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The stock market crashes, marking the beginning of the Great Depression. This event sets the stage for both 'Esperanza Rising' and 'Out of the Dust', as families across America and beyond face economic hardship.

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Severe drought hits the Southern Plains, including parts of Oklahoma where 'Out of the Dust' is set. This environmental disaster forces many families to become migrant workers, a theme central to both novels.

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In 'Esperanza Rising', Esperanza's family faces tragedy and must flee from Mexico to California. This represents the real experiences of many Mexican families during the Great Depression, seeking better opportunities as migrant workers.

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The setting of 'Out of the Dust', where Billie Jo faces the harsh realities of life in Oklahoma during the Dust Bowl. The novel vividly depicts the environmental and economic challenges of the time.

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1935: Works Progress Administration Established

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1935: Works Progress Administration Established

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President Roosevelt creates the WPA to provide jobs for the unemployed. This program impacts characters in both novels, as it represents hope for economic recovery and employment opportunities.

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Dorothea Lange captures the iconic 'Migrant Mother' photograph in California. This image embodies the struggles of migrant workers, like Esperanza's family in 'Esperanza Rising', and the hardships faced by mothers during the Great Depression.

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1937: Farm Security Administration in Ohio

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1937: Farm Security Administration in Ohio

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The FSA establishes camps for migrant workers in Ohio, providing better living conditions. This relates to the experiences of migrant families in 'Esperanza Rising' and represents government efforts to address poverty during the Great Depression.

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1939: The Great Depression Begins to Ease

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1939: The Great Depression Begins to Ease

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As the decade closes, economic conditions start to improve. This period marks a turning point for characters in both novels, symbolizing hope and resilience in the face of adversity – key themes in 'Esperanza Rising' and 'Out of the Dust'.