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Method used in the article: Randomized Controlled Trials

Enrolled 352 participants in a minimum of 4 community clinics. Participants are randomized into either STAIR Narrative Therapy or Treatment As Usual (TAU).

Descriptive Stats

This article provides a description of the study design and reasons for design decisions such the selection of TAU as a comparator and the use of flexible delivery of SN

Y- The primary outcome is PTSD symptom severity as measured by the CAPS [14] and remission from the disorder, defined as no longer meeting the diagnosis of PTSD and having a CAPS score no greater than 20 [12]. Secondary outcomes are emotion regulation self-efficacy as measured by the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scales (DERS; [15]), interpersonal problems as measured by the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP; [16]), and global functioning as measured by the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) from the SCID [17].

Inferential Stats – predictions, comparisons & conclusions of data's

Quoted from the article, “We plan to identify patterns of implementation associated with patient outcomes for patients at different levels of baseline severity. We will categorize patients according to level of baseline severity defined in various ways such as PTSD severity, number of co-morbidities.”

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The study design is a randomized controlled trial of treatment in US public sector mental health outpatient settings (see Figure 1). As we learnt in our recent lecture this RCT conducts prospective studies that measure the effectiveness of an intervention, for this case it is to find out more on the STAIR Narrative Therapy (SNT) or Treatment as Usual(TAU) interventions and see which works better.

A minimum of four sites will participate in the study. Within each site, participants will be randomized into either SNT or TAU and each treatment condition will be implemented by a minimum of two therapists. Each therapist delivers only one of the interventions.

Selection of sites includes demonstration of ability to recruit a minimum of three study participants per month based on number of new trauma patients entering the clinic on a yearly basis and on the percent of such patients with PTSD diagnoses. Other features required of sites include the presence of Institutional Review Board (IRB) and administrative resources and infrastructure to provide fiscal management, reporting, and quality assurance required by the funder, NIMH.

Another concept that is being applied in this article is epidemiology, which is the study of the distribution and determinants of health, disease, or injury in human populations and the application of this study to the control of

health problems. How this can be applied in the article would be to evaluate the effectiveness of SNT relative to TAU primarily in regards to PTSD symptom reduction and secondarily in regards to treatment attendance, attrition, and therapist and patient satisfaction, and (2) to explore the relationship between variations in SNT treatment implementation and outcome relative to baseline severity of illness.

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a terminology that can be identified in the article is the use of the prospective cohort study. where it means to have their participants recruited based on their exposure. which in this case is their exposure to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

As seen under participants, there is a list of criteria that must be met to be a participant. For instance, being a female around 18-65 years old and is primarily diagnosed with PTSD according to DSM-IV criteria with a Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale score of no lower than 40. Plus, the PTSD symptoms should be resulted from interpersonal violence and have at least one clear traumatic memory to participate in this clinical trial.

They mentioned exclusion criteria as well where participants have to be dependent on substances, have homicidal ideation, be involved in a violent relationship etc. After knowing all their participants then would they start the 2 treatments of STAIR Narrative Therapy (SNT) & Treatment As Usual (TAU)

SNT is a 16 session manualized treatment that is delivered in 60-minute weekly sessions in an individual format. The STAIR module focuses on resolving problems in daily living through skills training in emotion management and interpersonal functioning.

TAU creates a control condition that is well defined and constant across sites. This reduces the heterogeneity of the outcomes from the TAU condition, thus increasing the power of the tests for the differences between conditions, and internal validity.

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Group 4 - Danis, kai, Raiyan, Hafizah, HuiPing

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Group 4 - Danis, kai, Raiyan, Hafizah, HuiPing

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One of the study designs adopted for this PTSD test is Randomised RCT.
In an RCT, participants are randomly assigned to one of two or more groups: the treatment group or the control group. The treatment group receives the intervention being tested such as medication, therapy, or other intervention, while the control group receives either a placebo or no treatment at all. By randomly assigning participants to these groups, researchers can help ensure that any differences in outcomes between the groups are due to the intervention being tested, rather than other factors (such as pre-existing differences between the groups).

In the case of PTSD, RCTs can be used to test the effectiveness of various interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), medication, or other interventions. For example, researchers might randomly assign participants to one of two groups: one group receives CBT, while the other group receives a placebo. By measuring outcomes such as symptom severity, quality of life, and other factors, researchers can determine whether CBT is more effective than a placebo in treating PTSD.

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The terminology learned from today’s lesson is SNT.  Stair  focuses on resolving problems in daily living through skills training and emotion management. With reference to the article, this is used as an intervention specifically developed for women with ptsd. The intervention consist of 2 module where (Stair) is to emphasize skills training in affective and improving daily life functioning while the narrative theraphy focuses on the review and re-appraisal of trauma memories