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Group 3: Water management

Negative (-ve)

(Shallow) Cynics

• Employees who think saving water has little impact

• Staff who leave taps running

• Employees who ignore water-saving practices

(Deep) Critics

• Operations Manager (concerned about production disruption)

• Finance Manager (worried about investment cost)

• Maintenance Manager (concerned about additional maintenance)

Neutral

(Shallow) Unengaged

• New employees

• Contractors

• Office staff with little involvement in water usage

(Deep) Spectators

• Senior Management

• Facilities Manager

• Project Management Office (PMO)

Positive (+ve)

(Shallow) Enthusiasts

• Employees interested in sustainability

• Green Team volunteers

• Staff willing to support water-saving campaigns

(Deep) Ambassadors

• Sustainability Manager

• Environmental, Health & Safety (EHS) Team

• Water Management Vendor

• Project Sponsor

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6. Enthusiasts- Executive Sponsor / C-Suite (e.g., CEO, Chief Sustainability Officer)

Solar Technology Partners & EPC Contractors

Green Energy Community Advocates

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5. Ambassadors- ESG (Environmental, Social, & Governance) & Sustainability Teams

Clean Energy / Environmental Advocacy NGOs

Corporate Sustainability Champions

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4. Unengaged- General Contractors & Non-Energy Vendors

Peripheral Public / Distant Neighbors

Uninvolved Department Staff

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3. Spectators- Local Community Residents

General Company Employees

Local Media Outlets

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2. Cynics- Adjacent Landowners / NIMBY Groups

Traditional Energy Suppliers / Fossil Fuel Interests

Skeptical Shareholders / Executives

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1. Solar Project Stakeholders

Critics- Finance & Investment Teams

Grid Interconnection & Electrical Engineers

Legal & Regulatory Compliance Officers

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Scope 1,2, 3 GHG emissions intensity

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support initiatives that reduce environmental impact while promoting employee development and ethical business practices

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Compliance on the SDG Goals

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1. Packaging & Waste Reduction

2. Environmental Compliance

3. Carbon & Energy

4. Products & Materials

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Conditions to Include When Selecting a Vendor for a Sustainable Work Environment

1. Compliance with Environmental Regulations

Vendor must comply with all applicable environmental laws and regulations.

Possess relevant certifications such as ISO 14001 (Environmental Management System).

2. Waste Management Practices

Proper waste segregation, recycling, and disposal procedures.

Minimize landfill waste and promote circular economy practices.

3. Workplace Safety and Health Standards

Compliance with WSH requirements and risk management procedures.

Regular safety training and provision of appropriate PPE for workers.

4. Energy and Resource Efficiency

Use energy-efficient equipment and processes.

Reduce water consumption and unnecessary resource usage.

5. Use of Sustainable Materials

Prioritize environmentally friendly, recyclable, or low-carbon materials.

Reduce use of hazardous substances.

6. Carbon Footprint Reduction

Encourage low-emission transportation and logistics.

Monitor and report greenhouse gas emissions.

7. Labor and Ethical Practices

Fair employment practices and compliance with labor laws.

No child labor, forced labor, or discrimination.

8. Continuous Improvement and Reporting

Establish sustainability KPIs.

Require periodic reporting on environmental, safety, and sustainability performance

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Meet sustainability certifications eg ISO14001

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1) whether they comply to ISO 14001 Environmental Management System

2) Conduct regular safety training for employees

3) Comply with anti-bribery and anti-corruption policies

4) Waste Disposal method

5) Supply chain traceability

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recycleable material

sustainability reports

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Supplier has track record of sustainable practices: all 3Ps (People, Planet, Profits)

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Check records on their past sustainability reporting and annual report.

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how they dispose of the waste and what % are of recyclable natural?

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Use environmentally friendly or recyclable materials.

Comply with environmental regulations (e.g. NEA requirements).

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Solar Risk Related Considerations

Risks:

1- Wrong angle, not able to capture the full power of the rays

2- Prolonged Bad Weather

3- Solar Risks - high electricity consumption from non-renewal energy.
Increasing carbon emissions and energy costs (panel production).

4- Power generated depends on available land size = number solar panels.

Solution/Benefits
1- Install solar panels to generate clean, renewable electricity.

2- possible to get power 365 days

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Group 3: Waste Management Risks

Risk Category

Risk Consideration

Response Strategy

People

Employees do not separate waste correctly.

Mitigate – Provide training and clear recycling labels.

Cost

Waste disposal or recycling costs are higher than planned.

Mitigate – Obtain multiple vendor quotations and monitor costs.

Schedule

Delay in collecting waste bins or recyclable materials.

