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A picture of myself, happy, healthy and beautiful. 

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My name is Blessed. I was born in Zimbabwe, a country in Southern Africa. I migrated to Australia in 2017 with my husband and daughter to seek a better life.
To me, health means physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being. Being pain, stress and disease-free, being happy and able to make sound decisions, as well as having time to exercise my spirituality, is what constitutes health to me. Being part of a community and feeling accepted also constitutes being healthy to me.

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Traditional Zimbabwean herbal medicines 

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Traditional Zimbabwean herbal medicines 

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Searsia/ Rhus tenuinervis is a bush medicine found in Zimbabwe. Its roots are used in the treatment of chest pains and severe coughing. They can also be crushed into a powder and rubbed on cheek incisions to treat toothache.

Reference

Luka, K. (2022, November 3). Indigenous herbs in Zimbabwe: 21 Common traditional herbs. Klucky’s Nutrition Reviews. https://kluckysnutritionreviews.com/indigenous-herbs-in-zimbabwe/

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Zimbabwean people entertain themselves by engaging in different traditional dances and Isitshikitsha dance is one of them. These kinds of dances are also performed during weddings and other happy events.

Reference

Umkhathi Theatre Works. (2013). 1 Isitshikitsha. In YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NrsXpmQF4ss

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Competency standard 12.1 encourages healthcare workers to be self-aware and reflect on of their own culture inorder to be competent in providing the best care. I feel that this is important and as a nurse in future, working with people from Migrant and Refugee backgrounds, I will ensure that I educate myself on their cultural backgrounds, beliefs, and practices. I will achieve this by engaging in conversations with people from those communities, reading relevant literature, as well as attending any training within and outside the organisation I will be working for. This way, I can develop cultural competency and understand some health behaviours and how their culture impacts the health decisions they make. Having gained knowledge on different cultures through learning, I will use that knowledge as a reference point when reflecting on my practice, my beliefs, and my view of people from different cultures from my own. Reflection will form an integral part of my practice as it will give me an opportunity to think about things such as what I did right, what went wrong and how I can improve my interactions with people from different cultural backgrounds and address questions such as how I feel, which subsequently leads to self-awareness.

Reference

Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds COMPETENCY STANDARDS FRAMEWORK FOR CLINICIANS. (2019). https://cbrhl.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Culturally-responsive-clinica.pdf

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Afghanistan is a country in the south-central Asia. This country was affected by war for decades. On arrival in Australia, people from Afghanistan may be suffering from mental health issues such as trauma, post-traumatic stress disorders and depression.  Most people migrating from Afghanistan are likely to have been exposed to violence, displacement, poverty, starvation, and some form of abuse during the war that lasted for many years. People lost their loved ones in the war (Kovess-Masfety et al., 2021).

Treatment
One of the ways that are used to assist people with mental health issues is counselling. Mental Health professionals create a safe and private space for individuals to release their emotions and help them improve their coping skills. People with trauma and torture-related mental health problems are referred to specialised torture and trauma services (Australian Refugee Health» Primary Care for People of Refugee Backgrounds, 2016).

Malaria
Refugees from Afghanistan could also present with Malaria, which is a parasitic protozoal disease spread by mosquitoes. The most prevalent and harmful of the five kinds of human malarial parasites is Plasmodium falciparum. According to WHO, 2023, the third-highest malaria burden in the world is in Afghanistan with Plasmodium vivax (P.v.). responsible for 95% of malaria cases in Afghanistan, compared to 5% for Plasmodium falciparum (P.f.). It is also recorded that 76% of Afghans reside in risky areas (WHO, 2023).

Treatment

Patients suspected or confirmed to be infected with falciparum and can swallow are treated with artemether-lumefantrine (Riamet®), which is an oral artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) (Australian Refugee Health» Primary Care for People of Refugee Backgrounds, 2016)

Tuberculosis (TB and  LTBI)

Tuberculosis (TB) is still one of the serious public health issues Afghanistan is facing, with thousands of people dying from the infectious disease (WHO, 2023b).

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) an asymptomatic condition, can lead to active TB Refugee Health» Primary Care for People of Refugee Backgrounds, 2016).

Treatment

Isoniazid (10mg/kg up to 300mg daily) is the first line preventative treatment for LTBI and is administered for 6–9 months Refugee Health» Primary Care for People of Refugee Backgrounds, 2016).

References
Australian Refugee Health» Primary Care for People of Refugee Backgrounds. (2016). Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/

WHO. (2023a). Malaria. World Health Organization - Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. https://www.emro.who.int/afg/programmes/malaria-leishmaniasis.html

WHO. (2023b). Tuberculosis. World Health Organization - Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. https://www.emro.who.int/afg/programmes/stop-tuberculosis-stb.html

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In the days after Taliban forces took control of Afghanistan's capital city of Kabul, thousands have attempted to flee the country.

United Nations groups have warned of a humanitarian catastrophe. Women's rights groups, in particular, are uncertain of what Taliban rule will mean for the future of women and girls.

Afghans who are arriving in the U.S. will be coming to the Washington, D.C., area; Houston and Fort Worth, Texas; and Seattle and Tacoma, Wash.

