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The movement of molecules across the cell membrane

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Passive transport is like a Lazy River Ride

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molecules move from HIGH to low concentration.

"with the concentration gradient"

"down the concentration gradient"

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Small nonpolar molecules like gases move via diffusion

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Water moves to "dilute the solute"

Water diffuses from high concentration to low concentration

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Requires proteins to move large molecules from high to low concentration

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Active Transport is like a salmon swimming upstream

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Molecules move from low to HIGH concentration

"against the concentration gradient"

"up the concentration gradient"

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Protein must change its shape for the molecules to be transported

MAY require energy

-> Facilitated Diffusion - GLUT transporter protein moves glucose across the cell membrane from high to low concentration

-> Active Transport - Sodium-Potassium Pump (Na+ and K+) moves ions across the cell membrane from low to HIGH concentration.

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in this image, the blue background represents outside the cell, and the white background represent inside the cell.

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Transports large molecules from outside to inside the cell by pinching off part of the cell membrane to surround the incoming molecule(s).

The "bubble" of the cell membrane surrounding the incoming molecules is called a "vesicle"

"ENdocytosis" = "ENter cell"

3 Kinds:

Phagocytosis

Pinocytosis

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

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Transports large molecules from inside to outside the cell by the vesicle bonding to the cell membrane and then releasing the molecules out into the environment.

The "bubble" of the cell membrane surrounding the incoming molecules is called a "vesicle"

"EXodocytosis" = "EXit cell"

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2 Classes:

Endocytosis

Exocytosis

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Interact with a specific protein to initiate  vesicle formation

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Engulfment of fluids into vesicles

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Engulfment of solid particles into vesicles