Mitigate – Engage a backup waste contractor.

Supplier

Recycling vendor fails to collect waste on time.

Transfer/Mitigate – Include service-level agreements (SLAs) and have a second vendor.

Environmental

Hazardous waste is mixed with general waste, causing pollution.

Avoid – Implement strict segregation procedures and regular audits.

Compliance

Failure to comply with NEA or environmental regulations.

Avoid – Ensure compliance with regulations and conduct inspections.

Safety

Workers are injured while handling sharp or hazardous waste.

Mitigate – Provide PPE, safe handling procedures, and training.

Quality

Contaminated recyclables cannot be recycled.

Mitigate – Educate users and inspect waste before collection.

Technology

Waste compactors or sorting machines break down.

Mitigate – Schedule preventive maintenance and keep spare parts available.

Stakeholder

Employees or tenants resist the new waste segregation programme.

Enhance communication – Explain environmental benefits and involve staff early.

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Team 1 – Electric Vehicles (EV)

Risk-Related Considerations

1. Limited charging infrastructure – Difficulty locating charging stations, particularly when travelling in Malaysia.

2. Battery and charging risks – Potential for battery overheating (thermal runaway), which may result in fire hazards.

3. Power overloading – Increased electricity demand may overload the power grid or charging systems.

4. High ownership costs – Higher upfront purchase price, road tax, maintenance costs, and insurance premiums compared to conventional vehicles.

5. Environmental impact – Challenges associated with the disposal and recycling of lithium-ion batteries, which may pose environmental risks.

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Alignment with UN SDGs

Single‑use plastic issues directly impact:

SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

SDG 14: Life Below Water

SDG 13: Climate Action

SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities

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Regulatory & Policy Exposure: Governments worldwide are enforcing Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) mandates, placing the financial burden of waste management directly on manufacturers. Furthermore, single-use plastic bans (such as the EU SUP Directive) and plastic packaging taxes directly threaten product lines and narrow operating margins.

Stranded Asset Risk: Investors with high exposure to petrochemical companies producing virgin polymers face asset devaluation as global demand shifts toward recycled resins, alternative materials, and reusable packaging systems.

Litigation & Brand Equity Risks: Consumer-facing brands (especially in Fast-Moving Consumer Goods / FMCG) face growing class-action lawsuits over plastic pollution cleanup costs and "greenwashing" claims regarding recyclability.

Supply Chain Volatility: Relying exclusively on fossil-fuel-derived virgin plastics leaves companies vulnerable to crude oil and natural gas price volatility and potential feedstock quotas under emerging international framework treaties.

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He trusted his logic and judgment rather than following protocol blindly.

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Do they thought of a back up plan?

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He was relying more on his instincts then a technology which he is mended to do early detection and enables him to raise counter strike. His military experience and thought process made him to do an exceptional decision.

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Amazing he is so calm evaluating the evidence and not follow protocol to counter attack.

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It is better to have second confirmation. Never launch he has early retirement. If he launch, we all have early retirement

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Experience over technology risk.

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if there's been a rocket for rocket during that time, the world would mostly still have more developing countries then now..

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never launch, get early retirement..

if he launch, dunno wat he get

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he probably had little confidence in soviet technology, and know of how easy it was to have been a mistake

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world destruction if he had decided to launch the rockets

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Group 3: LED Project

Liking – Highlight stories of employees or teams who benefited from LED lighting (better workspace comfort, reduced eye strain). People relate more when they see peers enjoying the change.

Reciprocity – Offer small incentives, like free LED desk lamps or recognition for early adopters, to encourage wider support.

Social Proof – Show that other offices, departments, or industry leaders have already switched to LEDs and achieved savings.

Consistency – Ask stakeholders to commit to small steps first (e.g., pilot LED installation in one area) before scaling up.

Authority – Use expert endorsements or certifications (e.g., green building standards) to validate the benefits of LEDs.

Scarcity – Emphasize limited‑time subsidies, rebates, or bulk purchase discounts for LED upgrades to drive faster decisions.

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change conventional office lighting to economical and environmatally friendly LEDs

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Push- Lawerence wong speak to caninet

Pull - Lawerence wong spoke at nation day rally

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TV commercial = Push

Searching YouTube for a video = Pull

Mass email from HR = Push

Opening your inbox to find a document you need = Pull.

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Push: Info delivered to you

Pull: Info you go and get

Interactive: Live two-way exchange

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Pull - Disaster Announcement and critical measures, evacuation steps (TV, Radio) larger media

Push - Request for casaulties details and info (email

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Push: Notice or Announcement to a specific target audience

Pull: Advertisement, Campaign, Social Media, etc,

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Push communication

Email, Apps message, announcements

Pull communication

Shared drives, dashboard

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Push: Email

Pull: Townhall

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Asking you questions is Pull

Your lectures is PUSH

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Push: Top down instruction from Managers to staffs.

