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On the morning of September 11, 2001, 19 Arab terrorists hijacked 4 airliners heading from East Coast airports to California. In a series of coordinated attacks, the hijackers crashed 2 planes into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, 1 plane into the Pentagon outside of Washington D.C., and 1 plane into an empty field in Pennsylvania. Nearly 3,000 people died and all passengers on the 4 planes died due to the attacks. (Module 32)

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The 2008 financial crisis was one of the most devastating crashes of the economy since the Great Depression. This was caused by the collapse of the U.S. housing bubble and the over widespread of subprime mortgages. Too much money was given to people who had poor credit history. This led to a global recession, rising unemployment and declining consumer wealth.

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Hurricane Katrina was one of the deadliest category 5 hurricanes to hit the United States. It is estimated that approximately 1,833 people died in the hurricane and the flooding that followed. Millions of people were left homeless along the Gulf Coast and in New Orleans. Hurricane Katrina caused around $161 billion in damage, and is the costliest hurricane on record.

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The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)

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The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)

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"The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King" presents the final battle between the forces of good and evil fighting for control of the future of Middle-earth. Hobbits Frodo and Sam reach Mordor in their quest to destroy the `one ring', while Aragorn leads the forces of good against Sauron's evil army at the stone city of Minas Tirith.

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Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006)

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Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006)

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When Sparrow's debt is settled, Davy Jones opens the chest to find his is heart missing. Norrington gives Beckett the Letters and Jones's heart, reinstating him in the Navy and allowing the East India Trading Company to gain control of Davy Jones, the "Flying Dutchman," and the Kraken.

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Pandora is the world where the Na'vi live. Because the planet's environment is poisonous, human/Na'vi hybrids, called Avatars, must link to human minds to allow for free movement on Pandora. Jake Sully, who is a paralyzed former Marine, becomes mobile again through one such Avatar and falls in love with a Na'vi women, Neytiri. As a bond with her grows, he is drawn into a battle for the survival of her world.

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Kid A is the fourth album released by the band Radiohead. This album was released on October 2, 2000. Kid A debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and became Radiohead's first number-one album on the US Billboard 200. It also won a grammy for Best Alternative Album and was nominated for Album of the Year.

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The Marshall Mathers LP is the third album released by the artist Eminem. It was released on May 23, 2000. The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, staying atop for eight consecutive weeks. It was nominated for Album of the Year and won Best Rap Album at the 2001 Grammy Awards.

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“Avatar (2009) - Plot.” IMDb, https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0499549/plotsummary/. Accessed 11 June 2025.

“The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) - Plot.” IMDb, https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0167260/plotsummary/. Accessed 11 June 2025.

“Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006) - Plot.” IMDb, https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0383574/plotsummary/. Accessed 11 June 2025.

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Stankonia is the fourth album released by the duo Outkast. It was released on October 31, 2000. The album debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 chart, selling over 530,000 copies the first week. At the 44th Annual Grammy Awards, Outkast won Best Rap Album for Stankonia and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for "Ms. Jackson".

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The Rise of The Internet and Social Media

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The Rise of The Internet and Social Media

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MySpace was one of the first social media platforms to reach millions of monthly users. This rise was marked in 2004. In 2005, Youtube was launched, also becoming a huge platform to contribute to the rise of social media. Thanks to social media, people can share videos, text, call, and even more!

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The Development of Digital Music Players 

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The Development of Digital Music Players 

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The iPod played a crucial role in the rise of digital music players. The rise of smartphones led to the decline of mp3 players. Many streaming services were made, Spotify being the most popular. Physical media started to decline because of digital music, but it transformed the way music will be listened to.

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The introduction of the touchscreen phone in 2000. Between the decade, many technological improvements and developments were made to phones. These developments would impact the future for cell phones.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kid_A#:~:text=Kid%20A%20debuted%20at%20number,for%20Album%20of%20the%20Year.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Marshall_Mathers_LP

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stankonia

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Poo-Chi - Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poo-Chi. Accessed 12 June 2025.

ingraham, nathan. “20 years ago Apple introduced the iPod, the perfect gateway drug to the Mac.” Engadget, 23 October 2021, https://www.engadget.com/apple-ipod-20th-anniversary-140004112.html. Accessed 12 June 2025.

https://www.vogue.com/article/fashion-runway-ugg-boots

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https://www.olympics.com/en/news/michael-phelps-olympic-medals-record-how-many-gold-swimmer-world-record

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Usain-Bolt

https://www.nbcsports.com/golf/news/tiger-woods-in-2000-event-results-record-and-earnings-on-the-pga-tour

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Accettola, Anna. “Mobile phones in the 2000s.” EBSCO, https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/communication-and-mass-media/mobile-phones-2000s. Accessed 12 June 2025.

Edison, Thomas. “History of Music Machines | Evolution of Music Players.” Volo Museum, 19 June 2020, https://www.volocars.com/blog/history-of-music-machines. Accessed 12 June 2025.

Ortiz, Esteban. “The rise of social media.” Our World in Data, 18 September 2019, https://ourworldindata.org/rise-of-social-media. Accessed 12 June 2025.

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Michael Phelps is a U.S. olympics swimmer who went to compete in the 2008 Beijing Olympics. He competed in all 8 events and won gold in all events, setting 7 world records. He ended up winning gold medals in the 400-metre individual medley, 200-metre freestyle, 100-metre butterfly, 200-metre butterfly, 200-metre medley, 4x100m freestyle, 4x200m freestyle and 4x100m medley. He broke his own world records in the first categories while setting new ones in every other category except the 100-metre butterfly.

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Usain Bolt is a Jamaican sprinter who is considered as the fastest sprinter of all time. At the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, Bolt became the first man since American Carl Lewis in 1984 to win the 100 meters, 200 meters, and 4 × 100-meter relay in a single Olympics and the first ever to set world records (9.69 sec, 19.30 sec, and 37.10 sec, respectively) in all three events. At the 2009 world championships, Bolt shattered his 100-meter record, winning the event final in 9.58 sec. Four days later he broke his own 200-meter record by the same 0.11-sec margin to win a second gold medal at the world championships.

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The Poo-Chi was a robot dog that was released in 2000. This was a popular fad because it was a robot and a dog! The toy was marketed for mostly young children and even teen audiences. The robot dog would speak, bark, whine, growl, and even sing. The toy was later discontinued in 2002, but other versions with the same idea still exist today.

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In the early 2000s, ugg boots were highly desired shoes. Many models and celebrities wore uggs, contributing to this fad. They were popular with teens because of this reason. Everyone wore them because they were deemed cool. The most popular shoe was the tall boots.

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The iPod revolutionized digital music to what it is today. The iPod was tiny where you could fit it in your pocket at all times! The iPod also became a fashion statement which built onto the 2000's fad. Many people used iPods for their music, making the small device so popular in the 2000's. The legacy of this device continues to live on today.

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Tiger Woods’ 1999 PGA Tour season was among the best in history. He won eight times (including a major), had 16 top-10s in 21 starts and earned a record $6.6 million. Woods’ 2000 campaign was (and still is) arguably the greatest in golf history. Coming off four consecutive Tour wins to end ’99, he won his first two official starts in 2000 before the streak ended at Torrey Pines. Woods won 45% of his starts and finished first or second in 65% of them. So good was his performance, all of his top-10 finishes were actually in the top 5 (85% for the season)

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https://www.history.com/articles/9-11-attacks

https://www.britannica.com/money/financial-crisis-of-2007-2008

https://www.georgewbushlibrary.gov/research/topic-guides/hurricane-katrina