# data[].attributes.body
The “San Francisco Renaissance” is the name given to the emergence of writers and artists in the Bay Area at the end of World War II. It was not a single movement, but rather a collage of many different communities that migrated to San Francisco during the postwar era seeking out the remnants of bohemian culture in America.

# data[].attributes.body
Modernism is a period of artistic, musical, and philosophical change that occurred in America's early parts of the twentieth century. It was a movement that aimed to align the arts with growing societal beliefs and values that were prevalent in modernized and industrialized society. Characteristics of modernist writing are a rejection of traditional forms, a focus on the individual experience, the use of symbolism, and experimentation with form.

# data[].attributes.body
The Beat Movement was a social and literary movement that originated in the 1950s and centered around bohemian artists and their communities in San Francisco, New York, and Los Angeles. Although "beat" originally meant weary or tired, the definition used by the group was refashioned to connote the musical sense of the word and spirituality. As they were also known, Beatniks expressed alienation from the conventional and mainstream society by adopting a detached persona, a uniform dressing style, and jargon or vocabulary from jazz musicians.

# data[].attributes.body
-Experimental form and style.

-Spontaneity and improvisation.

-Themes of alienation and discontent.

-Social critique and activism.

-Exploration of alternative spiritualities.

-Embrace of countercultural values.

# data[].attributes.body
Some of the major writers involved in the San Francisco Renaissance included Rexroth, William Everson, Jack Spicer, Robin Blaser, and Michael McClure. Though more associated with the Black Mountain movement, Robert Duncan introduced many of the central figures of the San Francisco Renaissance to each other while teaching poetry workshops at San Francisco State College. This loosely bound group often gathered in Rexroth’s home for frequent discussions on literature, politics, and theology. Others followed Spicer into bars and parks to hear his fierce opinions on poetry and publishing.

# data[].attributes.body
Was a prominent poet, essayist, and translator associated with the San Francisco Renaissance and known for his innovative and diverse body of work. His poetry often reflects a deep engagement with nature, spirituality, and social justice issues, while also displaying a mastery of form and language.

# data[].attributes.body
Kenneth Rexroth, one of the central figures of the San Francisco Renaissance, described the era’s prevailing attitudes: “This is the world in which over every door is written the slogan: ‘The generation of experiment and revolt is over. Bohemia died in the twenties. There are no more little magazines.’"

# data[].attributes.body
Rexroth became a reluctant godfather to the Beat Movement, which grew out of the San Francisco Renaissance. In 1953, Allen Ginsberg arrived at Rexroth’s door bearing a letter of introduction from William Carlos Williams. Two years later, in October 1955, Rexroth curated a legendary reading that featured this new crowd—all unknown poets at the time—including McClure, Ginsberg, Gary Snyder, Philip Whalen, and Philip Lamantia. Ginsberg captivated the audience that evening with a powerful reading of an early draft of “Howl.”

# data[].attributes.body
Academy of American Poets. (2004, 28 mayo). A Brief Guide to the San Francisco Renaissance. Poets.org. https://poets.org/text/brief-guide-san-francisco-renaissance

San Francisco Renaissance: Timeline & Poets | StudySmarter. (s. f.). StudySmarter UK. https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/english-literature/american-literary-movements/san-francisco-renaissance/