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Annelids developed the perfect body for digging with a simple, powerful, segmented design.

A flowering worm creates the illusion of a flower with their head, while the rest of their body remains hidden underground.

Worms can build tube houses to survive low tides outside of water.

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1. They have no definite shape
2. Sponges can continously improve themselves
3. They were the first animal and were able to survive in all types od conditions

Ex. Demosponges

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1. More than 15,000 species of annelids are found by scientists.
2. Annelids have adapted to almost every environment, including the most harsh conditions.
3. Annelids have evolved to have powerful muscle and they have mastered digging to survive in multitudes of environment. For example, feather duster worm have developed feather-looking appearances to avoid danger.

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Flatworms are the first animals with a head and brains
Moved by means of tiny cilia along with muscles
Stereo senses allow hunters to location prey with triangulation which allowed flatworms to hunt well

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1. Echinoderms have a 5 part symmetry body.
2. Echinoderms have a nerve ring that coordinates movement in its arms.
3. Echinoderms have hydraulically powered tubed feet.

Ex: Sea stars

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1. Echinoderms vary widely in size.

2. Echinoderms live in the ocean.

3. Echinoderms have skeletons made of calcium carbonate.

An example of an echinoderm is a starfish.

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1. Sponges have no definite shape and vary according to their habitats. 2. Sponges can regenerate lost parts of its structure. 3. Sponges have to pump a ton of water to just obtain one ounce of food. 

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1. Sponges have no definite shape and vary according to their habitats. 2. Sponges can regenerate lost parts of its structure. 3. Sponges have to pump a ton of water to just obtain one ounce of food. 

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1.  Marine arthropods were the first organisms to develop complex eyes.
2. Marine arthropods have the ability to evolve and adapt rapidly. As a result, there are more species of marine arthropods than any other group.
3. Marine arthropods were the first organisms to evolve to survive on land.

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- Over 20000 types of flatworms
- First animal with brain and eyes
- Move with many small cilia

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1. When a sponge is split into multiple different parts it is capable of ‘resurrection’ and just turns into multiple sponges, which something no other animals can do.
2. The way that the sponge gets food is by pumping through lots of water and getting all the food particles it can from the water.
3. Sponges are the first creatures to reproduce sexually with the use of spermicide to fertilize an egg.

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1. They were the second animal that came after sponges
2. Cnidarians had sensative tentacles, which gave them behavior.
3. They were the first organisms with mouths and stoumachs that could move.

Ex. Sea anemone

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1. Have a labyrinth of holes, tunnels, and chambers
2. Have no nervous system, muscles, limbs, and a brain
3. Have no definite shape

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Annelids don’t have a skeleton, but they have a nervous system
They can build structures to hide in and protect themselves from the environment
The leeches have evolved anesthetic to hide its bite

Ex. Spaghetti worm

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1. Ancestors of millipedes have reinforced tubes called trachea in order to draw oxygen.
2. Ancestors of spiders pursued any animal that moved.
3. Dragonfly males fight other dragonflies for territory.

Ex. Millipede

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- Mollusks have a large foot to move
- Some mollusks have a shell
- Some mollusks can sting
- They have radula in mouth to grind food

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1. Marine arthropods were the first creature to venture onto land, and they invaded every realm of the plant.
2. Arthropods can adapt to any opportunity and evolve accordingly. They have developed the first complex eyes that can see details, jointed legs that provide stability and shock absorption, and appendages like antennas.
3. For example, lobsters have jointed legs and one of which developed into a strong claw, the tail, that can hunt and protect themselves.

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1. Terrestrial arthropods were the first group of animals to move from the sea  to land and air.

2. Terrestrial arthropods shed their exoskeletons to grow.

3. Terrestrial arthropods have jointed appendages as well as a segmented body

An example of a terrestrial arthropod is a spider.

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Ancient flatworms were the first to have a head and a brain

Flatworms have both male and female sex organs

Flatworms have a mouth on the underside of their body, and use a pharynx to suck down their prey

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They are the first organisms to have tentacles that could reach out and perceive the world.
They were also the first organisms to have movable mouths and stomachs.
Cnidarians have two sets of muscles, meaning they can bend in any direction.

Ex. Anemones

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1. Eyes can sense intensity and direction of light.
2. They have a mouth that extends from the underside of their center.
3. First species to have an internalized fertilization system.

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1. Have nematocysts which are used to capture food
2. Only have an ectoderm and an endoderm
3. Can bend in any direction

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1. The joints of their legs allow them a wide range of movement and habitats
2. The exoskeleton of arthopods provide protection to their internal organs and can molt or regrow.
3. Arthopod’s mouth appendages serves to both eat and breath.

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1. Marine arthropods have jointed legs which provide stability and shock absorption as well as great flexibility.
2. They developed sensors such as antennae to be able to move around better.
3. They shed their exoskeleton through a process called molting. They have a soft shell under it and the process of hardening takes 2 days. Those two days are very dangerous as they become very susceptible to predators.

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1. Echinoderms have a nerve ring that coordinates their movements

2. They have a form of radial symmetry called 5 part symmetry.

3. They have sensory feet that can tell them where food is or where to move in the ocean

Example: Sea urchins are echinoderms

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Most molluscs have some kind of foot to bestow mobility.
Molluscs use a unique rasping tongue to attain food, which is known as a radula.
A fold of skin known as the mantle protects the internal organs of the mollusc, and it secretes the shell.

