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¿Which films or directors have helped shape this country’s culturl identity?

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¿Which films or directors have helped shape this country’s culturl identity?

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Film: This Is England (2006)
Director: Shane Meadows

Set in 1980s England, Shaun is befriended by and then joins a gang of skinheads. The film shows the process by which young people negotiate the formation of personal and cultural identities in an era of nationalism, racism, and social unrest.

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Film: Moonlight (2016)
Director: Barry Jenkins

Chiron is tracked from boyhood through manhood, negotiating the harsh realities of poverty homophobia, and racism while seeking a path to personal identity and self-acceptance.

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This Is England and Moonlight are films that speak to one another on the theme of identity, yet a vast array of differing contexts and perspectives mediates that conversation. This Is England shows the national and cultural identities forged by social pressure at a moment of political unrest and re-emergent extremism in 1980s Britain; it shows how the young take on collective ideologies as a means of belonging. Moonlight offers an intimate portrait of individual identity, depicting one person's emotional journey toward self-acceptance in a setting of racism, poverty, and homophobia. Where the former conceptualizes identity asocial and collective construction, the latter locates identity as a very personal and internal struggle.

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How is body image or beauty portrayed in local media or advertising in this country?

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How is body image or beauty portrayed in local media or advertising in this country?

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Body image representations in UK media and advertising have typically been based on slimness and a Eurocentric definition of beauty which conforms to individuals with lighter skin, thin bodies and standardised facial features. Recently, there has been an attempt to represent more media diversity. Everybody is beautiful in any body shape and size - to quote campaigns such as Dove's "Real Beauty", and brands such as ASOS and Boots who now use a variety of models with different sizes, ethnic backgrounds and visible disabilities. In the intervening years there has been criticism that mainstream media continues to portray unrealistic body image ideals through editing, and using social media influencers for content.

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In the U.S, beauty standards have been established by Hollywood and the fashion industry, specifically the expectations of youth, thinness (especially for women), muscularity (for men), and whiteness. Over the last decade, there has been an increasing effort toward body positivity and diversity in representation. Brands such as Fenty Beauty, Aerie, and Savage X Fenty have positively contributed to challenging the established norms and expectations by promoting diversity in skin tones, body types, and gender expression. Nonetheless, the beauty industry and mainstream media continue to espouse filtered images that sediment ideals on social media platforms such as Instagram and TikTok that many people struggle to conform to.

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Historical standards of beauty in media and advertising in both the UK and the US are idealized, idealized and based largely on Eurocentric features coupled with thinner body shapes. Recently, both the UK and US have been working to establish a wider spectrum of representation, with brands questioning the traditional ideals of beauty by presenting a full range of body types, skin tones and identities. The campaigns in the UK tended to emphasize natural beauty and visible imperfections, while the US fashion industry has more commercial momentum to define inclusivity (however, driven through celebrity or influencer led brands). Despite progress, efforts in both countries have universal challenges when it comes to breaking away from traditional and unrealistic ideals of beauty that have been entrenched in a number of marketing and stigmatization campaigns throughout history.