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2022年12月29日，北京卫健委发布《新型冠状病毒感染者恢复期健康管理专家指引（第一版）》

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新型冠状病毒感染者恢复期健康管理专家指引（第一版）

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新型冠状病毒感染者恢复期健康管理专家指引（第一版）

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12月29日，北京市卫健委印发《新型冠状病毒感染者恢复期健康管理专家指引（第一版）》。具体内容如下：新型冠状

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"阳康"们陆续返岗上班，三大场景如何防护？返岗指南来支招

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新冠病毒感染康复返岗防护指南

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新冠病毒感染康复返岗防护指南

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新冠病毒感染后返岗防护提示

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【关注】"阳康"们陆续返岗上班，三大场景如何防护？指南来了！

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上海市民运动健康知识手册

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上海市民运动健康知识手册

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上海市民运动健康知识手册

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本手册由上海市健康促进委员会办公室编写，为广大市民提供科学的运动指导，帮助市民们掌握健康运动的知识和技能，践行健康生活方式。

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提供疫情和隔离期间各种心理健康自我照顾的使用贴士

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WHO新冠康复自我管理手册

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WHO新冠康复自我管理手册

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为新冠病毒感染后的康复患者提供症状检测与康复管理指导

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小朋友们，这个儿童节线上活动等你来参加

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祝小朋友们六一儿童节快乐！精彩纷呈的线上活动等你来参加！

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【便民】@小朋友们，这个儿童节线上活动等你来参加

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小朋友们马上就要过暑假了，除了期待疫情逐步恢复后可以和家人们外出玩耍，一些寓教于乐的高质量纪录片和优质动画也是度过居家时光的不错选择。一起来看看吧！

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我们整理了一份适合3-9岁孩子在家观看的纪录片和优质动画，来陪孩子度过这段 "特别"的亲子时光。

好的纪录片，是一扇看世界的窗，可以让孩子了解更多世界的奇妙之处。但在驳杂多样的纪录片里，为小朋友选片，也要关注一些标准，比如：单集时长短，考虑到孩子的视力和专注力；贴近孩子生活和认知的有趣科普；知识易懂场景简单，适合小孩理解能力。

让大自然成为孩子的活教材
《小小世界》
观看渠道：bilibili

这部纪录片共两季，每季6集，每集30分钟。

分别拍摄了非洲大草原、南美洲的热带雨林、加勒比海岛、 澳洲内陆等12个不同的自然环境下的小动物们。

全片共拍摄了200多个物种，画面精美异常，同时该片内各种主客观镜头、快慢镜头无缝切换，展现那些微观视角下的高清奇观，有着超震撼的视觉效果。

🐧

观看渠道：bilibili、腾讯视频、西瓜视频
《企鹅群里有特务》
为了贴近拍摄到企鹅真实的生活状态，BBC派出约五十人组成的摄影团队，在将近一年的时间里，对生活在热带秘鲁的洪堡企鹅、生活在亚南极海岛上的跳岩企鹅，以及生活在寒带南极的帝企鹅进行了跟踪拍摄。

不过这次剧组别出心裁，派出"特务"混入企鹅的队伍中，比如将摄像机藏入遥控企鹅体内，或干脆将摄像机伪装成一枚企鹅蛋。也因此得以在超近距离观察这群憨态可掬的小家伙超真实的生活画面。在镜头中，观众得以再次见证帝企鹅宝宝从出生到长大这一壮丽而又严苛的重要阶段，见证了洪堡企鹅卖萌耍宝的各种可爱瞬间，当然也从"企鹅蛋"的视角陪同小家伙们恣意疯狂了一下。

🦕

有人说，"这是BBC有史以来最棒的野生动物纪录片"。

数百万年前，不可思议的神奇力量将地壳撕扯得支离破碎，由此创造出七个蔚为壮观的大陆。时光荏苒，每个大陆都孕育了别具特色的野生动物，从郁郁葱葱的南美洲丛林深处到冰雪覆盖的亚洲山峦之巅，从欧洲熙熙攘攘的都市到非洲的广袤平原，纪录片呈现了匪夷所思的动物行为，讲述鲜为人知的动物故事。
《七个世界，一个星球》
用孩子能听懂的话讲文物

