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GDP or Gross Domestic Product is the total value of all final goods and services produced in a country during one year.

According to the World Bank, global GDP in 2022 was about $85.8 trillion in current US dollars.

Now last recorded GDP in the United States was in 2023 and is set at 27.36 trillion USD.

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Economic Measures of Labor is when the unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed and seeking employment.

Labor force means when it includes everyone who are either unemployed or employed.

The employment rate is calculated by dividing the number of unemployed people by the total labor force and multiplying by 100 to get a percentage.

The current employment rate in the US is 60% and the current unemployment rate is 4.10%.

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Economic Indicators for Consumer Spending

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Economic Indicators for Consumer Spending

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Economic indicators such as retail sales, personal consumption expenditures (PCE), and household income are effective for analyzing consumer spending. Retail sales reflect consumer demand, PCE shows spending on goods and services, and household income indicates the purchasing power, all of which are connected and vital for the economic health.

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The four business phases are expansion, peak, contraction (recession), and trough.

Expansion is the phase where its starting to grow and the economy is growing.

Peak is the point at which the economy reaches its max output, indicating the end of expansion and the start of contraction.

Contraction (Recession) is the phase where the economy begins to decline, leading to decreased production, employment, and income.

Trough is the lowest point of a business cycle, marking the end of the recession and the beginning of a new expansion.

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Inflation and deflation are two opposites, and there are different causes for both of them.

Reasons for inflation is demand pull, a form of inflation when goods and services exceed the available supply of those goods and services in the economy. Cost push also causes inflation when overall prices increase due to increases in the cost of wages and raw materials. And the other reasons for inflation are increased money supply, devaluation, and rising wages.

Reasons for deflation is reduced government spending, stock market failure, consumer desire to increase savings.

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Interest rates affect borrowing by causing lower interest rates. When interest rates are low, borrowing becomes cheaper. This motivates businesses to take out loans for expansion, invest in new equipment, and hire more employees.

Higher interest rates make borrowing more expensive. Businesses may postpone investments, and consumers may delay large purchases. This can slow down economic growth and potentially lead to a recession.

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Investment Activities That Promote Economic Growth

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Investment Activities That Promote Economic Growth

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Capital investment involves assigning financial resources to acquire, maintain, or improve physical assets. This can include buying machinery, equipment, or buildings. Capital investments are essential for expanding a company's operational capacity and efficiency, leading to increases production and economic growth.

Infrastructure development refers to the construction and enhancement of fundamental physical systems, such as transportation systems like roads, subways, etc. Energy facilities, and communication systems.

Technology innovation encompasses the creation and application of new technologies or the improvement of existing ones. This can lead to development of new products, services, or processes, driving productivity improvements and opening new markets.

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Borrowing Activities by Government, Business, and Consumers

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Borrowing Activities by Government, Business, and Consumers

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Government bonds, business loans, and consumers credit all play big roles in economic growth and stability. Government bonds fund public things, business loans facilitate operational expansion and innovation, and consumer credit boosts consumption. However each must be managed responsibly to prevent financial instability.

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In future concerns of economic growth, economic growth must be consider the depletion of natural resources and environmental impacts, ensuring that growth does not compromise the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

Addressing inequality concerns is where growth should be inclusive, as economic disparities can lead to social and political instability and set back over all economic progress.

Automation can displace workers, while globalization can lead to job outsourcing, both affecting domestic employment and income distribution.