Here's how you can help them and organizations on the ground in Afghanistan.

Volunteer to help resettled refugees: Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service is asking for volunteers to help refugees upon arrival with airport pickups, meal assistance, mentorship, tutoring and more. You can participate if you're in one of the areas where refugees are arriving, and there's a standby list to join for other areas too. You can also donate.

Take up a challenge: Women for Women International says a "generous member of our community" will match up to $500,000 in donations for its Afghanistan program.

Open your wallet: Consider donating to Women for Afghan Women, which says it is the largest women's group in Afghanistan; the International Refugee Assistance Project; and the Afghan Journalists Safety Committee, which works to protect journalists on the ground.

Email the White House: The International Rescue Committee has an email form through which you can urge the Biden administration to take immediate steps to ensure "vulnerable Afghans have pathways to safety." The group is also asking for donations.

Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.

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The Simple Steps You Can Take Right Now To Help Afghan Refugees

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The Pentagon has set a goal of evacuating 9,000 people a day from the country. Those coming to the U.S. need assistance, as do those remaining in Afghanistan.

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Art and crafts are a hobby as well as a means to earn a living in Zimbabwe.

Reference

Sen Nag, O. (2018, December 24). The Culture Of Zimbabwe. WorldAtlas. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-culture-of-zimbabwe.html

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Stone statues are some of the famous handicrafts of Zimbabwe.

The landlocked southern African nation of Zimbabwe hosts a population of 14,030,368 individuals. The country has a rich tradition and culture that reflects the ethnic diversity of its population.

7. Ethnicity, Language, and Religion of Zimbabwe

The Shona and the Ndebele are the largest ethnic groups residing in the country. English, Shona, and Ndebele are the official languages of Zimbabwe. Around 13 minority languages have also been given the official status. Most Zimbabweans adhere to Christianity with the majority being Protestant Christians.

6. Cuisine of Zimbabwe

Cornmeal is a staple of the Zimbabwean diet. It is used to make the porridge-like bota which is flavored with peanut butter or butter and had for breakfast. Sadza is also prepared from cornmeal and consumed for lunch or dinner. It is also similar to bota but thicker. Sadza is served with vegetables, meat, and beans. Meat can be stewed, roasted, grilled, or sundried. Boerewors, a type of pork or beef sausage, is eaten frequently. Chicken and rice meals are also widely consumed. Braaied (barbecued) meat is popular during celebrations. The influence of the British colonization can still be observed in the culinary habits of the Zimbabweans. They have tea at midday and the 4 o'clock tea as well. Occasionally, they also have tea after dinner.

5. Clothing in Zimbabwe

Today, most Zimbabweans wear modern, western-style clothing. Traditional clothes are worn on a daily-basis by only a small section of the population. Such dresses vary between ethnic groups. Usually, the dresses have bright colors and tribal patterns. Elaborate tribal headgears are often worn. Bright and showy beaded ornaments also accompany such dresses.

4. Literature and the Arts in Zimbabwe

Although Zimbabwe has a rich and age-old heritage of oral literature, written literary works were absent for most of the country's ancient history. It only developed after colonization of the land by the Europeans and the spread of the modern form of education in the country. The oral literature comprised of folk tales and legends, war stories and poems, heroic epics, historical accounts, etc. Many of the early writers of Zimbabwe made great efforts to produce the oral literature in the published form to preserve the country's history and culture for the future generations. Today, Zimbabwean writers and poets explore various literary genres and produce publications that are often praised internationally.

Traditional crafts in Zimbabwe include basketry, carving, jewelry, pottery, etc. Stools carved from a single piece of wood and woven baskets with symmetrical patterns are among the most famous handicrafts of the country. The sculptures made by the Shona people have earned worldwide fame. These sculptures are made of soapstone or other harder igneous rocks.

3. Performance Arts in Zimbabwe

The music scene of Zimbabwe is rich and varied. It ranges from folk music to pop and rock. Music has played a very significant role in the history of the country. Some of the traditional instruments used to produce the folk music of the country include hosho, ngoma drums, and mbira. Music has always been an integral part of the religious rites of the Zimbabweans and often used to call on ancestral spirits. Music also played an important role in portraying the people's desire for freedom from colonial rule. Zimbabwean jazz, sungura, Tuku music, Chimurenga music, etc., are some of the most popular musical genres in Zimbabwe.

2. Sports in Zimbabwe

Football is the most popular sport in the country. It is played both professionally and informally in the cities and villages throughout the nation. The national football team of Zimbabwe has won several international championships like the Southern Africa championship. Rugby and cricket are also popular sports played in Zimbabwe. The national rugby and cricket teams are quite successful. Other games played in the country include volleyball, netball, water polo, chess, cycling, squash, swimming, horse racing, kayaking, etc.

1. Life in the Zimbabwean Society

Although the Constitution of the country grants equal rights to both men and women, gender-based discrimination in the country is not uncommon. There are complaints that the law of the country is often more in favor of men than women, especially in areas of inheritance, marriage, and the conditions of part-time work. Although a significant section of the women in urban areas receive education and enter the workforce, those in rural areas are still confined to the traditional roles. Although both men and women take part in agricultural activities in the villages, women are also expected to perform the household chores and take care of the children. In urban areas, a significant percentage of women participate in the workforce. However, men predominate in the political and administrative fields.

