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Chapter 13: Causes of Substance Abuse Disorders 

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Chapter 13: Causes of Substance Abuse Disorders 

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In Chapter 13, Ainspan explores factors that play a role in substance abuse disorders. He specifically mentions military related cultural factors such as military events that promote unit cohesion, facilitate interpersonal communication, or celebrate group or personal victories as contributory to an acceptance of alcohol use within military culture (p. 146).

How do you think these types of events contribute to substance abuse prevalence in military members?

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In Bristol Chapter 1, we discussed how black soldiers were treated in the military during WW2, when reading, what were some things that stood out, what surprised you or didn't surprise you but was still notable?

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Chapter 13: Treating Substance Use Disorders in Veterans

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Chapter 13: Treating Substance Use Disorders in Veterans

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In Chapter 13, Ainspan lists 8 Evidence-Based Treatments for treating substance abuse disorders in Veterans (pp. 149-154). Choose one of the eight, summarize the treatment and explain your choice in relation to your future work with clients.

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Chapter 1: Expanding on Dorie Miller's Story

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Chapter 1: Expanding on Dorie Miller's Story

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Bristol describes Dorie Miller's service during WWII as an example of the patriotism of black service members in the pre-integration military. His story was included in the 2001 Michael Bay production, Pearl Harbor. However, the movie did not mention the fact that the Navy refused to release his name as the first African American recipient of the Navy Cross for twelve weeks and then only under pressure from media.

His story along with those of African American service members stationed in the Jim Crow era south are outrageous by today's standards. Only when need went beyond what the majority could supply, did military leaders consider allowing minority service members to perform duties for which they had been trained. How does this dark era of military history affect military members serving today?

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PearlHarborfan (Ed.). (2009, March 4). Pearl Harbor - Unsung Hero. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmmk41JEUW0 

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According to the Department of Defense, this is the racial breakdown of each branch of the US Armed Services. Notice the first line is the general US population. Is the breakdown surprising when compared to the general population of the US?

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The Office of Force Resiliency (OFR) deals with diversity, equal opportunity, personnel risk reduction, suicide prevention, and sexual assault prevention and response. It includes the Defense Suicide Prevention Office (DSPO), Office for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (ODEI), Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office (SAPRO), and oversees the Drug Demand Reduction Program (DDRP).

Explore their site which contains links to resources for crisis prevention in each of the above mentioned areas as well as the Annual Report on Suicide in the Military.

Does the military's definition of Resilience match yours?

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Office Of The Under Secretary of Defense For Personnel & Readiness | OFR

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The official website for the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness

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Chapter 14: Suicidal Behavior Among Military Personnel and Veterans

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Chapter 14: Suicidal Behavior Among Military Personnel and Veterans

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On page 159, Ainspan discusses suicide rates among US military personnel relative to the US general population. How does the information in the chapter match up with the data reported in the most recent Department of Defense annual report on suicide summarized in the above infographic?

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After watching this video what are your thoughts on people in power defending/dismissing white nationalism in the military?

Even though this video is only a year old, what are some other ways that racist ideologies have been shown in military society? Before or after this videos publication?

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GOP senator tries to clarify comments on White nationalists in the military

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Chapter 14: Treating Suicidal Military Personnel and Veterans

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Chapter 14: Treating Suicidal Military Personnel and Veterans

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In Chapter 14, Ainspan reports, "Results of a randomized controlled trial indicate that active duty military personnel with current suicidal ideation and/or a recent suicide attempt are 60% less likely to make a suicide attempt during the 2 years following treatment if they received Brief Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (BCBT) compared to military personnel who received standard mental health care (p. 163)." He goes on to describe BCBT interventions in three phases for military personnel. What components of the BCBT intervention plan described on pages 164-167 do you believe makes it so effective?

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Local News made National:  Navy Investigates Recent Sailor Suicides

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Local News made National:  Navy Investigates Recent Sailor Suicides

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The number of suicides among Active Duty Naval members in Newport News, Virginia has drawn media attention and the attention of lawmakers in Washington D.C.. In each case, it appears the Navy has neglected to provide adequate living conditions and access to mental health treatment leading to mental health crisis. In at least one case, the family has filed suit against not only the Navy but also Huntington Ingalls Industries for their failures, https://www.navytimes.com/news/your-navy/2024/07/18/family-of-aircraft-carrier-sailor-who-died-by-suicide-files-lawsuit/.

After reading the articles, do you believe the suicides could have been prevented? Why or why not? Should the Navy and HII be held responsible? Why? What role did the ship's leadership have in this tragedy? What should be done moving forward to prevent future instances of suicide due to the same conditions? Use Ainspan's Suicidal Mode Graphic (Figure 14.1, p. 160) to explain your response.

