# data[].attributes.body
In C1 Advanced Speaking Part 4, candidates are expected to interact with each other. This part of the exam is a discussion based on the topics raised in Part 3, and the examiner will pose questions that require candidates to engage in a conversation with their partner, exchanging ideas, expressing opinions, and potentially agreeing or disagreeing.

Here's why interaction is crucial:

It's a discussion:

Part 4 is designed as a conversation, not just a series of individual answers. Candidates should actively listen to their partner, respond to their points, and build upon the conversation.

Examiner observation:

The examiner will be observing how candidates interact, how they listen, how they respond, and how they contribute to the discussion.

Demonstrating communication skills:

Part 4 is a chance to showcase a range of communication skills, including expressing and justifying opinions, agreeing and disagreeing, and negotiating.

Expanding on answers:

Candidates should not just provide short, simple answers. They should elaborate on their points and use the interaction with their partner to develop their ideas.

Active listening:

It's important to pay attention to what your partner says, as the examiner may ask questions related to their contributions.

In essence, Part 4 is a collaborative task where candidates work together to explore a topic, building on each other's ideas and opinions

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Speaking Part 4 FCE & CAE tips. How to pass Cambridge English exams. B2 first & C1 advanced help.

# data[].attributes.body
Unit 8 Language focus Future forms

Ex. 1 - 4 (p.123)

Ex. 4 Ready for Grammar on page 232-33

8 Future forms Ex.1 and 2

# data[].attributes.headline
C1 ADVANCED CAE SPEAKING EXAM SIMULATION PRACTICE 2

# data[].attributes.subject
C1 ADVANCED CAE SPEAKING EXAM SIMULATION PRACTICE 2

# data[].attributes.body
Answer key

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary

SECTION 5 Verbs we commonly use in the passive

SECTION 6 Phrasal verbs; verb + preposition

Exam practice 2

# data[].attributes.body
Passives

# data[].attributes.headline
The Web of Life: A New Scientific Understanding of Living Systems by Fritjof Capra 

# data[].attributes.subject
The Web of Life: A New Scientific Understanding of Living Systems by Fritjof Capra 

# data[].attributes.body
Introduction: paradigms in science and society

# data[].attributes.headline
The Web of Life: A New Scientific Understanding of Living Systems by Fritjof Capra 

# data[].attributes.subject
The Web of Life: A New Scientific Understanding of Living Systems by Fritjof Capra 

# data[].attributes.body
The vitality and accessibility of Fritjof Capra's ideas have made him perhaps the most eloquent spokesperson of the latest findings emerging at the frontiers of scientific, social, and philosophical thought. In his international bestsellers The Tao of Physics and The Turning Point, he juxtaposed physics and mysticism to define a new vision of reality. In The Web of Life, Capra takes yet another giant step, setting forth a new scientific language to describe interrelationships and interdependence of psychological, biological, physical, social, and cultural phenomena--the "web of life."

During the past twenty-five years, scientists have challenged conventional views of evolution and the organization of living systems and have developed new theories with revolutionary philosophical and social implications. Fritjof Capra has been at the forefront of this revolution. In The Web of Life, Capra offers a brilliant synthesis of such recent scientific breakthroughs as the theory of complexity, Gaia theory, chaos theory, and other explanations of the properties of organisms, social systems, and ecosystems. Capra's surprising findings stand in stark contrast to accepted paradigms of mechanism and Darwinism and provide an extraordinary new foundation for ecological policies that will allow us to build and sustain communities without diminishing the opportunities for future generations.

# data[].attributes.body
Dependent prepositions

Expressing ability, possibility and

obligation

# data[].attributes.body
no, none, not

The passive

Prepositions in time expressions

# data[].attributes.body
Verb forms to talk about the past

Verbs + to infinitive or -ing

Expressing purpose, reason and result

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Verb forms to talk about the past_expressing purpose_reason_result

# data[].attributes.body
Use of English Part 4

Key Word Transformations

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
CAE Practice Tests for Use of English (Cambridge English: Advanced)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Practice Tests for Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE) Use of English

# data[].attributes.body
Section 6 Word formation: prefixes and suffixes (pp.92-95)

# data[].attributes.body
Section 5 Stative verbs (pp.26-29)

Section 6 Collocations (pp.28-29)

# data[].attributes.body
Problem tenses

Entry test (pp.16-17)

Section 1 Present Perfect (pp.18-19)

Section 2 Other Perfect forms (pp.20-21)

Section 3 Continuous forms (pp.22-23)

# data[].attributes.body
The exam is made up of four papers developed to test your English language skills. You can see exactly what’s in each paper below.

