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This is a non-printed letter correlation. This is just the sounds that one thinks about or says in spoken words for syllables.  You are able to identify and manipulate the sounds that make up words. This is what gets you ready to read.  

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Activity one: The pop-up game.  With this you choose a word.  The word for this example is cat.  You would give one student the (c) sound, another (a) sound, and the third the (t) sound.  You would then ask the students to pop up one at a time with their sound and then the class would put those sounds together to form the word cat. You can modify this by having a child clap when a new sound is heard to have them follow along.

Activity two: Singing a familiar song like Wheels on the bus and saying the sounds of the word |c| |a| |t| the wheels on the bus all day long.

Activity at home: Singing twinkle twinkle little star.  Teaching a nursey rhyme can help enhance language development.

Website: https://www.readingrockets.org/literacy-home

Reading Rockets is a great website for families to get ideas on what they can do at home to encourage phonemic awareness. There is a question-and-answer section that parents can use and read.  They provide additional help for those who may be struggling as well.

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Phonics is tying the sounds to a letter or a group of letters. Decoding is how the letters make individual sounds in words. This is done before and can build up the fluency of words.   

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Activity one: When you have the letter |a| for your middle letter you say aaa.  If you add a |c| to the beginning and a |t| you have the word cat.  Now take away the |c| and add a |M| now you have the word, Mat.  You can have the students write on their whiteboard and come up with different words by replacing the first or last letter of the original word cat. A way to modify this lesson is to have someone write the letters on the whiteboard and have the child trace what was written.

Activity two: Have a list of words on a sheet of paper.  If you are working with the letter |a| have words like.  Cat, Bat, Hat, Mat, Can, Man, Ham. Have the student highlight the letters and say the sounds as they highlight the word.

At home activity: Have the parents point out objects in the home and have their child repeat.

Website: Reading 101 for Parents: Phonics and Decoding https://www.readingrockets.org/literacy-home/reading-101-guide-parents/reading-basics/phonics-and-decoding

Reading Rockets is a great website for families to get ideas on what they can do at home to encourage learning with phonics. This can help parents know what phonics is and give examples of what they can do at home to help their child learn this skill.

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Vocabulary is the knowledge of the meaning of words.  

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Activity one: Read a sentence and have the vocabulary word highlighted.  Ask the class if they know the meaning of the words. This gives the students who excel in vocab an example before the teacher tells them.  Then give them a synonym in place of the vocab word to see if they then can tie those together with prior knowledge. Once that is done, they can give the students the definition of the word.

Activity two: Fill in the blanks.  Have the students match the vocabulary word with the definition.  Those who need additional help you can read the definition to them and give the similar words to help with recognition.

At home activity: Give them a fun word search with the vocabulary words that they can do together with their parents.

Website: Reading Rockets with Parents https://www.readingrockets.org/literacy-home/reading-101-guide-parents/reading-basics/vocabulary

This website gives parents great information on how their children are learning vocabulary. Then they can tie these concepts from school to home.

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Fluency is when you can read with expression and effortlessly. They read as they sound when talking in a conversation. You are able to recognize words and can motivate you to read more.  

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Activity one: Putting together nursery rhymes. Use a familiar rhyme and have them memorize it.  Then you can cut out the words and have them put them in order and read aloud. For those who are gifted you can give them a new nursey rhyme to memorize and see how much they can reside from only one reading. For those who need additional help you can have them sing the rhyme to help with fluency.

Activity two: Add a timer for reading. Working on increasing the number of words that they can read in that time.  Can track it with a growth chart.

At home activity: Parents can read a familiar story and have their child read it back to them.

Website: Reading Rockets with Parents. https://www.readingrockets.org/literacy-home/reading-101-guide-parents/reading-basics/fluency

This website gives parents great information on how their children are learning fluency.  It gives examples of what to look for to help their child with fluency. Fluency will increase with practice and time.  It is good for parents to be involved and see their child grow with this skill.

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Comprehension Knowing how to say and the definition of a word.  Understanding the action of something.  

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Activity one: When saying a sentence or paragraph put your senses into the meaning.  If you are talking about the ocean.  Can you smell, feel, and taste what that might be like.  Referring to what you know prior can help you comprehend what the text is describing.

Activity two: Read a long. Start with a story that they can follow as someone reads aloud.  Then answer questions at the end.  Some students may not want another voice to read so they can turn that off and read themselves.  Others may need to read along for additional help.  The questions at the end are multiple choice.  You can answer as a group and put a check mark next to the correct answer.

At home activity: Have your child read you a story.  At the end have a conversation about what happened in the story, can even ask why do you think and what would be a different ending to the story.

Website: Reading 101 for Parents: Comprehension https://www.readingrockets.org/literacy-home/reading-101-guide-parents/reading-basics/comprehension

This is a great website to show parents how their children are comprehending what they read and gives them fun tools to continue this at home.