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Chlamydia is one of the most common STI's in the world. It affects about 4.2% of women and 2.7% of men worldwide. Chlamydia is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia Trachomatis. Chlamydia is responsible for the most infection-related blindness worldwide. The infection causes an ocular infection called "trachoma" which ultimately ends in blindness.

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Symptoms of Chlamydia typically take about 1-3 weeks after contact to begin presenting. About 75% of women and 50% of men do not even know that they have contracted the infection due to the fact that most infected individuals present with little to no symptoms. This means that most people are not even aware that they have the infection and are not aware that they are passing it along to someone else.

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Symptoms in Women Include:

-Abnormal vaginal discharge that may have an odor

-Bleeding between periods

-Painful periods

-Abdominal pain with fever

-Painful intercourse

-Itching or burning in or around the vagina

-Painful urination

Symptoms in Men Include:

-Small amounts of clear or cloudy discharge coming from the end of the penis

-Painful urination

-Pain or itching around the opening of the penis

-Pain and swelling around the testicles

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Chlamydia can be detected following a few tests performed by a doctor. Doctors will often times obtain a swab either from the urethra on the male and the cervix on the female. The swab is then sent to a lab for analysis. The last test includes obtaining a urine sample to determine the presence of the bacteria in the patient's urine. A thorough physical exam will often times be performed along side the other listed methods.

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Chlamydia is a curable infection. Due to the fact that it is a bacteria doctors can treat it with antibiotics. Oral antibiotics are commonly prescribed. Azithromycin (Zithromax) or Doxycycline are two common antibiotics used to treat patient's who have Chlamydia. Doctor's also recommend that your partner begin treatment for the disease as well to prevent the risk of infection and to decrease the spread of the disease.

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For women if Chlamydia is left untreated they can develop Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, which can cause damage to the fallopian tubes. It can cause infertility and can also increase the risk of ectopic pregnancies. Chlamydia can even cause premature births.

For men who have Chlamydia it can cause an infection of the epididymis(tube that carries sperm away from testes). It can also cause proctitis(inflammation of the rectum).

Both men and women can develop a condition called nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) which is an infection of the urethra.

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C. trachomatis is primarily transmitted to newborns via exposure to an infected mother's genital flora during vaginal birth. The child is at risk for acquiring C. trachomatis which usually presents as conjunctivitis or pneumonia. The implementation of routine screening and treatment of pregnant women has dramatically reduced the incidence of perinatally acquired C. trachomatis in the United States. Some studies have even linked Chlamydia to being at a higher risk for miscarriage. Treatment for Chlamydia during pregnancy is treated with antibiotics.