The formats below are the same for both the digital and paper-based exams.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
C1 Advanced is a thorough test of all areas of language ability.

The updated exam (for exam sessions from January 2015) is made up of four papers developed to test your English language skills. You can see exactly what's in each paper below.

The formats below are the same for both the paper-based and computer-based exams.

Reading and Use of English
(1 hour 30 minutes)
See sample paper

Shows you can deal confidently with different types of text, such as fiction, newspapers and magazines. Tests your use of English with different types of exercise that show how well you can control your grammar and vocabulary.

2 parts

You create two different pieces of writing, such as essays, letters/emails, proposals, reports and reviews.

Tests your ability to follow and understand a range of spoken materials, such as interviews, radio broadcasts, presentations, talks and everyday conversations.

Speaking
(15 minutes per pair of candidates; 23 minutes per group of three)
See sample paper

4 parts

Shows you can take part in a conversation by answering and asking simple questions. Your Speaking test will be conducted usually face to face with one or two other candidates and two examiners. One of the examiners (who could be online, examining remotely) talks to you and the other examiner listens. This makes your test more realistic and more reliable. Examiners may use their mobile phones for entering marks using an app.

openbook What's in the Reading and Use of English paper?

The C1 Advanced Reading and Use of English paper is in eight parts and has a mix of text types and questions.
Summary

Time allowed:

1 hour 30 minutes

Lengths of texts:

3,000-3,500 words to read in total.

Texts may be from:

Newspapers and magazines, journals, books (fiction and non-fiction), promotional and informational materials.

Part 1 (Multiple-choice cloze) Part 2 (Open cloze) Part 3 (Word formation) Part 4 (Key word transformations) Part 5 (Multiple choice) Part 6 (Cross-text multiple matching) Part 7 (Gapped text) Part 8 (Multiple matching)
compose What's in the Writing paper?

In the two parts of the C1 Advanced Writing paper, you have to show that you can write different types of text in English.
Summary

Number of questions:

Part 1: one compulsory question
Part 2: one question from a choice of three

Task types:

A range from: essay, letter/email, proposal, report, review.

Part 1 (Compulsory question) Part 2 (Situationally based writing task)
playlist What's in the Listening paper?

The C1 Advanced Listening paper has four parts. For each part you have to listen to a recorded text or texts and answer some questions. You hear each recording twice.
Summary

Recordings may be from:

Monologues: radio broadcasts, speeches, talks, lectures, anecdotes, etc.; or interacting speakers: radio broadcasts, interviews, discussions, conversations, etc.

Part 1 (Multiple choice) Part 2 (Sentence completion) Part 3 (Multiple choice) Part 4 (Multiple matching)
megaphone What's in the Speaking paper?

The C1 Advanced Speaking test has four parts and you take it together with another candidate.

There are two examiners. One of the examiners conducts the test (asks you questions, gives you the paper with things to talk about, and so on). The other examiner listens to what you say and takes notes.
Summary Part 1 (Interview) Part 2 (Long turn) Part 3 (Collaborative task) Part 4 (Discussion)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
What is in the C1 Advanced exam? Information about the Reading, Writing, Listening, and Speaking papers for computer and paper-based tests.

# data[].attributes.body
Read the text and the test questions. Before you answer the test questions, go to the Further Practice and Guidance pages which follow.

Part 2 Further practice and guidance on pages 9-10)

Part 3 Further Practice and Guidance  on pages 12 – 13)

Part 5 Further Practice and Guidance  on pages 17-18)

Part 6 Further Practice and Guidance  on pages 21-22)

Answer key

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
CAE_Test 1_Further practice and guidance_Parts 2_ 3_5_6

# data[].attributes.body
Who needs sunshine when you can have a deluge instead?...  Oh, to be in England in the summer is character building I say!

# data[].attributes.body
Write. Get feedback. Learn. Repeat.

Developed by the University of Cambridge, Write & Improve is a free tool that helps you to improve your English writing online.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Free intensive writing practice for every learner

The Write & Improve workbooks contain hundreds of writing tasks at Beginner, Intermediate and Advanced levels, and for Business and Just for Fun, too. Choose tasks from the Write & Improve workbooks or create your own tasks based on your interests or homework. Your work will be saved in your workbook.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Write & Improve workbooks contain hundreds of writing tasks at Beginner, Intermediate and Advanced levels, and for Business and Just for Fun, too. Choose tasks from the Write & Improve workbooks or create your own tasks based on your interests or homework. Your work will be saved in your workbook.

