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DEFINE CALL: acronym? technologies used in CALL instruction?

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DEFINE CALL: acronym? technologies used in CALL instruction?

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Acronym : Computer-asssited-language-learning
Technologies used in CALL : Computers with programmed languages to be learned

2 fields: technology + learning of second and foreign language

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Theoritical Basis of CALL Instruction Design

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Theoritical Basis of CALL Instruction Design

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Behaviorist Approach from the psychology field (Skinner) - 1960 early 1970: Happens through: repetition, drills, and memorization.

Communicative Approach: Focus on using the language and the interaction between learners in authentic situations. The aim is to produce content. The computer remains the tutor, not the teacher (which is a criticism).

Integrative approach: Teachers facilitated communicative, content, and task-based learning while attending to different learning styles. With a wide repertoire of techniques and powerful technology tools, students engaged in collaborative learning, communicated with authentic audiences, and engaged in interactions and prone the students to produce and enhance their understanding.

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Higher motivation
Individualized speed/rhythm
Values student autonomy
Values student-centered approach

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Criticisms and problems of CALL instruction

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Criticisms and problems of CALL instruction

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Access to technology for all students

The higher cost to have access to the tools

Cultural Missunderstanding

Lack of Trained Teachers

Wi-Fi Connecion lacking in schools

Inhability to handle unexpected situations, or technology problems.

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According to Stevens(1989), there are  three principles relevant to the creation and selection of humanistic CALL

1-Intrinsic motivation
2- interactivity,
3- eclecticism

Teachers developer could create their own programs to fit the different needs of their students.

Computer simulation software such as Oregon Trail (2001) began to be used as a stimulus for discussion, collaboration, writing, and critical thinking. It was not solely the software that was important but rather how teachers and students utilized the software.

Powerful applications like spreadsheets, word
processors, telecommunication networks, and
electronic databases Were strongly introduced with personal computers.

Taylor and Gitski (2004, p. 126) described the computer as a tool during this era: “The multimedia networked computer promoted interactivity with materials, people, and learning environments beyond the immediate classroom" .

“part library, part publishing house, part
telephone, part interactive television"

"The perfect tool for content based instruction to
train the next generation to communicate in a
second language and that the
learning needed to be in the context of specific
fields of specialization."

"Using free programs, students have a means
to upload their own slideshows with the narration files intact to URL sites, thereby creating an online slideshow that can be shared with classmates, the instructor or a broader audience
in their fields of interest."

"Web-based tools can also be used for
particular skills practice and development in
a communicative way. For example, podcasts are especially effective for speaking on a specific topic while practicing
oral production."

"Teachers can create slideshows with narration features to give visual and oral explanations of information,
address key concepts of assigned readings,
or provide vocabulary and language explanations."

"One major challenge for CALL practitioners is the need to harness the vast assortment of technology resources in a manner that capitalizes on the opportunities they present to meet pedagogical expectations."

"it is incumbent upon today’s
second language teachers to understand the
theories and principles that form the theoretical
underpinnings of CALL, keep abreast of and
critically evaluate the new and ever-changing
technologies, and enlist technology as a partner
to provide the most effective pedagogy and
learning environments for language learners."