观看渠道：bilibili、咪咕视频、西瓜视频

传统文物的科普是枯燥的，很多孩子并不能感受国宝文化的厚重，但这部纪录片却另辟蹊径，用孩子能听懂的语言，用诙谐简单的白话描述国宝并辅以动画，当国宝有了生命，孩子便有了沉浸式的体验。

纪录片没有渲染猎奇和神秘的曲折表述，也避免了高冷的学术性叙事。在每集5分钟的时间里，文物用通俗易懂的语言与观众平等对话，"诉说"发生在自己身上的传奇。
《如果国宝会说话》
观看平台：优酷、爱奇艺

4 岁的认知方式可以决定人一生的品味！ "啊（あ）"是全世界孩子出生后自然而然会说的第一个音节。这部课程带孩子从这个赞赏而有感染力的音节出发，领略日常生活里，所有普通事物的美好和惊奇。这个方式不但能启发启发思维，而且可以带孩子习得美感。

这个系列专题片由NHK从出品，日本当代设计大师佐藤卓监制，联合无印良品艺术总监原研哉等多位设计大师历时6年策划，专为4岁以上儿童拍摄，是对孩子进行思维认知和美育启蒙的专题片。其突破性的创意曾引起设计和教育各界的关注和热议，治愈的停格动画、魔性的排版之歌等，更让世界各地孩子都喜爱有加。

科学思考的正确打开方式
《啊！设计》
观看渠道：bilibili、咪咕视频、西瓜视频

片名取自于伊索寓言中的乌鸦巧妙地利用鹅卵石喝到罐子底部的水的故事，本系列旨在教导孩子科学方法的四个步骤：观察、假设、实验和评估。

幽默的片段展示了科学方法的前三个步骤，而第四个步骤评估，则留给小朋友自己思考。这部纪录片的特别之处在于，不给出答案，而是教给孩子科学思考的四个步骤：观察、假设、实验和评估。真正地做到了激发好奇心！

可能会被忽视的爱的教育

观看渠道：bilibili
《像乌鸦一样思考》
《爱犬情深》是一部 Netflix 原创纪实纪录片，该剧集跟踪拍摄了来自全球各地的六个与狗狗有关的故事，每集都选用不同的角度去展现犬与人类的相处。每个不可思议的故事，都证明了一个暖心的真理：狗对主人的爱是无条件的。

这部纪录片既有笑点也十分催泪，可以触动孩子们内心最柔软的部分。通过这部纪录片，或许可以学会怎样善待动物，怎样去理解爱护别人。

动画片对小孩的影响，可不是一点点。找到那些能够带给孩子快乐和滋养的动画片，并不是件容易的事儿，高质量的视觉艺术、配乐和内容设计之外，也要符合儿童的心理发展趋势，不是一味幼稚，也不是跟风似的鼓吹热血暴力。

"为什么我的鞋子缩小了？"

观看渠道：优酷、腾讯视频

美国幼小学生们必看的科学教育动画片，也是全球首部学前STEM教育大片。
《爱犬情深》
每集开头，小主人公席德提出一个问题，尔后他和他的老师朋友们一起，展开一系列科学调查研究。

该片的主角是Sid，一个5岁的充满好奇的孩子，对各种事物感兴趣，"虫子是怎么走路的？""头发有何用处？"、"鸟儿怎么飞翔？"、"为什么我的鞋子缩小了？"、"为什么香蕉变成糊状？"，每天提出的问题都是一个新的科学知识，每集围绕一个科学主题。从起床、早餐（提出问题）、入园（探索和解决问题），回家（发现更多），也展示了学龄前孩子愉快充实的一天。

该片适合3-8岁儿童观看，让儿童在学习知识的同时，激发对科学的兴趣和好奇。科学、技术、工程、数学四大知识领域有机融合，引导孩子用科学的思维去发现问题，解决问题，并且还能举一反三。

小朋友的生活里，也需要一个

《小鼠波波Maisy》是一只出生于英国的卡通小鼠，性情温顺可爱，还带点儿小迷糊，每天都和好朋友鳄鱼、小鸡、熊猫一同玩耍。他们之间发生了许多精彩的生活冒险故事，让小朋友们觉得：我就跟Maisy一样喔！ （延伸阅读：《小鼠波波，可能是每个小孩都想结交的朋友》）