Pull: Running Townhall with all the Numbers and upcoming Perks for the next Quarter/Half

Interactive: Running a challenge to ensure everyone gets the point and participate in the activity

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Push- emails, MS teams, Workspace

Pull- Toolbox meeting, Safety celebration

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Push: Task given by management

Pull: Meeting

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Pull: group discussion

Push: email

Interactive: socmed

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Push: email Pull: sharepoint. interactive: Zoom.

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Push- Manager speak to a group of worker

Pull- Government speak to all the people

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Pull: Government Gazette Notices

Push: Mother shouting to everyone: Dinnertime!

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Advantage:

Clear accountability – RASI clearly identifies who is responsible and accountable for each task, reducing confusion and improving ownership.

Disadvantage:

Can be time-consuming – Creating and maintaining a RASI matrix requires time and effort, especially for large or complex projects.

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We use RACI in our construction package works to clearly define the role & responsibility of the contractors, designer & main con. This reduce conflicts.

Problem is this can be time consuming and can create finger pointing.

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Advantages

Prevents duplication of work.

Improves accountability.

Enhances communications and coordination.

Reduces confusion and conflicts (fire fighting).

Ensures stakeholders know their level of involvement.

Disadvantages:
Time-consuming to create for large projects.
Can become outdated if roles change.

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Advantage: gives a good overview of major responsibility

Disadvantage: still feels vague for certain roles and responsibilities (not detail enough)

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Advantage: define the role and responsiblility

Disadvantage: pushing of responsibilities, reluctant to participate

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useful for companies with a group of people for the projects.

In SME, the RA mixture could be mostly on 1 pax.

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Advantages:

Establishes Single-Point Accountability

Streamlines Communication

Disadvantages:

Common Misapplication & Confusion

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RACI is great for clarity and accountability, but can be rigid and complex if not managed carefully.

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Adv:

1. Eliminates role ambiguity

2. Prevents duplication

Disadv:

1. Does not capture all relationship types

2. May encourage silos??

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Advantage - increase accountability and ownership

Disadvantage - over emphasise on hierarchy

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Improves ownership and helps communication - less confusion

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advantage: more clearer roles

disadvantage: blame game

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Advantages of RACI

1. Clarifies roles and responsibilities – Everyone knows who is Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, and Informed.

2. Improves communication – Ensures the right people are involved at the right time.

3. Prevents duplication and confusion – Reduces overlapping work and gaps in responsibilities.

Disadvantages of RACI

1. Time-consuming to develop – Requires effort to define all roles accurately.

2. Can become complex – Large projects with many tasks and stakeholders make the matrix difficult to manage.

3. May become outdated – Needs regular updates as project roles change.

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Very efficient to zoom in on blaming the individual for anything that goes wrong.

Is that and advantage or disadvantage?

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advantage- role clearly define

Disadvantage: finger pointing

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13: Stop burning plastic, reduce GHG, BYOB, More 3Rs, reduce single use plastic, Emergency preparedness for extreme weather and climate-related risks.

14: SG promoting coral reefs, reduce coastal projects, Prevention of water pollution from workplace activities.

15: More greenery on building, Vertical Farming, Green Walls, promotes wetlands, isolate pulau ubin as conservatory, Protection of surrounding ecosystems during site operatio

16: Good government, transparent practise, Strong safety governance, compliance, and reporting systems

17: the world working together for greater good. World Peace, Collaboration with contractors, regulators, and stakeholders to improve WSH performance.

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Group 1

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Group 3- SDGs 9 to 12: Govt-focused

9. Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure

High investment costs, outdated infrastructure, slow technology adoption, cybersecurity risks, shortage of skilled workers.

10. Reduced Inequalities

Income inequality, unequal access to education and healthcare, discrimination, unequal employment opportunities.

11. Sustainable Cities & Communities

Urban congestion, air pollution, affordable housing shortages, waste management, climate resilience.

12. Responsible Consumption & Production

Overconsumption, excessive waste, plastic pollution, limited recycling, resource depletion, unsustainable supply chains.

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1. Meaningful Retirement - Awesome!

2. 40/50s - Jobless or Working but Tired

3. Lower Expenses & Strong Bank Account/CPF

4. Passive Income stream/Investment/4D/TOTO/SugarMum/SugarDaddy/Part-time/OverseasLocations

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Group 3: Waste Management

1. Target

Achieve Zero Waste to Landfill by reducing general waste and increasing recycling over the next 12 months.

