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**Lesson Title:** Exploring the Present Perfect Tense

**Objective:** By the end of this lesson, students will be able to understand and use the present perfect tense in various contexts.

**Materials Needed:**
- Whiteboard and markers (or a digital whiteboard)
- Handouts with exercises
- Projector (optional for digital resources)

**Lesson Outline:**

**Introduction (5 minutes):**
1. Begin by discussing with the students what they know about tenses. Ask if they can name some tenses they have learned previously.

**Presentation (10 minutes):**
2. Write the sentence "I have eaten breakfast" on the board.
3. Ask students if they can identify the tense of the sentence. Explain that it's in the present perfect tense.
4. Discuss the basic structure of the present perfect tense: Subject + "have/has" + past participle (e.g., eaten).
5. Provide a few more examples on the board, both positive and negative sentences.
- She has visited London.
- We haven't finished our homework.
- Have you ever traveled by plane?

**Practice (10 minutes):**
6. Hand out worksheets or display sentences on the board. Ask students to convert sentences from simple past tense to present perfect. For example, "I visited Paris last year" becomes "I have visited Paris."
7. Pair or group students and ask them to create sentences using the present perfect tense based on prompts you provide.

**Application (5 minutes):**
8. Show a short video clip or share a story where the present perfect tense is used. Ask students to identify examples of the present perfect tense in the video or story.
9. Discuss the importance of using the present perfect tense in real-life situations, such as when talking about experiences or actions with a connection to the present.

**Review (3 minutes):**
10. Summarize the main points of the lesson and ask if there are any questions.

**Wrap-up (2 minutes):**
11. Give students a small quiz or exercise to complete individually. This can be a few sentences where they need to choose the correct form of the present perfect tense.

**Conclusion (0-2 minutes):**
12. Review the answers to the quiz, providing explanations as needed.

**Homework (optional):**
Assign exercises from the textbook or online resources for further practice with the present perfect tense.

Remember to adapt the lesson to your students' needs and pace. Encourage participation and questions throughout the lesson to ensure understanding.

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Questions:
1. What is racism?
A. The belief that one race is superior to another.
B. The belief that all races are equal.
C. The belief that one race is inferior to another.
D. The belief that race does not matter.

2. What are some consequences of racism?
A. Division between people.
B. Perpetuation of harmful stereotypes.
C. Unfair treatment in areas such as education, employment, housing, and healthcare.
D. All of the above.

3. What is the difference between overt and subtle racism?
A. Overt racism is intentional, while subtle racism is unintentional.
B. Overt racism is unintentional, while subtle racism is intentional.
C. Overt racism is based on stereotypes, while subtle racism is not.
D. There is no difference between overt and subtle racism.

4. What is systemic racism?
A. Racism that is embedded in institutions and structures.
B. Racism that is only perpetuated by individuals.
C. Racism that is intentional.
D. Racism that is based on stereotypes.

5. How can we work towards a world that is free from racism?
A. Through education, awareness, and action.
B. By ignoring racism and hoping it goes away.
C. By only speaking out against overt racism.
D. By perpetuating harmful stereotypes.

6. What is the author's attitude towards racism?
A. Indifferent.
B. Critical.
C. Positive.
D. Negative.

7. What is the main message of the text?
A. Racism is a problem that has plagued society for centuries.
B. Racism creates division, perpetuates harmful stereotypes, and is embedded in systemic structures.
C. It is up to all of us to work towards a world that is free from racism, discrimination, and prejudice.
D. All of the above.

Correct answers:
1. A
2. D
3. A
4. A
5. A
6. D
7. B

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1. The video discusses the controversy surrounding the new Lord of the Rings series and its diverse cast. While some fans are upset about the inclusion of black actors playing elves and dwarves, others argue that it's important to have representation in popular media. The video also explores the challenges of adapting a beloved book series for television and the pressure to stay true to the source material. Additionally, the video examines the role of social media in shaping public opinion and the impact of online harassment on creators and fans. Finally, the video offers insights from industry experts on the future of diversity in Hollywood and the importance of telling diverse stories.