最重要的是，Maisy是一个拥有良好生活好习惯的小老鼠。他很独立，会自己刷牙，自己穿衣，自己洗手，按时睡觉......还会把自己的衣柜、铅笔盒收纳的整整齐齐。所以，如果孩子喜欢上这个可爱的小老鼠，其实也就拥有了一位自律的好榜样。要知道，好的习惯可是影响孩子一生的啊。
《科学小子席德》
"集体生活"绝佳样本，

帮助孩子进入社交的世界

《嗨，道奇》又叫《狗狗老师》，是由英国著名动画工作室AKA制作完成，还斩获了艾美奖儿童奖最佳学龄前动画。这部动画片的小动物都是有棱有角的形象特点，整部片子传递出浓厚的友情和热情的观念，兼具轻松和幽默。

动画片中讲述了狗狗老师道奇和他幼儿园里五个动物小朋友的故事。这些动物小朋友有小犀牛Tag，小袋熊Norrie，小章鱼Betty，小鳄鱼Happy，小河马Roly。每次一到上课时间（小朋友都称为"阿奇时间"），他们就兴奋得不得了，急急忙忙赶往道奇的幼儿园。

道奇老师温和友善，小朋友们都是好伙伴，他们每天都在道奇老师的耐心指导下，团结协作完成一件又一件有意思的事情，任务完成后道奇还会奖励徽章给他们。

什么是老？什么是变化？

把抽象的概念用动画讲给小孩听
《小鼠波波和他的朋友们Maisy》
这是 BBC 出品的一部高质量幼儿哲学动画，创作者是被称为 "最了解孩子内心世界" 的哲学大师/儿童哲学家--奥斯卡·伯尼菲博士。这部动画的精彩就在于，可以把生活中很抽象的概念用非常简单的方式解释给小孩子听。

比如有一集讲的是《old》，人会展示随着年龄增长，蛋糕层数越来越高，蜡烛也越来越多，但是过生日的人却开始吹不动蜡烛了，以这样的方式让孩子去感受什么是"old"。

司机的视线盲区在哪？

观看渠道：优酷、西瓜视频

《变形警车珀利》的故事发生在布鲁姆斯小镇，警车珀利、救护车安巴、消防车罗伊和直升飞机海利与小娟组成了救援队，保护着镇上人民的平安幸福的生活。
《嗨！道奇Hey Duggee 》
凯文和多奇是两个活泼淘气的小学男生，经常因为不遵守交通规则陷入麻烦，幸好每一次都有救援队的大家出手相助。随着故事的发展，他们也会逐渐学会交通安全知识和做人的道理。

怎么让古诗变好看、好懂？

观看渠道：bilibili

诗歌是用来背的吗？不，真正的诗歌是可以用来唱的。让孩子学会背古诗，不如先让他读懂古诗。怎么让古诗变好看、好懂？答案是：用孩子的眼睛去看。

《中国唱诗班》是一部原创公益动画片。这批动画完全由中国青年团队独立原创手绘在故事、场景、人物、服饰方面都根据历史文献，进行反复考证修改，以期能在细节上最大程度还原当时历史情景，使影片不仅成为一个有故事的动画作品，更成为一个可以管窥一个时代风貌的绘卷。
《雨果带你带看世界What's the big idea》 《变形警车珀利》 《中国唱诗班》

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请查收这份送给宅家小朋友的高质量片单

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我们整理了一份适合3-9岁孩子在家观看的纪录片和优质动画，来陪孩子度过这段 "特别"的亲子时光。 好的纪录片，是一扇看世界的窗，可以让孩子了解更多世界的奇妙之处。但在驳杂多样的纪录片里，为小朋友选片，也要关注一些标准，比如：单集时长短，考虑到孩子的视力和专注力；贴近孩子生活和认知的有趣科普；知识易懂场景简单，适合小孩理解能力。 让大自然成为孩子的活教材 《小小世界》 观看渠道：bilibili

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“守沪童行”儿童居家生活指南

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“守沪童行”儿童居家生活指南

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在上海市儿童基金会指导下，由上海睿家社工服务社编撰而成的儿童居家生活指南，包括宅家生活、居家学习、心理防护和亲子活动四个篇章，为儿童居家期间的健康成长提供实用指导。

