# data[].attributes.body
This focus on science education as a tool to build not just knowledge but also resilience against misinformation is essential, especially in areas like climate science or health care, where public understanding can have profound societal impacts.

# data[].attributes.body
I believe the article makes a compelling case for prioritizing science education. In today's world, where misinformation spreads rapidly, fostering scientific literacy is more important than ever. Science education not only equips individuals with practical skills but also enables them to be responsible citizens capable of making informed decisions. The emphasis on early engagement, through interactive workshops or public events, is particularly important, as it fosters curiosity and critical thinking from a young age.

# data[].attributes.body
The article also emphasizes hands-on learning, workshops, and public science events as tools to spark interest in science and to improve problem-solving skills in younger generations.

# data[].attributes.body
It prepares citizens to engage in societal issues like climate change or public health, strengthening democratic participation.

# data[].attributes.body
Scientific knowledge supports problem-solving in everyday life and contributes to informed decision-making in areas like health, technology, and the environment.

# data[].attributes.body
Science education fosters critical thinking, helping individuals assess information accurately, especially in an era of misinformation.

# data[].attributes.body
I agree with the moderate use of L1 in CLIL. Over-reliance on L1 may hinder target language development, but strategic use can help bridge gaps in understanding, especially in challenging subject areas like science.

# data[].attributes.body
Making cross-curricular links is a powerful way to deepen learning. It allows learners to see the relevance of concepts across different disciplines, which can also enhance engagement and retention.

# data[].attributes.body
Practical, inquiry-based learning is particularly effective in CLIL, as it allows students to apply their knowledge actively. However, I think that offering scaffolding in the form of language frames and visual aids is essential to ensure that students can follow along without getting lost in technical vocabulary.

# data[].attributes.body
I appreciate the emphasis on formative assessment, as it aligns with the need for continuous feedback in both content learning and language development. However, the dual-focus assessment could be overwhelming for both teachers and students if not handled carefully.

# data[].attributes.body
The focus on activating prior knowledge and giving learners time to process questions before responding aligns well with modern pedagogical practices that emphasize student-centered learning. Collaborative tasks, in particular, foster communication and are an excellent way to promote language use in a practical context.

# data[].attributes.body
While CLIL is focused on using the target language (English), some use of the learners’ first language (L1) is recognized as beneficial, especially in clarifying complex concepts.

# data[].attributes.body
CLIL promotes cross-curricular connections, for example linking science topics with physical education (P.E.) or design and technology, to reinforce understanding.

# data[].attributes.body
The scientific inquiry approach helps learners engage with science through experiments and investigation. For example, in one lesson, students test whether long bones break more easily than short ones.

# data[].attributes.body
Assessment in CLIL can be challenging because it involves evaluating both language and content. Teachers are encouraged to use formative assessments like performance-based tasks.

# data[].attributes.body
Effective CLIL lesson planning involves activating prior knowledge, planning input/output, waiting for learner responses, and including collaborative tasks.

# data[].attributes.body
The first stages are usually the most difficult, since it becomes extremely important to provide support to students, which requires well-prepared teachers. Many times, given the limited support that teachers have, they cannot provide 100% support, either because of lack of resources or because there are too many students.

# data[].attributes.body
Both the teachers and the students face challenges in CLIL. Teachers need to be confident in subject content and language, while learners struggle with the dual burden of mastering subject matter and language.

# data[].attributes.body
Differentiating between these two types of language is essential in the CLIL method, as it allows students to understand complex scientific concepts while practicing language skills. However, balancing the two can be difficult, particularly for language learners with different proficiency levels.

# data[].attributes.body
Content-obligatory language

Refers to subject-specific vocabulary.

Example: “photosynthesis” in biology.

Content-compatible language

It is more general language used to express scientific ideas.

Example: “This plant grows because…”.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Science competence and scientific literacy are essential tools for coping with the news cycle and for responsible citizenship.

# data[].attributes.headline
Teaching science through English – a CLIL approach

# data[].attributes.subject
Teaching science through English – a CLIL approach

# data[].attributes.body
This comprehensive approach not only helps in understanding the subject but also promotes critical thinking and cultural awareness. It is an excellent framework for developing global citizens with critical thinking skills.

# data[].attributes.body
The 4Cs framework by Coyle is used to plan CLIL lessons, focusing on:

-Content = Topic.

-Communication = Language.

-Cognition = Thinking skills.

-Culture = Community context.

# data[].attributes.body
This method is very effective in multilingual classrooms, as it improves both cognitive and linguistic skills. However, it requires teachers to have extensive knowledge of both the subject and language teaching, which can be difficult.

# data[].attributes.body
CLIL or Content and Language Integrated Learning, is a teaching method where subjects like science are taught in a non-native language. This helps students learn both the subject and the language at the same time.