes - was an illegal newspaper; Peter Neilsen brought it to them occasionally, carefully folded and hidden... p.18

Observe: Peter was careful and taking some risks in delivering a copy of the illegal newspaper to the family.

Notice: There were legal and illegal newspapers which meant aboveboard and underground reporters, editors, printing press, etc. Freedom of speech did not exist. Legal mainstream papers would have advocated the ideals of the Nazis and reported only what was deemed desirable. Concerns, thoughts and opinions of the Jews / Danes would have been suppressed.

Wonder: Who is Peter Neilsen? Is he a Jew / a Dane? What would have been the consequences for anyone caught in possession of The Free Danes?

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Observe: Peter has changed in the years after Lise's death. (p.37)
Notice: His change in behaviour (leaving in a hurry, talking quickly) might be due to the changes during wartime, it is as if he is afraid of being caught.
Wonder: What was the reason behind his change in behaviour? Was it due to Lise's death or could it be something else? Was he being cautious due to the ongoing war?

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"Halte!" the soldier ordered in a stern voice. (p.2).

Observe: There is a soldier in the middle of town, that is unusual.
Notice: The soldier is addressing harmless schoolgirls running in the middle of town, as if he is going to reprimand them for breaking a rule.
Wonder: What sort of world is this set in, where soldiers give commands to girls in the middle of town? Is it wartime?