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Maturation is the biological growth process that begins at conception and leads to the maturity of the organism - the rate of maturation can vary throughout different children.

This includes ...

sitting up without support

crawling

standing

bone growth

weight gain

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In accordance to the attachment theory, basic needs being met as an infant impact our sense of emotional security throughout the rest of our lives, so it is essential for infants to be properly cared for at this point in their life.

Without these being fully met, it can be harder to make trusting relations further on in life.

This is the time where the environment in which an infant is being brought up in shapes their development emotionally and socially.

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Infants will often begin to respond to and expressions and emotions expressed from their surroundings, i.e they will be happy when surrounded by cheerful caregivers.

They begin to develop an awareness of their surroundings and express a desire to engage, i.e banging objects or toys.

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The average newborn weighs around 3.4kg (7.5lb), and the newborn gains about 170-200g per week for the first three months of its life. They sleep 16-18 hours a day but this decreases gradually over time.

At birth, infants display a set of inherited reflexes such as sucking, blinking and grabbing.

Babies can be weaned off milk from around 3 months and the appearance of teeth allows them to switch from soft to hard foods.

They are born with around 300 bones - however most of these fuse together during their first few years of life.

Babies have a diving reflex that causes their heart rate to slow down and them to instinctively hold their breath when they are underwater.

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Between 0-2 years, they need:

love, safety, with their primary carer so that they can build trust and form a strong bond with them and will create a sense of security for the baby.

They will also need support to learn new skills such as walking and talking. They will learn how to talk by trying to copy the people around them therefore its important that they have a strong bond with their primary carer.

Being protected from illness (for example they'll start to be vaccinated for things like polio), and protection from injury is also important in their development as they are still very fragile. The first few weeks after the baby is born their immune system is still very week as its still developing therefore more likely to catch illnesses.

They'll also need a lot of activity to help them develop their fine and gross motor skills as well as their sensory skills. It will also help them develop their problem solving skills.

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Baby Development Milestones in the First Year: Rolling, First Steps, First Words, and More