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President Thomas Jefferson purchased approximately 828,000 square miles of land from France for $15 million, doubling the size of the United States. This massive acquisition from Napoleon Bonaparte gave America control of the Mississippi River and opened up vast new territories for settlement.

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Meriwether Lewis and William Clark led an expedition to explore the newly acquired Louisiana Territory. Their journey took them from St. Louis to the Pacific Ocean, mapping the land, documenting new species, and establishing relationships with Native American tribes.

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This important agreement admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining the balance between free and slave states. It also established the 36°30' parallel as the dividing line between free and slave territories in the Louisiana Purchase.

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President Andrew Jackson signed this act, forcing Native American tribes to leave their ancestral lands in the Southeast and move west of the Mississippi River. This led to the tragic Trail of Tears, where thousands of Native Americans died during forced relocation.

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The Republic of Texas was admitted to the Union as the 28th state, following its independence from Mexico. This annexation increased tensions with Mexico and eventually led to the Mexican-American War.

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This conflict between the United States and Mexico resulted in America acquiring about half of Mexico's territory, including California and parts of the Southwest. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the war and established the Rio Grande as the southern border of Texas.

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The discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill sparked a massive migration to California. Over 300,000 people came from around the world seeking fortune, leading to rapid population growth and California's statehood in 1850.

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This act established the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and introduced the concept of popular sovereignty, allowing settlers to decide the slavery question. This led to violent conflicts known as 'Bleeding Kansas.'

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This landmark legislation offered 160 acres of public land to any adult citizen who would farm it for five years. The act encouraged western settlement and helped populate the Great Plains, though often at the expense of Native American lands.

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The Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads met at Promontory Summit, Utah, creating the first transcontinental railroad. This revolutionary achievement connected the east and west coasts, dramatically reducing travel time and boosting economic development.