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1000AD

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Industrial Revolution

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2000

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Wind-powered water pumps were used in China & Windmills with woven-reed blades were used to grind grain in Persia and the Middle East

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Small wind-electric generators (wind turbines) were widely used in the US

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Oil shortages created an interest in developing alternative energy sources, such as wind energy; the US federal government supported research and development of large wind turbines

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Dr. Enrico Fermi initiated the first controlled nuclear chain reaction

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Total US nuclear summer electricity generation capacity peaked at 102,000 MW

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Newest nuclear reactor to enter service since 2016 is Unit 3 at the Alvin W. Vogtle Electric Generating Plant in Georgia

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demonstration of the (recently invented) Diesel engine running on peanut oil

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Hydropower was beginning to be used for electricity (First hydroelectric plants DC)

The Niagara Falls hydropower station opened. It provided electricity to local area

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U.S Federal Power Commission carrie out study of large-scale tidal power plants

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Ethanol and sometimes vegetable oil used as fuels during first and second world wars

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Nova Scota Light and Power commisioned another set of studies

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The Columbia River Trety was signed between U.S. and Canada. Under the treaty Canada built two dams for storage and one dam for generation.

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NASA found out that using silicon in solar cells increased efficiency

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OPEC embargo of US (and other countries) prompts interest in domestic energy alternatives, including ethanol and biodiesel

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First solar cell was invented. Used selenium and was less than 1% efficient

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First commercial-scale tidal power plant in Rance Estuary near St. Malo, France.

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Between 6% and 10% of U.S. electricity comes from hydropower, depending on water supply and annual rainfall. In total, the United States has about 80,000 megawatts of conventional capacity and 18,000 megawatts of pumped storage capacity.

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in Britain, begin to use gas derived from coal to light houses and streets

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Traditional biomass is the main source of energy for much of the world.

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Kyoto Protocol was signed by 41 different countries to reduce ghg emissions. (Start of mass green energy revolution)

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Geothermal 1922 - John D. Grant has success with the US’s first geothermal power plant.

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in Fredonia, NY first commercial natural gas well in US

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Industrial Revolution, Biomass use dropped in place of fossil fuels such as coal.

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Geothermal 1960 - The first large-scale geothermal electricity generating plant begins operation through Pacific Gas and Electric.

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Geothermal- EVERYTHING 1977 - The U.S. DOE (Department of Energy) is formed

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12% of 292 million tons of MSW produced in the United States processed in waste-to-energy plants.

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First oil wells were drilled by the Chinese using bamboo poles (mainly for salt & brine)

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COAL 1800’s - Coal became the leading source of energy for locomotive engines; coal was also used to create the iron rails which in turn brought the use of coal (and the need) across the country.

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first economical use of hydraulic fracking for gas from shale, followed by boom in gas production using this technique

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COAL 1882 - The first ‘practical’ coal fired electric generating station went into operation in New York City to supply energy to households.

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Oil was first discovered in America in Pennsylvania by Edwin Drake

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COAL 1961 - Coal had become the leading source of energy used by electric utilities in the US.

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Henry Ford creates the Model T car. First mass produced inexpensive vehicle