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为进一步保障市民就医、离沪需求，5月25日起最新出租车预约及铁路交通出行方式信息汇总。

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明天起，沪再投放约2000辆车辆加入保障序列（附预约方式）

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上海市常态化核酸采样点地图

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上海市常态化核酸采样点地图

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扫描二维码，查询全市核酸便民采样点

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世界卫生组织2019冠状病毒病

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世界卫生组织2019冠状病毒病

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介绍全球对于新冠病毒的最新研究，疾病预防、治疗、康复等信息

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本网页提供了世卫组织关于2019冠状病毒病的信息和指南。

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上海儿童医学中心抗疫专项基金申请流程

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上海儿童医学中心抗疫专项基金申请流程

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为上海儿童医学中心隔离病区的经济困难家庭提供医疗救助

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上海儿童医学中心抗疫专项基金申请流程

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疫情防控期间上海市民就医流程

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疫情防控期间上海市民就医流程

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上海市卫健委发布不同区域人员就医流程，各区定点医院信息及咨询电话

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市卫健委发布疫情防控期间上海市民就医流程，要求不得以查验核酸阴性证明作为进出小区就医、转送病人和接诊的限制；各医疗机构要及时转运、妥善处置急危重症患者，畅通急救绿色通道，对需要急诊急救的患者及时予以救治；严格执行首诊负责制和急危重症抢救制度......封控区、管控区、防范区等不同区域人员设置不同就医流程，定点医院和咨询电话等更多信息详见↓

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疫情防控期间上海市民就医流程

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市卫健委发布疫情防控期间上海市民就医流程，要求不得以查验核酸阴性证明作为进出小区就医、转送病人和接诊的限制；各医疗机构要及时转运、妥善处置急危重症患者，畅通急救绿色通道，对需要急诊急救的患者及时予以救治；严格执行首诊负责制和急危重症抢救制度......封控区、管控区、防范区等不同区域人员设置不同就医流程，定点医院和咨询电话等更多信息详见↓

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COVID-19最新资讯及防护知识

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联合国儿童基金会新冠疫情最新资讯及防护知识（中文）

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联合国儿童基金会新冠疫情最新资讯及防护知识（中文）

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联合国儿基会对新冠疫情信息对儿童和家庭的影响发布讯息，对儿童的个人防护、居家管理、重返学校、疫苗接种等信息提供权威指引

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上海市主要医疗机构咨询电话

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上海市主要医疗机构咨询电话

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上海市级和区级主要医疗机构就医咨询和急诊咨询电话

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全市主要医疗机构咨询电话

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点击上方蓝色字样，关注"健康上海12320"

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新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情分布

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新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情分布

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中国疾病预防与控制中心实时更新各省市的新冠病例数据

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新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情分布

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市民新冠防疫知识手册（2.0版）

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市民新冠防疫知识手册（2.0版）

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针对当下市民最关心的防疫问题进行解答，涵盖病毒知识、个人防护、疫苗接种、病毒检测、清洁卫生、食品安全、科学锻炼、心理调适、健康管理、出行防护、中医药防治等全方位防疫知识

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市民新冠防疫知识手册（2.0版）

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上海儿童医学中心社会工作部自2020年初协助患儿、家庭和医务工作者应对疫情带来的多重身心挑战，我们结合服务经验，提出自我调适的相关建议。

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与不确定相处——疫情新形势下的自我调适

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在疫情新形势下，各种突发的变化无疑给原本就有就医需求的患儿、家庭，以及长期工作在医疗一线的医务人员增添了更多压力。如何在诸多不便和不确定的状态下作出适当的身心调节此刻显得尤为重要。上海儿童医学中心社工部结合自己的经验，提出以下建议。

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儿童快速抗原检测的注意事项（繁体中文）

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儿童快速抗原检测的注意事项（繁体中文）

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儿童接受新冠快速抗原检测需要注意什么，香港儿科医生为你答疑解惑

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儿童接受新冠病毒快速測試需要注意的事項

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疫情疲劳的识别与自我照顾

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疫情疲劳的识别与自我照顾

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疫情中各种负面信息，隔离生活的不确定性，以及实际物资保障都会给家庭带来巨大压力。疲劳的识别与耗竭预防能够帮助家庭以更加从容的心态应对疫情的不确定。