2. Current Condition

Factory generates 500 kg of general waste per week.

Only 30% of waste is recycled.

Waste segregation is inconsistent.

3. Next Target Condition

Increase the recycling rate from 30% to 50% within 3 months.

Reduce general waste from 350 kg to 250 kg per week.

4. Experiments

Introduce colour-coded recycling bins.

Train employees on proper waste segregation.

Conduct weekly waste audits.

Work with suppliers to reduce packaging materials.

Monitor waste data using a dashboard.

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PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) a continuous improvement tool for sustainability initiatives. (Sheena)

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Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) & Product Impact

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For our LED project example

LCA: Compare full impact of LED vs traditional lights (monitoring of power consumption)

Supplier audit: Verify LED chips are conflict‑free, packaging is recyclable, and manufacturing meets energy standards

Pareto: Identify which component or supplier contributes most to carbon footprint

Control chart: Track recycled material % in fixtures over time

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Life cycle assesment tool

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Smart Monitoring & IoT Sensors: Deploying sensors (e.g., motion/occupancy sensors, energy meters) integrated with statistical process control (SPC) quality tools to track resource usage in real time, identify consumption trends, and continuously optimize efficiency.

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Water Usage and Reutilization Chart

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4. Supplier Sustainability Scorecard.

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Carbon footprint analysis tool

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Check Sheet – Collect data (e.g., defects, waste, energy usage).

Pareto Chart – Identify the biggest sources of waste or emissions (80/20 rule).

Cause-and-Effect (Fishbone/Ishikawa) Diagram – Analyze root causes of sustainability issues.

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My PUB bill to measure my efforts to reduce water & electricity consumption

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Checklist

Flow chart

Weighted Matrix

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Life Cycle assessment

Sustainability standard & Certification checklist

Material input per service unit

Carbon and water foot print calculation

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Motion sensors to switch off lights when nobody is around. can connect to statistical collection to measure effectivness, etc, to finetune even better

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Life Cycle Assessment Tools

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Team 3: What are the advantages of Pull over Push

a. Allow focus execution

b. improve workflow

c. respond better to change

d. encourages accountability/ownership

e. Improve collaboration

f. Takt time

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Group 1

Why do you think limiting Work In Process (WIP) is important?

- Reduce multi-tasking

-Able to stay focus on the task

-Easy to monitor

-Reduce leadtime

-Improve the quality of work

-Smooth workflow

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Group 4

1. 3. Visual Status Tracking (At-a-Glance Control)

Most Kamishibai cards are double-sided:

Green Side: Task completed or standard met.

Red Side: Task pending, missed, or a non-conformance/issue was found.

Anyone walking past the board can instantly gauge the operational health of a team or department without opening a spreadsheet or asking for a report.

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Group 2: LED Light Installation (Manufacturing Plant – Trial Phase)

Project Dependency & Activity Logic Summary

📌 Core Dependencies

Type

Description

1. Mandatory Dependency

Existing lights must be fully removed before new LED installation can start

2. External Dependency

All LED fixtures, sensors and accessories must be delivered by the supplier first

3. Internal Dependency

Full inspection and testing of existing electrical wiring must be completed prior to installation

4. Discretionary Dependency

Detailed scheduling, resource allocation and work planning must be finalized before work commences.  Temporary Storage for old and LED lightings. Sharing of schedule with all.

Group 2: LED Light Installation (Manufacturing Plant – Trial Phase)

Project Dependency & Activity Logic Summary

⏱️ Activities with Lead Time

Install sensors and timers – this activity must be completed before LED light installation begins (acts as a pre-requisite lead task to ensure controls are ready). Testing of LED lights before installation.

⏳ Activities with Lag Time

Lag Condition

Duration

Rationale

1. After all LED lights are mounted. 2 days

Waiting period for commissioning checks, stability testing and power verification

2. After ceiling painting work is completed

48 hours

Paint to dry

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Group 4

1. Management approval / manpower / availability of LED lights

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Lead Time activities - Install sensors and timers (to be completed before LED light begins)

LAG time activities - Afterall LED lights are mounted, 2 days waiting period for commissioning checks, stability testing and power verification. After ceiling is painted, need to wait 48 hours before LED can be installed

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⏱️ Activities with Lead Time

- Install sensors and timers – this activity must be completed before LED light installation begins (acts as a pre-requisite lead task to ensure controls are ready).

⏳ Activities with Lag Time

Lag Condition: After all LED lights are mounted

Duration:

- 2 days waiting period for commissioning checks, stability testing and power verification

- Wait for ceiling painting work is completed, 48 hours Paint to dry before installation of LED lights to commence.