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While nearly all cultures exhibit physical displays of culture, the tribes of the Omo River Valley emphasize theirs most visibly, adorning their appearances with a variety of accessories, body markings, and ethnic traditions.

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Hamer, Bana, Mursi,
Suri, Kara, Dassanech,
Arbore, & Nyangatom

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"Mursi Boy's Breakfast" by Rod Waddington via Flickr is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0     https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/49749023146_4720bed263_b.jpg

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"Hamer tribe bull..." by www.j-picks.info via Flickr is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0     https://live.staticflickr.com/2890/12048423595_163afe8253_b.jpg

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"Hamer tribe bull jumping ceremony, Omo Valley, Ethiopia" by www.j-pics.info via Flickr is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0     https://live.staticflickr.com/7401

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The Hamer Tribe organizes bull jumping ceremonies for young men.

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"Ethiopia rel location map" by NordNordWest via Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0     https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Ethiopi

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Coming-of-age ceremony

Cattle dancers

Cattle breeders

Currency and trade

Drinking cow's blood

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"Mursi Woman" by Rod Waddington via Flickr is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0     https://live.staticflickr.com/8669/29962441073_5d4289feb6_b.jpg

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Set roles and responsibilities for women

Girls' confinement to attic for months

Boys' bull jumping ceremony

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"Cattle Lined Up" by David Stanley via Flickr is licensed under CC BY 2.0     https://live.staticflickr.com/2882/11747495164_a1d095ee0e_b.jpg

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"Cattle Dancer" by Rod Waddington via Flickr is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0     https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/49120775278_89c83a3860_b.jpg

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A female cattle dancer of the Bana tribe

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Appearances - Jewelry, Scars, Body Markings, Clothing

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Appearances - Jewelry, Scars, Body Markings, Clothing

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Lip plates = fertility and marriage (Mursi)

Scarification (Karo and Mursi)

Neck rings (Hamer)

Body paint (Suri)

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Duels for both young men and women

Men duel with wooden poles (dongen)

Women duel with bracelets (ulen)

High social significance

Planned months in advance

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"Hamer women" by Richard Mortel via Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC BY 2.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hamer_women_(11)_(29072685482).jpg

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"Hamer Tribe Women" by www.j-pics.info via Flickr is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC 2.0.       https://www.flickr.com/photos/j-pics_info/16375286632/in/photostream/

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No electricity or running water

Communities share 1-2 phones if any

AK-47s have been diffused from the war in Sudan

Donkeys and walking are main transportation

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SPIN Staff. (2015, July 13). Live Aid: The terrible truth. SPIN. Retrieved November 15, 2022, from https://www.spin.com/2015/07/live-aid-the-terrible-truth-ethiopia-bob-geldof-feature/

Turton, D. A. (1973). The social organization of the Mursi: A pastoral tribe of the Lower Omo Valley, South West Ethiopia. Mursi Online. Retrieved November 15, 2022, from https://www.mursi.org/pdf/social-organisation-of-the-mursi.pdf

Turton, D. (2022). Introducing the Mursi: overview (J. Stevenson, Ed.). Mursi Online. Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://www.mursi.org/introducing-the-mursi/Body%20Decoration/lip-plates

'What will happen if hunger comes?': Abuses against the indigenous peoples of Ethiopia's lower Omo Valley. (2012, June 18). Human Rights Watch. Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://www.hrw.org/report/2012/06/18/what-will-happen-if-hunger-comes/abuses-against-indigenous-peoples-ethiopias

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Multiple dams upriver that block water supply

Lower water levels

Desire land for crops

"Reduce cattle numbers, settle in one place, lose access to the river"

Threatening food security

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Ethiopia, Banna tribe. (n.d.). Atlas of Humanity. Retrieved November 15, 2022, from https://www.atlasofhumanity.com/banna

Hack, S. (2012, January 3). Customs of the Omo. Condé Nast Traveler. Retrieved November 15, 2022, from https://www.cntraveler.com/stories/2012-01-03/customs-of-the-omo-tribes-ethiopia-omo-river-valley

Hamer bull jumping ceremony. (n.d.). Brilliant Ethiopia. Retrieved November 15, 2022, from https://www.brilliant-ethiopia.com/hamer-bull-jumping-ceremony

Kopanja, J. (2019, October 30). The Mursi tribe and lip-plates. International Cultural and Diversity Organization. Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://www.icdo.at/the-mursi-tribe-and-lip-plates/

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Mattanovich, T. (2007, October 2). A European in Ethiopia (Interview by A. M. Jones) [Transcript]. No Water-No Life. Retrieved November 15, 2022, from https://nowater-nolife.org/an-immigrant-to-ethiopia/

McCarthy, A. (2017, October 30). Up close with the tribes of Ethiopia's imperiled Omo Valley. The New York Times. Retrieved November 15, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/30/travel/omo-valley-ethiopia-eco-tourism.html

Nagpal, R. (2020, July 8). Through the lense: Meet the tribes of Ethiopia's Omo Valley. Travel and Leisure India. Retrieved November 15, 2022, from https://www.travelandleisureindia.in/featured/tribes-of-ethiopia/#:~:text=These%20eight%20tribes%20of%20Ethiopia,about%202%2C00%2C000%20people%20combined.

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