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A scrim is a material placed between your light source and your subject that either reduces light or diffuses (and reduces) light.

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A reflector is a photography tool used to redirect light to a subject or scene. I

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Contrasting colors between your background and your subject can emphasize your focal point.

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In Photoshop, a clipping mask is a powerful tool that allows us to control the visibility of a layer based on the shape of another layer.

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The Transform feature allows users to alter their object or selection in a variety of ways, such as scale, rotate, distort, or flip (mirror).

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Kerning is the spacing between individual letters or characters.

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These tools are designed to assist users in defining and refining the selected portion of the canvas.

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The tool does exactly as its name implies: It sharpens up any image that is blurry or unclear.

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The Blur tool allows you to paint blur effect on specific areas of an image.

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The Burn tool darkens areas of an image.

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The Dodge tool allows you to lighten specific areas of your image without affecting hue or saturation.

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The sponge tool in Photoshop works on color saturation. It can either saturate a color or desaturate a color.

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The Smudge tool simulates a brush smearing wet paint. The brush picks up color where the stroke begins and pushes it in the direction you swipe or nudge it.

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The Crop tool removes the part of an image surrounding the selection.

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Select the Crop Tool ( ) from the Tools Palette. A crop box will appear around the edges of your image.

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The Paint Bucket tool allows you to select a color or texture and apply it to a model face.

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The Gradient Tool creates a gradual blend between multiple colors. You can choose from preset gradient fills or create your own.Gradient Tool

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The Horizontal Type tool allows you to add horizontal text to your images. Select the Horizontal Type tool (T) .

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he rectangular marquee tool in Photoshop, of course, enables you to create selections of rectangular shapes, but there is a related tool called the elliptical marquee tool, that enables you to create selections that, of course, have elliptical or even circular shapes.

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The Rectangular Marquee tool makes a selection in the shape of a rectangle. Select the Rectangular Marquee tool (M) .

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The Quick Selection tool allows you to quickly and easily select one area or section of an image.

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The Polygonal Lasso Tool creates selections with straight edges.

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The Magic Wand tool automatically selects an object or area of your image, using machine learning to discern what you might be trying to select.

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The Lasso tool is helpful for drawing a free-form border around a selected object within an image.

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The Brush tool allows you to paint on any layer, much like a real paintbrush.

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The Hand tool allows you to move your image while you're zoomed in to more than 100% and part of the image is out of view.

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The Healing Brush and Patch tools allow you fix imperfections, like scratches, wrinkles, dust spots, etc., causing them to disappear into the surrounding image.

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The Spot Healing Brush tool magically removes unwanted spots, marks, or small objects in your image.

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Select the Clone Stamp tool and hold the Option key (on Mac) or the Alt key (on Windows) to bring up the crosshairs. Click the area with your cursor that you want to serve as the sample point for your brush when you do your touch-up.

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SOOC is an abbreviation of the photography term “Straight Out Of Camera”,

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These two acronyms are often used interchangeably although they do have different meanings. PPI (Pixels Per Inch) refers display resolution, or, how many individual pixels are displayed in one inch of a digital image. DPI (Dots Per Inch) refers to printer resolution, or, the number of dots of ink on a printed image.

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Resolution is the amount of image data in a given space.

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An aspect ratio is a proportional relationship between an image's width and height.

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To “crop” an image is to remove or adjust the outside edges of an image (typically a photo) to improve framing or composition, draw a viewer's eye to the subject, or change the size or aspect ratio.

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The options bar is right underneath the menu bar.

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The menu bar runs along the top of the screen on your Mac.

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There are two ways to set your white balance with a gray card: First, you can set your camera's custom white balance.

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Exposure compensation basically helps you override automatic exposure adjustments your camera makes in situations with uneven light distribution, filters, non-standard processing, or underexposure or overexposure.

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The vertical space between lines of type is called leading. Leading is measured from the baseline of one line of text to the baseline of the line above it.

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To apply a stroke, select the text layer in the Layers panel, then go to Layer > Layer Style > Stroke. You can also access this option by right-clicking on the text layer and choosing "Layer Style > Stroke." This feature works with any font in Photoshop.

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What is the Patch Tool? The Patch tool is one of the most used and most helpful tools for photo editors. If you want to remove something distracting from the background of an image or even out an area that appears irregular, such as acne on a model's face, you're going to want to use this tool.

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The move tool allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys.

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Contrast is the range of brightness, from lightest to darkest, in an image.

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Vibrance is a little more specific. It saturates the parts of a photo that aren't that colorful. This allows every color to stand out without making the composition look too busy.

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Hue refers to the dominant wavelength of light that the human eye interprets as color, but you can think of it as the basic color on the color wheel.