Marriages in Zimbabwe are based on both individual choice and family arrangements. However, the former is growing in popularity. Polygamous marriages are not uncommon but are gradually decreasing in number due to the higher costs of maintaining more wives and children. Most ethnic groups are associated with patrilocal residence where the bride moves in with the husband's family. Matrilocal residence can be seen in the case of the Tonga people. In urban areas, nuclear families are more common. Brideprice is usually paid by the groom to the bride's family in exchange of their daughter. Divorces are not encouraged and often viewed as a stigma, especially for women.

Households vary in size from extended in rural areas to nuclear in the urban areas. In polygynous families, each wife lives with her children in a small dwelling within a large compound owned by the husband. Men usually rule the household. The eldest person in the family is also highly respected and his or her words are regarded as wise. A woman gathers respect as she ages and through her children. Inheritance is patrilineal in most cases and the property passes from the father to the sons.

Children are the primary responsibility of the mother. Other female relatives including older sisters also participate in childcare. Since children in the large Zimbabwean households are rarely alone, they learn social values, customs, and rituals from their family and community members from an early age. Gender-based tasks are taught to the girls and boys from the age of about seven or eight.

Education is valued but quality education is more easily accessible in urban than in rural areas. Also, fewer girls than boys receive the opportunity to complete school.

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The southern African nation of Zimbabwe has a rich culture and diverse culture. Learn more about the cuisine, language, arts, religion, etc. of Zimbabwe.

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Cornmeal served with chicken stew and Kale 

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Sadza (Cornmeal) is the staple food in Zimbabwe. It is a thick cornmeal porridge, rich in carbohydrates, that is mainly prepared for lunch or dinner. Sadza can be served with meat, vegetables, stews or beans. This 2-ingredient dish is easy to make and takes about 10 minutes to prepare.
Ingredients:
Mealie-meal
Boiling water.

Method:
1. Put boiling water in a pot and whisk in the mealie meal until its a paste.
2. Allow the paste to boil for about 7 minutes
3. Whisk in more mealie meal until thick.
4. Use a wooden spoon to break any lumps; continue until smooth.
5. Let it simmer for about 2 to 3 minutes.
6. Serve with a relish of your choice.

Reference

SADZA SERVED WITH HARD CHICKEN/ROAD RUNNER /BOILING CHICKEN STEW | World Recipes. (2020, September 9). https://worlds-recipes.online/sadza-served-with-hard-chicken-road-runner-boiling-chicken-stew-2/

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Boiled until tender and soft with salt and pepper then add a little bit of oil since it brings out its own while boiling then fry it until its browny add tomatoes and onions and seasoning of your choice i used chicken and all purpose seasonings let it simmer and its done.
Source: Margret Chibamu

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SADZA SERVED WITH HARD CHICKEN/ROAD RUNNER /BOILING CHICKEN STEW

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Boiled until tender and soft with salt and pepper then add a little bit of oil since it brings out its own while boiling then fry it until its browny add tomatoes and onions and seasoning of your choice i used chicken and all purpose seasonings let it simmer and its done.

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Music forms a huge part of the Zimbabwean culture, and this unique instrument is called the Mbira. It is played on various occasions, including traditional ceremonies such as rain-making ceremonies. The soothing sound of mbira is good for mental health.

References

Mbira Dambatsoko. (n.d.). Www.youtube.com. Retrieved October 2, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?embeds_referring_euri=https%3A%2F%2Frnow.today%2F&source_ve_path=Mjg2NjQsMTY0NTAz&feature=emb_share&v=66TRqLSZ1mQ

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One of the largest waterfalls in the world, also considered one of the world's wonders, is found in the town called Victoria Falls in Zimbabwe. People in Zimbabwe travel to this town for relaxation and rest from everyday life as well as to marvel at the beauty of the Victoria Falls.

References

Victoria Falls - Zimbabwe. (n.d.). Www.youtube.com. Retrieved October 2, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0LG5rOo_9w

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Social determinants for Immigrants and Refugees

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Social determinants for Immigrants and Refugees

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References

ABC News Perth. (2019, October 15). New Australians feel abandoned as they battle social isolation and unemployment | ABC News. Www.youtube.com. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lQpxjnHJi4I

Arora, A. (2022, July 21). Migrants and refugees can struggle to access healthcare in Australia. This is why. SBS News. https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/migrants-and-refugees-can-struggle-to-access-healthcare-in-australia-this-is-why/vko0lzq1e

Cherry, K. (2023, March 4). The Impact of Social Isolation on Mental Health. Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/the-impact-of-social-isolation-on-mental-health-7185458

Khadem, N. (2023, May 23). “Racism, discrimination and confiscated passports”. This is not a third world problem. This is common among migrants in Australia. ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-05-23/one-in-six-migrant-workers-paid-below-the-national-minimum-wage/102383332