2. Amazon has suspended reviews of its new Lord of the Rings series on Rotten Tomatoes for 72 hours to prevent internet trolls from bringing down their score. The show's diverse cast, which includes black actors playing elves and dwarves, has upset some fans who say it's unrealistic for Tolkien's creatures to be non-white. The comedian Trevor Noah discusses the controversy and shares his opinion on the matter. He argues that while everyone wants diversity in the shows that we create, it's a bit unrealistic to say that there were black people in this white guy's imagination. Apart from the racism thing, he agrees that it doesn't make sense to have black characters in Lord of the Rings.

3. Amazon has suspended reviews of its new Lord of the Rings series on Rotten Tomatoes for 72 hours to prevent legitimate criticism of the show. The show's diverse cast, which includes black actors playing elves and dwarves, has upset some fans who say it's unrealistic for Tolkien's creatures to be non-white. The comedian Trevor Noah discusses the controversy and shares his opinion on the matter. He argues that everyone wants diversity in the shows that we create and it's not unrealistic to say that there were black people in this white guy's imagination. Apart from the racism thing, he disagrees that it doesn't make sense to have black characters in Lord of the Rings.

Correct answers:
2

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1. Do you think it's important to have diversity in TV shows and movies?
2. Have you ever been upset about a casting decision in a movie or TV show? Why?
3. How do you feel about people leaving negative reviews for a show or movie based on its casting choices?
4. Do you think it's important for movies and TV shows to be realistic?
5. Have you ever made a joke that offended someone? What did you do about it?

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Racism

Racism is a problem that has plagued society for centuries. It is the belief that one race is superior to another, and it can lead to discrimination, prejudice, and even violence. Racism can be overt or subtle, intentional or unintentional, but regardless of its form, it has no place in our world.

One of the most significant consequences of racism is that it creates division between people. When people are judged based on their skin color, ethnicity, or nationality, it can create animosity and distrust. This can cause people to feel isolated, marginalized, and excluded from society. Racism can also lead to unfair treatment in areas such as education, employment, housing, and healthcare. For example, studies have shown that black Americans are more likely to receive lower-quality healthcare than white Americans. This is unacceptable and needs to change.

Another consequence of racism is the perpetuation of harmful stereotypes. Stereotypes are generalizations about groups of people based on their race, ethnicity, or nationality. These stereotypes can be negative and hurtful, and they can lead to discrimination and prejudice. For example, the stereotype that all Asians are good at math can lead to expectations that Asian students will excel in math, which can put pressure on them and lead to feelings of inadequacy if they do not perform well.

It is important to acknowledge that racism is not just an individual problem; it is also a systemic issue. Systemic racism refers to the ways in which racism is embedded in institutions and structures, such as the criminal justice system, education, and healthcare. For example, black Americans are more likely to be arrested and sentenced to longer prison terms than white Americans, even when they commit the same crime. This is evidence of systemic racism, and it needs to be addressed at a structural level.

In conclusion, racism is a complex issue that affects individuals, communities, and societies. It creates division, perpetuates harmful stereotypes, and is embedded in systemic structures. It is up to all of us to work towards a world that is free from racism, discrimination, and prejudice. This can be achieved through education, awareness, and action. We must stand together and speak out against racism in all its forms. Only then can we create a world where everyone is treated with dignity and respect, regardless of their race, ethnicity, or nationality.

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Skybox AI: One-click 360° image generator from Blockade Labs

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Quiz Questions:
1. What did Sarah and her friends do after they arrived at the park?
a) They spread out a blanket and had a picnic.
b) They played soccer.
c) They watched ducks swimming in the pond.
d) They went for a walk around the park.

2. What was the score of the soccer game?
a) 3-0
b) 2-1
c) 3-2
d) 1-1

3. What did Sarah and her friends see in the park?
a) Colorful flowers in the garden
b) Squirrels climbing trees
c) Ducks swimming in the pond
d) All of the above

4. How would you describe the weather during Sarah's day at the park?
a) Rainy
b) Snowy
c) Sunny with a gentle breeze
d) Windy

5. What did Sarah and her friends do when the sun started to set?
a) They went for a walk around the park.
b) They packed up their things and said goodbye to the park.
c) They played soccer.
d) They had a picnic.