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Color balance changes the overall mixture of colors in an image and is used for color correction.

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Saturation describes the intensity of the color. And lightness refers to how light or dark the color is.

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Advanced Photo System type-C (APS-C) is an image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System film negative in its C ("Classic") format, of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2 and Ø 30.15 mm field diameter.

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A full-frame camera is a camera with a full-frame sensor.

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The crop factor is sometimes referred to as "magnification factor", "focal length factor" or "focal length multiplier".

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Layer masking is a nondestructive way to hide parts of an image or layer without erasing them.

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Post-processing encompasses every change you make to a video or photo after you download the RAW file to your computer. 

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A thumbnail is a small image representation of a larger image, usually intended to make it easier and faster to look at or manage a group of larger images.

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Photo metadata is a set of data describing and providing information about rights and administration of an image.

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DSLR is a term that's become synonymous with digital cameras, but a digital single-lens reflex camera (notable for allowing interchangeable lenses on the same camera body) is just one type of digital camera.

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Vibration Reduction (VR) is an image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake.

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A fisheye lens is an ultra-wide-angle lens that is designed for shooting wide angles generally 180 degrees.

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Telephoto photography is a type of photography that brings distant subjects closer with the use of long focal lengths.

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a fixed focal length photographic lens (as opposed to a zoom lens), typically with a maximum aperture from f2. 8 to f1. 2.

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A macro lens is a special type of camera lens that has the ability to work with very short focusing distances, taking sharp images of very small subjects.

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The last hour before sunset and the first hour after sunrise are coveted by professional photographers

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It is that moment just before sunrise or after sunset when the sun dips below the horizon.

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A triadic color scheme uses three colors that are evenly spaced around the color wheel.

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Double exposure photography is a technique that layers two different exposures on a single image, combining two photographs into one.

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In photography, HDR stands for high dynamic range. Dynamic range is simply the range of the lightest tones to the darkest tones within a photo.

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PSD files are the native file format of Adobe Photoshop. You've probably seen files with the .

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JPEG files (or JPG files) are a type of raster image file format that uses compression to store data, and has the file extension .

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PNG is short for Portable Network Graphic, a type of raster image file.

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RAW files contain uncompressed and unprocessed image data, allowing photographers to capture practically every detail they see in their viewfinder.

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A file format is a standard way that information is encoded for storage in a computer file.

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The tool palette of Adobe Photoshop contains different types of tools that can be used to edit and enhance the quality of the image by the user.

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The Tools panel, where you'll select different tools for editing images.

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Go up to the Window menu, choose Workspace, and then choose New Workspace.

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shows how much your set exposure values deviate from the levels the camera believes are optimal,

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you take exactly the same picture of your subject at several different exposures.

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An AF point is a specific part of the frame where the camera is able to focus on something.

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a chemical process that converts the metallic silver in the emulsion of a photographic print into a silver sulfide compound.

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a darker border - sometimes as a blur or a shadow - at the periphery of photos.

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Highlights are the lightest elements in an image

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The Tonal Range That Lies Between The Extreme Highlights And Shadows, Lending A Sense Of Depth, Dimension, And Naturalness To A Photograph.

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the dark areas where a light source is blocked by an object.

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Evaluative metering is the default metering mode on most cameras.

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Center-weighted metering uses the center of the frame to base the exposure on.

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Partial metering covers only the centre 6.2% of the frame in the viewfinder, thus providing precise metering only for the subject.

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The most precise of the metering modes, spot metering evaluates light around the chosen focus point or centre of the frame.

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if the light in an average scene being photographed is averaged out, it will produce an 18% gray tone (neutral).

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Just like with sound, where noise refers to auditory disruptions, in photography, the term digital noise refers to visual distortion.

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Film grain is the visible silver crystals in a film negative's emulsion.

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An image sensor is a device that allows the camera to convert photons – that is, light – into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the device.

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The ASA (American Standards Association) scale is an arbitrary rating of film speed;

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ISO Sensitivity is a standard set by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that represents sensitivity to light as a numerical value.

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a shooting mode in still cameras where several photos are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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Panning is a photographic technique that combines a slow shutter speed with camera motion to create a sense of speed around a moving object.

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the art of creating photos by setting long exposure times on a camera and using a moving light source to “paint.”

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photographing of a slow and continuous process at regular intervals, for projection at a higher speed.

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Long exposure photography is the name given to the technique in which the camera's shutter is left open during a somewhat lengthy period of time.

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Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images.

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A tripod has three legs (that's the “tri”). A monopod is a camera support with one leg (the “mono”).

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Motion blur is a long exposure photography technique that lets you convey the feeling of movement or action in a still image.

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Bulb Mode is an exposure setting that is used when seeking to use a shutter speed of more than 30 seconds.