Ex. Leafy horn mouth

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1. Terrestrial arthropods were the first animals to venture on to land.
2. Through evolution, their gills changed into lungs so they could breathe air where oxygen was more plentiful.
3. Hunting in fresh water was an easy task and it allowed arthropods such as dragonfly larvae to easily catch prey.

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Mollusks usually have a shell to protect themselves
They usually have a single foot that can be used for movement, burrowing, or predatory purposes
The teeth in their mouth, called radula are sharp and can act like mini chainsaws, and are specialized for certain foods.

Ex: Snail

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The echinoderms body is based on five part symmetry
They have thousands of bone platelets under the skin. The muscles are tiny, but can flex in any direction
Urchins don’t have eyes, so they use the feet to taste the water

Ex. The sea cucumber

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Early mollusks have a foot that aids mobility

Mollusks adapted to float in the water and use their foot for jet propulsion

They later began living on the ocean floor once more as octopi without a protective shell but we’re able to choke their prey

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The mantle protect all the vital organs which also produce the trademark shells
Their single foot has no bones so it can stretch out while still holding on
Molluscs have developed radulas which a serrated teeth that can cut through or break various substances

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A dragonfly, a type of terrestrial arthropod.

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1. Many terrestrial arthropods, such as dragonflies, develop in water until they are an adult. When they become an adult, the move to land.
2. Terrestrial arthropods undergo metamorphosis to transfer from juvenile to adult.
3. Terrestrial arthropods were the first organisms to develop wings and fly. This strategy was so effective that to this day, three fourths of all animals are flying insects.

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1. Sponges have no definite shapes, they vary based on their habitats.
2. In sponges, cell to cell communication is very important, because each cell does everything.
3. Sponges feed by sucking in water, and filtering food for themselves. To get an ounce of food, they’d need to drink a ton of water or more. Sponges filter water very quickly.

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1. Mollusks survive because their body plan adapts endlessly and ingeniously.
2. Octopi are equipped with intelligence, an ability for disguise, and an eight-armed attack.
3. Mollusks spend most of their life on the ocean floor.

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Flatworms are the first organisms with a head and brain

Their mouth is on the underside of their body and they can suck in prey using a pharynx

They have both male and female sex organs

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1. The cnidarians were the first animals to have sensitive tentacles.
2. They were pioneers of animal movement with their sets of muscles and their nerves, it was the first creature of its time to have these features and it passed those features to most all animals today.
3. Some cnidarians eventually evolved into jelly fish and siphonophores, the longest predator in the world.

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1. The first animals to have movement, using muscles and a nervous system.
2. They are predators, and they inject their pray with poison so that they can eat them while they are paralyzed.
3. The early cnidrarians evolved into jellyfish, making them possibly one of the first animals to swim in the water.

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1. Annelids have a segmented body with a set of powerful muscles.
2. Annelids have a gut that runs from head to tail.
3. Annelids have more than 15,000 species and have adapted to many environments.
Ex: feather duster worm

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An example of a cnidarian is a jellyfish.

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An example of a cnidarian is a jellyfish.

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1. Electrical impulses cause the animal to flex itself in the perfect pose.
2. Nematocysts have poisonous threadlike structures that can pierce its target.
3. Cnidarians make up coral reefs.

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1. They have nerve rings to relay the sensory and motor signals throughout the body.

2. Urchins love to eat giant kelp and don’t have eyes.

3. Some echinoderms have tubed feet that are used in locomotion.

Ex. Starfish

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1. Their tentacles are covered in barbed harpoons full of toxin.
2. The first creature to have sensitive tentacles.
3. They can have battles that can last for days.

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1. Terrestrial Arthropods were the first animals to come on land

2. Terrestrial Arthropods such as dragonflies fight for their territory.

3.  The exoskeleton, usually made of chitin is shed in order for the organism to grow.

Example: Dragonfly

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1. Sponges lack a nervous system, muscles, limbs, and a brain.
2. Sponge cells have many responsibilities and needs to cover for the sponge’s lack of organs.
3. Sponge cells have the ability to recognize one another and resurrect and form a new sponge.

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most have a foot to help them move

use a radula to eat

have adapted in many different ways, such as being able to swim quickly (squid) and being able to camoflauge (octopuses)

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Worms like this African Nightcrawler shown in the image caption digest small masses of discarded plant matter

They aerate soil when they move, as they consume and excrete soil in front of them to create pathways of movement

During rain, some worms venture out from the soil to find mates, though they risk the danger of drying up when the rain abates

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Annelids have a powerful, segmented body that can be used for burrowing.
There are also over 15,000 species all over the world.
They don’t have a skeleton; instead, they have a nervous system and a gut that runs from head to tail.

Ex: Bloodworm

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- There are over 15,000 species of annelids.
- They have adapted to almost all of the different environments on Earth including the deep sea.
- They have a segmented body with strong muscles and an advanced nervous system.
- One example is the sabellid which has a head that looks similarly to a flower and it collects food and nutrients from the water around it.

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- They are based on a 5 body part plan.
- They have a nerve ring instead of a brain.
- They have no head, face or eyes most of the times and instead use nerves on the end of feet and tubes to tell their surroundings.
- One example is the sea urchin which has a mouth hidden behind a bunch of feet that sense and bring food to it.

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1. They were the first creatures to venture to land.

2. They eventually evolved to be able to fly. An adaption that now is present in over 3/4 of the insect population.

3. Predators, like the spider, adapted to be able to catch flying creatures with weapons like webs.

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1. They are based off a five part symmetry.

2. Their censor receptors pick up light and darkness but cannot create images.

3. They mostly prey on easy victims like mussels that cannot run away or fight back.