# data[].attributes.body
You can also download examiner comments.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Preparing for C1 Advanced | Cambridge English

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Find resources and learning products to help prepare for the Cambridge English C1 Advanced exam, whether you are a teacher or a learner.

# data[].attributes.body
Practise vowel sounds, word stress, and intonation

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Learn English with our free online listening, grammar, vocabulary and reading activities. Practise your English and get ready for your Cambridge English exam.

# data[].attributes.body
Reading and Use of English

# data[].attributes.headline
CAE Phrases, collocations, and expressions

# data[].attributes.subject
CAE Phrases, collocations, and expressions

# data[].attributes.headline
Cambridge exam practice website 2: Flo-Joe

# data[].attributes.subject
Cambridge exam practice website 2: Flo-Joe

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Flo-Joe: THE place on the web for Cambridge English exam preparation: PET, FCE, CAE, CPE, IELTS

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
For teachers and students preparing for Cambridge English: exams, including Cambridge English First (FCE), Cambridge English Advanced (CAE) and Cambridge English Proficiency (CPE

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
+ HUNDREDS OF FREE ONLINE RESOURCES FOR GRAMMAR, VOCABULARY AND USE OF ENGLISH

+ PRACTICE TESTS WERE DESIGNED TO FOLLOW THE SAME FORMAT AS THE REAL EXAM

+ TIPS AND HINTS TO HELP IMPROVE YOUR TEST PERFORMANCE

+ ALL OF THE PRACTICE TESTS INCLUDE FULL ANSWERS

+ USERS CAN BUY ACCESS TO ADDITIONAL PREMIUM TESTS

Which exam should I take?

Cambridge English:
Key

Cambridge English: Preliminary

Cambridge English:
First

Cambridge English:
Advanced

Cambridge English: Proficiency

C2

GRADE A (200-210)

GRADE A (220-230)
GRADE B (213-219)
GRADE C (200-212)

C1

GRADE A (180-190)

GRADE B (193-199)
GRADE C (180-192)

LEVEL C1 (180-199)

B2

PASS WITH DISTINCTION
(160-170)

GRADE B (173-179)
GRADE C (160-172)

LEVEL B2 (160-179)

FAILED (162-179)

B1

PASS WITH DISTINCTION
(140-150)

PASS WITH MERIT (153-159)
PASS (140-152)

LEVEL B1 (140-159)

FAILED (142-159)

A2

PASS WITH MERIT (133-139)
PASS (120-132)

LEVEL A2 (120-139)

FAILED (122-139)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
EnglishRevealed - Cambridge English exam preparation

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Practice Tests for learners preparing for Cambridge First Certificate in English (FCE), Certificate in Advanced English (CAE) and Certificate of Proficiency in English (CPE).

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
BBC Learning English - Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 1 / Grammar Reference

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Relative clauses are used to give additional information about a noun, such as a person, place or thing. Relative pronouns introduce a relative clause. They include who for people, that and which for things, when for time, and whose to show possession. Relative clauses belong to one of two categories: defining relative clauses and non-defining relative clauses.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Under no circumstances should you stop watching this video! Only here will you get the full inversion explanation. Are you ready? Let's invert!
Inversion happens in English for emphasis, dramatic purpose or formality. In order to invert, the normal sentence order of subject verb object is changed in some way. Let's find out how. Go!

'Never had I met someone so interesting.'

Now English has a group of adverbs which limit the meaning of a verb or make it negative. Examples are never, hardly, no, only...and there are others. In order to change normal sentence order, we move the negative adverbial to the beginning of the sentence and we invert the auxiliary verb and subject. So:

'I had never met someone so interesting.'
becomes
'Never had I met someone so interesting.'

In cases where the tense does not use an auxiliary verb in the affirmative, such as the present simple or the past simple, one must be added. So, for example:

'I rarely go outside.'
becomes
'Rarely do I go outside.'
And
'She seldom worked very hard.'
becomes
'Seldom did she work very hard.'

However, there is another level to this. Some negative or limiting adverbials require you to complete a whole clause before the inversion takes place. It's kind of a two stage process. So, for example:

'I didn't know what to do until I saw what had happened.'
becomes
'Not until I saw what had happened did I know what to do.'