Answer Key:
1. a) They spread out a blanket and had a picnic.
2. c) 3-2
3. d) All of the above
4. c) Sunny with a gentle breeze
5. b) They packed up their things and said goodbye to the park.

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Spiral Review for Topics: Fractions

1. Problem: Simplify the fraction 4/8 to its simplest form.
2. Problem: Add the fractions 1/4 and 3/8.
3. Problem: Subtract the fractions 5/6 and 1/3.
4. Problem: Multiply the fractions 2/5 and 3/7.
5. Problem: Divide the fractions 2/3 and 4/5.

I hope these problems help reinforce your understanding of fractions. Keep up the great work!

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Student Work Feedback:

Areas of Strength:
- The student demonstrates an understanding of using the present perfect tense.
- The student incorporates time expressions in their sentences.
- The student uses a variety of verbs in their sentences.

Areas for Growth:
- The verb form in the first sentence should be "have been" instead of "have be."
- The second sentence is missing a time expression. Consider adding a specific time frame to make the sentence more precise.
- In the third sentence, the verb form should be "washed" instead of "has washed" since the time expression "yesterday" indicates a completed action in the past.

General Feedback on Writing Mechanics:
- Remember to capitalize the first letter of a sentence.
- Be mindful of subject-verb agreement to ensure proper verb usage.

Overall, great effort! Keep working on your verb form and adding more specific time expressions to strengthen your sentences. Also, pay attention to grammar and capitalization for a polished piece of writing. Well done!

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Objective: Students will be able to use the present perfect tense correctly in sentences.

Assessment: Students will complete a worksheet where they have to fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the present perfect tense.

Key Points:
- The present perfect tense is used to talk about actions or events that started in the past and have a connection to the present.
- The present perfect tense is formed using the auxiliary verb "have" and the past participle of the main verb.
- Regular verbs form the past participle by adding "-ed" to the base form of the verb.
- Irregular verbs have unique past participle forms that need to be memorized.
- The present perfect tense is often used with time expressions such as "just," "already," "yet," and "since."

Opening: Begin the lesson by showing a short video clip of people talking about their recent experiences. Ask the students to listen carefully and identify any sentences that use the present perfect tense. Discuss their findings as a class and ask students why they think the present perfect tense was used in those sentences.

Introduction to New Material: Explain to the students that today they will be learning about the present perfect tense. Write the main objective on the board and explain its importance in everyday communication. Provide examples of sentences in the present perfect tense and highlight the key points mentioned above. Anticipate a common misconception that students may think the present perfect tense is the same as the simple past tense and clarify the difference.

Guided Practice: Divide the students into pairs and provide them with a list of sentences in the simple past tense. Instruct them to rewrite the sentences using the present perfect tense. Circulate the classroom to monitor their progress and provide guidance as needed. After they have finished, have a class discussion, asking different pairs to share their answers and explain their choices.

Independent Practice: Provide each student with a worksheet that contains sentences with missing verbs. Instruct them to fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the present perfect tense. Emphasize the importance of using the correct past participle form for irregular verbs. Allow students to work independently, but be available to answer any questions or provide assistance.

Closing: As a closing activity, have students form small groups and give each group a list of sentences in the present perfect tense. Instruct them to summarize the main idea or theme of each sentence. Ask a representative from each group to share their summaries with the class.

Extension Activity: For students who finish early, provide them with a short reading passage that contains examples of the present perfect tense. Instruct them to underline or highlight all the sentences that use the present perfect tense and write a short paragraph explaining the connection between the past and present in each sentence.

Homework: Assign students to write a paragraph about their own experiences using the present perfect tense. Encourage them to include a variety of regular and irregular verbs and to use time expressions appropriately.

Standards Addressed:
1. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.9-10.1.B: Use various types of phrases (noun, verb, adjectival, adverbial, participial, prepositional, absolute) and clauses (independent, dependent; noun, relative, adverbial) to convey specific meanings and add variety and interest to writing or presentations.
2. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.9-10.1.C: Use a variety of sentence structures (including simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex) to convey specific meanings and add variety and interest to writing or presentations.