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Definition: a flowering of culture, based on classical Greek and Roman ideas, that began in Italy in around 1300 and later spread throughout Europe.

Sentence: The Renaissance was a period in European history, primarily spanning the 14th to 16th centuries.

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Definition: a Renaissance philosophy emphasizing the worth of the individual and balancing religious faith with secular learning.

Sentence: Humanism has a long history that can be traced back to early Greek philosophers and Eastern thinkers.

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Definition: a reform movement of the 1500s that split the Catholic Church and gave birth to the Protestant religion.

Sentence: The Reformation was a religious and political movement in Europe during the 16th century that challenged the Catholic Church's authority.

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Definition: a Christian who separated from the Catholic Church during the Reformation; today, any member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation.

Sentence: Protestantism originated from the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century.

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Definition: a movement to revive and defend Catholicism in response to the Reformation.

Sentence: The Counter-Reformation was a period in the 16th and 17th centuries when the Roman Catholic Church sought to reform itself and oppose the Protestant Reformation

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Definition: non-religious; worldly.

Sentence: The history of secularism can be traced back to ancient times.

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Definition: the native language of a people, region, or country.

Sentence: He uses the vernacular with an economy which no other English writer has rivalled.

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Definition: a painting or drawing technique that gives the appearance of depth on a flat surface.

Sentence: The perspective of the canvas made it look like a cow.

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a painting or drawing technique that gives the appearance of depth on a flat surface

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Definition: an official church pardon that relieved Catholics from punishment for sins.

Sentence:The first definite instance of a Indulgence is that of Urban II.

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an official church pardon that relieved Catholics from punishment for sins

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Definition: holding religious beliefs that contradict the teachings of the church.

Sentence: Three types of heresy have appeared in the history of the Christian Church.'

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holding religious beliefs that contradict the teachings of the church

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Definition: expulsion from a church or religious community.

Sentence: Excommunication and interdict (April 17, 1606) were met with defiance.

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expulsion from a church or religious community

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Definition: a shift in thinking about the study of the natural world that began in the 1500s and departed from traditional religious teachings.

Sentence: We are concerned with a scientific revolution.

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Definition: an intellectual movement of the 18th century that applied scientific methods to the study of society and government.

Sentence: local histories, of which Arthur Herman's The Scottish enlightenment is a gem.

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Definition: a religious group or movement within a larger religion sharing a common interpretation of that religion.

Sentence: The annual conference of the English churches of the denomination has no legislative standing, and is meant for social and spiritual intercourse and discussions.

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Definition: the idea that Earth is the center of the solar system or universe.

Sentence: The choice made by Hipparchus of the geocentric theory of the universe decided the future of Greek astronomy.

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Definition: the idea that the sun is the center of the solar system, with Earth and the other planets revolving around it.

Sentence: The problem of determining a heliocentric orbit first presented itself to Kepler, who actually determined that of Mars.

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Definition: The 95 Theses are 95 statements published in a document in Wittenberg, Germany in 1517.

Sentence: Twenty years after Savonarola's death Martin Luther made public his theses against indulgences.