In this case, 'Not until I saw what happened' is the adverbial clause. The inversion takes place after this, in the main clause. And this is common with adverbs like 'Not' and 'Only' in the following combinations:

'Hardly' works like this too, but in the case of hardly, the inversion happens within the adverbial clause. It is mostly used with the past perfect to signify that one action finished just before another started. And notice the use of the connecting time words 'than' and 'when' in the examples. Are you ready?

'Hardly had I got home than the dog started barking.'
'Hardly had he got into the bath when the phone rang.'

Isn't it typical? Finally, we can use the expression 'little did they know' to mean...wait for it... they didn't know. It's extremely dramatic and it's often found within books. It can be quite sinister! For example:

'Little did they know that he had stolen all of their money.'

Did you get it? Of course you got it! Now, for more information please log on to our website at bbclearningenglish.com. I've been Dan, you've been fantastic and I'll see you next time, ok? Let's invert!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
BBC Learning English - Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 25 / Session 1 / Activity 1

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Under no circumstances should you stop watching this video! Only here will you get the full inversion explanation. Are you ready? Let's invert! Inversion happens in English for emphasis, dramatic purpose or formality. In order to invert, the normal sentence order of subject verb object is changed in some way.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Click here to download this explanation as a pdf.

Click here for all the exercises about modal verbs

Here's a list of the modal verbs in English:

Modals are different from normal verbs:

1: They don't use an 's' for the third person singular.
2: They make questions by inversion ('she can go' becomes 'can she go?').
3: They are followed directly by the infinitive of another verb (without 'to').

Probability:

First, they can be used when we want to say how sure we are that something happened / is happening / will happen. We often call these 'modals of deduction' or 'speculation' or 'certainty' or 'probability'.

For example:
Click here to find out more about probability.
Ability
We use 'can' and 'could' to talk about a skill or ability.

For example:Click here to find out more about ability.
Obligation and Advice
We can use verbs such as 'must' or 'should' to say when something is necessary or unnecessary, or to give advice.

For example:Click here to find out more about obligation
Permission
We can use verbs such as 'can', 'could' and 'may' to ask for and give permission. We also use modal verbs to say something is not allowed.

For example:
Habits
We can use 'will' and 'would' to talk about habits or things we usually do, or did in the past.

For example:

When I lived in Italy, we would often eat in the restaurant next to my flat.

John will always be late!

Past modals
The past modals 'could have + past participle', 'should have + past participle' and 'would have + past participle' can be confusing. I explain about them here.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Using modal verbs can be complicated. Here are some easy explanations and lots of exercises.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Conditionals review

Meaning and use

Conditional sentences express a connection between two actions or states. One thing happens because of another. These connections can be general, specific, likely, unlikely, real or imagined.

Although there are quite a few different ways of forming conditional sentences there are common patterns known as zero, first, second and third conditionals.

Zero conditionals
Used to refer to general truths, scientific facts and the predictable results of particular actions. One thing happens and because of this something else happens. In zero conditionals and have the same meaning.
If you heat water enough, it boils. When he scores, he celebrates by making a heart shape with his hands. When it's raining, he stays indoors.
First conditionals
Used when we want to talk about something that is likely to happen in the future after a specific set of circumstances, the condition. If is used is when the condition is possible and when is used when the condition is certain to happen.

If I go to the shops, I'll get some bread. (I might not go to the shops)

When I go to the shops, I'll get some bread. (I'm definitely going to the shops)

If you've finished your homework by six, you can go out and play.

When you're having your party, please keep the noise down!

Second conditionals
Refer to an imagined present result of an unlikely or impossible present condition.

If I had the money, I'd travel around the world. (I don't have the money)

If I were you, I'd think about leaving him. (I'm not you)

Third conditionals
Refer to an imagined past result of something that didn't happen in the past.

If I had known you were coming, I wouldn't have prepared the cheese dish.
(I didn't know you were coming. I prepared a cheese dish.)

If I had known then what I know now, I wouldn't have wasted so much time at university.
(I didn't know then what I know now. I did waste a lot of time at university.)

Form

Conditional sentences usually have two parts. There is the if clause (sometimes called the conditional clause) and the result clause (sometimes called the main clause). The clauses can come in any order.

If the if clause is first, the two clauses are separated by a comma.

