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There are many ways to reduce acid rain. The most effective way to reduce acid rain is through the decrease of pollutants humans release into the air. Combating climate change will, in turn, reduce the production of acid rain. Cars and trucks are the main cause of acid rain. Car companies are required to manufacture in a way that reduces the amount of NOx and SO2. Laws should be changed that force companies to control the number of harmful pollutants that are released into the air.

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Acid rain mainly affects aquatic life. After an acid rainfall the contaminated water flows into lakes, ponds and other freshwater bodies. The acid water changes the Ph of the body of water. Most freshwater ponds and lakes have a pH of 6-8. The acidity of the acid rain lowers the pH of the water. Acidic water destroys aquatic plant and animal life. A decrease in pH levels causes an increase in aluminum which is directly toxic to fish. High aluminum levels can cause chronic stress that decreases the size of fish and makes them less able to compete for food. At pH 5 fish eggs might not even hatch.

Aluminum from acid rain affects not only aquatic life. Aluminum leaches into the soil and impacts tree growth. The acidity of the rain dissolves essential nutrients that trees use to grow. Nutrients like magnesium and calcium break down when exposed to aluminum. Acid rain can also decrease the tree's ability to carry out photosynthesis. Another harmful result of acid rain is that it causes trees to grow weaker making them more vulnerable to diseases and weather.

When it comes to air quality, everything is connected. Acid rain cannot directly harm the human body, but the sulfur dioxide produced by acid rain can cause health problems. In particular, sulfur dioxide particles can promote chronic lung problems such as asthma and bronchitis. In addition, nitrogen oxides that produce acid rain promote the formation of ground-level ozone. While ground-level ozone helps block UV light, it promotes serious lung problems such as chronic pneumonia and emphysema.  When acid rain falls on a hill, acid rain produces a thick acidic mist that hangs low, obstructing vision and irritating the eyes and nose. Acidic fog also affects trees and plants, causing the leaves to turn brown and wilt.

“Limestone and marble are primarily composed of the mineral calcite (calcium carbonate), which dissolves readily in weak acid; in fact, this characteristic is often used to identify the mineral calcite.” This means buildings that are made out of limestone and marble, will be affected. Over time they may look worn down/ eaten away. A crust also forms on monuments and buildings made out of this, called gypsum. It's a reaction between calcite, water, and sulfuric acid that forms a mineral. Although the risk is low now, if humans continue to pollute and produce acid rain it may get to the point where the acid rain causes buildings to collapse and statues to erode past the point of recognition. This is why it is so important to help decrease the amount of acid rain in the environment.

It is known that acid rain can leak into water systems, killing fish however, acid rain can also contaminate drinking water for humans. Poorer communities in other countries can bear the brunt of contaminated drinking water because a proportion of them collect rainwater for drinking purposes. If the acidity concentration in the water humans drink is too high it can cause brain damage over time.

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What causes acid rain?
Acid rain results when sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) are emitted into the atmosphere and transported by wind and air currents. The SO2 and NOX react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form sulfuric and nitric acids.  These then mix with water and other materials before falling to the ground. Electric power generators contribute to two-thirds of SO2 and one-fourth of NOX present in the atmosphere. Other sources include automobiles, factories, and oil refineries.

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What is acid rain?
Acid rain is rainfall made sufficiently acidic by atmospheric pollution that it causes environmental harm, typically to forests and lakes. Acid rain, or acid deposition, is a broad term that includes any form of precipitation with acidic components, such as sulfuric or nitric acid that fall to the ground from the atmosphere in wet or dry forms.  This can include rain, snow, fog, hail or even dust that is acidic. Acid deposition is divided into two parts, wet deposition and dry deposition. Wet deposition is used to describe when acidic precipitation takes the form of  rain, fog, dew or snow. Half of the acidity deposited in the atmosphere is due to wet deposition. Dry deposition accounts for acidity in the form of gasses. Dry deposition is particularly harmful to the environment because the gasses can travel with winds for hundreds of miles.