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Navy Investigates Sailor Suicides; Exacerbated by Shipyard Maintenance Periods - U.S. Medicine

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The Navy has been under public scrutiny in recent years after experiencing a rash of suicides aboard multiple ships, many of them undergoing maintenance at shipyards.

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Veteran Suicide Awareness in the news this week!

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Veteran Suicide Awareness in the news this week!

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Just this week, a Marine veteran was removed from a Delta Airlines flight because the flight attendant deemed her Veteran Suicide t-shirt as "threatening." She was forced to change shirts in front of the male flight attendant if she wanted to get back on the flight.

After reading the article, what are your thoughts? Delta says the incident has been handled. What could they do to make this right in your eyes?

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Marine Corps veteran removed from Delta flight, forced to change over ‘threatening’ shirt: ‘Just took my soul away’

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A dumbfounded Banks questioned the Delta employee before explaining that she was a veteran.

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There’s a game called Katana Zero that asks the question of “what do soldiers do after the war” and the video is a good summary of the game and is a good summary of the plot. But if you don’t have time to watch the video since it is fairly long I compiled some appropriate time stamps to where you can jump around and see, (I do recommend watching the video all the way through because the story is pretty good)

But some of the main themes that katana zero tackles is substance use with veterans, the type of jobs that veterans work and how veterans are treated after wars, and also racism during and after the war. There’s a race in the game called cromag and it’s hinted at that the main character is cromag.

What are your thoughts about the video after watching it (or parts of it)? And how do you think that the portrayals of the main themes are accurate to military society, or how veterans are viewed after service?

Time stamps

13:50 - 14:50, PTSD, Trauma, and substance use

17:30-18:12, substance use, racism, stigma

22:40-24:30, PTSD, substance use

28:30- 31:15, Veterans perspective, PTSD, substance use

44:00-45:24, Racism, PTSD, survivor's guilt, substance use

48:14-50:14, Racism, PTSD, survivor's guilt, substance use

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In Bristol Chapter 2 it talked about how Japanese Soldiers were treated in the Military during WW2, what stood out to you while reading this?

What were some differences in how black soldiers were treated compared to the Japanese soldiers?

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In Chapter 2, Bristol explores the "near hysterical bigotry" aimed at all things Japanese after the attack on Pearl Harbor. In one of the most shameful acts the US has committed against its own citizens, many Japanese Americans were rounded up and put in internment camps and Japanese American military members were relieved of duty or relegated to lesser tasks due to unfounded, widespread paranoia felt as a result of the attack.

In 1988, the US formally apologized to those incarcerated in internment camps and offered $20,000 to each surviving victim. https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2013/08/09/210138278/japanese-internment-redress

In 2022, the USPS honored WWII Japanese American veterans with a commemorative stamp.

Are these apologies enough? Why do you think similar apologies regarding the treatment of black soldiers in WWII have not been made? Consider this: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2023/07/25/integration-armed-forces-truman-apology/

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Bristol Chapter 5 discussed Black soldiers' experiences during the Vietnam War. What stood out to you?

How do you think the Japanese American Soldiers joining the US Military affected Black service members this time?

What were some differences compared to how Black soldiers were treated in WW2?

How did Black soldiers ranking impact the way they viewed racism towards their race or other races, and how did it affect their views of what was happening back in the US during this time?

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Vietnam War - African American Veterans Monument

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More than 300,000 Black Americans served in Vietnam. As troop numbers increased, so did unrest at home. “We are fighting over here against the Viet Cong and at home against discrimination,” said Captain Clifford Alexander, “Together we can win in both places.”

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Bristol Chapter 6 discussed the military's response to racial discrimination, including the introduction of DRRI and then changing it to DEOMI to be more inclusive of women in the military. What stood out to you while reading it?

Do you think that DRRI and DEOMI should have been the same organization? Or should they have been separated?

What effects did DEOMI have on serving people of color in the military compared to DRRI?

Do you think the white feminist movement was a reason on why DRRI was changed to DEOMI?

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Substance Abuse Program at Fort Belvoir (2012)

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Substance Abuse Program at Fort Belvoir (2012)

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The attached article is from 2012, when Ft. Belvoir opened their Residential Treatment Facility. The link below provides current information on the program including information on how to refer clients.

https://belvoirhospital.tricare.mil/Health-Services/Mental-Health/Residential-Treatment-Facility

What do you see as potential pros and cons of service members seeking treatment at a military RTF?

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New substance abuse program seeks better outcomes for ‘nation’s heroes’

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FORT BELVOIR, Va. - Though an average civilian substance abuser requires six to seven admissions to a treatment facility before achieving sustained sobriety, a new military addictions program at Fort