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Dorsal: Refers to the back or posterior side of the body.

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Ventral: Refers to the front or anterior side of the body

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Superior: Positioned above or higher relative to another part.

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Inferior: Positioned below or lower relative to another part.

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Prone: Lying face down.

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Supine: Lying face up.

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Medial: Closer to the midline of the body.

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Lateral: Farther from the midline of the body.

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What's the Difference Between Lateral and Medial? (preview) - Human Anatomy | Kenhub

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Anatomical Position: The standard position of the body used as a reference: standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides with palms facing forward.

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Distal: Farther from the point of attachment or origin.

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Proximal: Closer to the point of attachment or origin.

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Transverse Plane: A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.

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Midsagittal Plane: Also known as the median plane, it divides the body into equal left and right halves

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Frontal Plane: A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections. It is also known as the coronal plane.

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Flexion: The action of decreasing the angle between two body parts, typically involving the bending of a joint. For example, bending the elbow or knee.

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Extension: The action of increasing the angle between two body parts, which typically involves straightening a joint. For example, straightening the elbow or knee after flexion.

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Pronation: The rotational movement of the forearm or hand such that the palm faces downward or backward. In the context of the foot, it refers to the rolling inward of the foot's arch.

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Supination: The rotational movement of the forearm or hand such that the palm faces upward or forward. In the context of the foot, it refers to the rolling outward of the foot's arch.

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Elevation: The movement that raises a body part vertically, such as shrugging the shoulders or raising the mandible.

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Depression: The movement that lowers a body part vertically, such as lowering the shoulders or moving the mandible downward.

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Internal Rotation: The rotation of a body part toward the midline of the body. For example, rotating the shoulder so that the arm moves toward the torso.

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External Rotation: Rotation of a joint away from the center of the body.

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Circumduction: Circular movement of a limb that combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, such as moving the arm in a circular motion.

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Plantar Flexion: Movement of the foot in which the toes point downward, increasing the angle between the foot and the leg.

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Dorsiflexion: Movement of the foot in which the toes are brought closer to the shin, decreasing the angle between the foot and the leg.