There is no comma if the result clause is first.
Zero conditional
If clause:
if/when + present simple

Result clause:
present simple
When I turn it on, it makes a funny noise. If you multiply ten by twelve, what do you get? Milk goes bad if you leave it out too long. First conditional
If clause:
if/when + present simple

Result clause:
will / 'll + infinitive without to / imperative
If it rains, you'll get wet. If it rains, put your coat on. If you're leading at half time, I'll let your dad know. If you've won, give me a call as soon as possible. Second conditional
If clause:
if + past simple (exception: verb 'to be' takes 'were' in 1st and 2nd person)

Result clause:
would / 'd + infinitive without to
If I knew what was wrong, I'd fix it myself. I'd be out on my bike if it weren't raining so hard. Third conditional
If clause:
if + past perfect

Main clause:
would / 'd + have / 've + past participle
If I'd known it'd break, I wouldn't have tried to pick it up.

If you hadn't insisted on changing your shirt we wouldn't've missed the bus. Take note: modals
Most first, second and third conditional clauses commonly use will or would but it is possible to use other modal auxiliaries instead. For example:
First conditional If you go to the shops, can you get some bread, please?

If you go to the shops, could you get some bread, please? If I go to the beach at the weekend, I might try out my new wet suit. If I get a phone call this afternoon, it may be good news. When we go on holiday this year, we should book a nicer hotel. Second conditional If I had enough money, I could travel around the world. If I were elected, I might be able to do some good.

Third conditional If you'd told me earlier, I could've done something about it. If we had caught the right bus, we might've been on time.
Take note: mixed conditionals

Mixed conditionals combine the structure of type 2 and type 3 conditionals when the time (past, present and future) referred to in the if and result clauses are not the same.

Mixed conditionals can refer to:

something that didn't happen in the past and the result of that condition in the present

If you hadn't left the map at home, we wouldn't be lost.
(You left the map at home in the past. We are lost now.)

something that won't happen in the future and the result of that condition on the past

If I weren't going on holiday next week, I could have accepted that offer of work.
(I am going on holiday in the future which is why I didn't accept the offer of work in the past.)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
BBC Learning English - Course: Towards Advanced / Unit 7 / Grammar Reference

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Conditional sentences express a connection between two actions or states. One thing happens because of another. These connections can be general, specific, likely, unlikely, real or imagined.

# data[].attributes.headline
How to Write a C1 Advanced Essay (Video)

# data[].attributes.subject
How to Write a C1 Advanced Essay (Video)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
You can see the slideshow I used here.

Click here for C1 essay examples.

If you don't want to watch the video, here's the brief version!

Writing a CAE Essay

Basics

You must write an essay. (In part 2 you get a choice, but the essay is always mandatory.)

You have about 45 minutes.

The tasks always look the same.

Don't 'lift' too much from the question - use your own words.

Preparing

Do lots of mock exams.

Start early (mistakes in your writing take longest to fix). Months, not days!

Computer based - write on computer. Paper based, paper.

The more you practice the less you'll need to worry about word count.

What Is an Essay?

It's a text where you present an argument (and support it with reasons).

What's the Difference Between an Essay and a Report?

Essays tend to be general while reports are more concrete. So you might get an essay like 'Which are more important, trains or hospitals?' A report might be like 'How can we improve the train network in your country?'

Reports are quite business-y and have subheadings. They end in a recommendation.

What Is a Cambridge Essay?

Cambridge want to see that you can write an academic text in neutral/formal style, and be persuasive while having a good structure, using linking phrases etc.

Keep the reader in mind. Make sure you follow their instructions and that they can understand what your points are.

You don't need to include a title. It's okay if you do.

You have more access to a wider range of language if you have a negative point and a positive point.

Your essay doesn't have to be factually accurate! Lie/make things up if it helps your essay!

Planning

Give yourself at least 5 minutes to plan your essay before you start writing. The more you invest in the planning stage the easier the actual writing will be.

Strong Introductions

The slideshow has examples of 3 easy-to-learn intro types:

Keeping Interest

Keep the reader interested by using great vocabulary and introducing surprises.

Checking

Learn how to check your work to spot simple mistakes and places where you could improve the language you've used.

Random

They don't care about your handwriting - as long as they can read it.

You can make some mistakes as long as the reader can understand what you are saying.

American vs British English - either is fine.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How to Write a C1 Advanced Essay (CAE) - CAE Exam Tips

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
You can see the slideshow I used here. Click here for C1 essay examples. If you don't want to watch the video, here's the brief version! You must write an essay. (In part 2 you get a choice, but the essay is always mandatory.) You have about 45 minutes.