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香港家庭福利会抗疫心理指南（繁体中文）

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香港家庭福利会抗疫心理指南（繁体中文）

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疫情期间，家庭成员相互体谅和理解能够促进家庭抵御困境的力量。

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压力管理图解指南将给大家分享一些简单易学的技巧，帮助大家识别压力、减轻压力，在疫情艰难时刻更好地照顾自己

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睡眠障碍、难以集中精力......如何在困难时刻好好照顾自己？| 压力管理图解指南

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在这个艰难的时刻好好照顾自己！

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呼吸练习是正念放松练习中最基础的练习，家长可以通过持续地呼吸练习达到身心放松，提升专注力，以及减压的目的。

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正念放松练习（一）呼吸练习

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正念放松练习（一）呼吸练习

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正念（Mindfulness）是一种将心灵驶入宁静港湾的方法，它鼓励人们"回到当下"，以有意识且不带批判的态度对当下发生的一切进行觉察。正念也是一种生活态度和方式，通过随时随地对内心的关照和重整，帮助我们更加专注于生活的每一时刻。

正念对心理健康的积极作用（来自网络）

https://www.realsimple.com/health/mind-mood/mindfulness-health-benefits

上海儿童医学中心临床社工会陪伴您开启"正念"之旅。首先，让我们一起从"正念呼吸"开始

练习一：正念呼吸（时长：5分30秒）

您可以选择一个安静的时刻，在有限的环境下，选择自己感到舒服的方式坐下，可以闭上眼睛，跟着下方的音频开始练习，特别留意练习过程中的身体反应，结束后尝试写下自己的感受。每天5分钟，如果您已经熟悉了正念呼吸的要点，也可以选一段自己喜欢的音乐来陪伴您练习。

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自我调适技巧（一）｜开启"正念"之旅

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正念（Mindfulness）是一种将心灵驶入宁静港湾的方法，它鼓励人们"回到当下"，以有意识且不带批判的态度对当下发生的一切进行觉察。正念也是一种生活态度和方式，通过随时随地对内心的关照和重整，帮助我们更加专注于生活的每一时刻。 正念对心理健康的积极作用（来自网络） ...

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身体扫描练习能够帮助更好地觉知自我的身体反应和情绪感受，进而回归平静、接纳、信任的状态。

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正念放松练习（二）身体扫描

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正念放松练习（二）身体扫描

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自我调试技巧（二）| 身体扫描

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"问题本身不是问题，如何面对问题才是问题。"今天上海儿童医学中心临床社工带您进行第二项正念练习--身体扫描，让我们与自己此时此刻的身体建立更紧密的连

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带领孩子一同进行正念练习，将正念理念和放松技巧与孩童养育结合，不仅能够帮助孩子管理情绪，同时有助于增进亲子关系。

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正念放松练习（三）亲子正念

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正念放松练习（三）亲子正念

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自我调试技巧（三）| 跟孩子一起练习正念

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正念同样能够帮助孩子情绪管理、收获平静、提升专注力、缓解压力。今天，上海儿童医学中心临床社工邀请您和孩子一起踏上"小小宇航员正念之旅"。

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抗疫小伙伴大战Omicron（繁体中文）

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抗疫小伙伴大战Omicron（繁体中文）

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通过生动的绘本和有趣的游戏帮助孩童认识奥密克戎病毒、常见症状、个人卫生以及疾病管理的知识

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COVID-19儿童心理指南（繁体中文丨英文）

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COVID-19儿童心理指南（繁体中文丨英文）

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通过绘本帮助孩子适应居家和隔离时期的变化并形成新的规律生活

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疫情居家亲子相处小贴士（一）

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疫情居家亲子相处小贴士（一）

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世界卫生组织整理疫情居家期间亲子沟通与互动的家庭教育建议

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疫情期宅家如何与孩子和睦相处？来看看世卫组织的实用小贴士！①

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世卫组织疫情期间亲子相处系列小贴士

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疫情居家亲子相处小贴士（二）

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疫情居家亲子相处小贴士（二）

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世界卫生组织整理疫情居家期间亲子沟通与互动的家庭教育建议

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和孩子宅家有哪些招？快查收世卫组织的实用小贴士！②

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疫情的反复为很多家庭带来了不小的挑战

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疫情居家亲子相处小贴士（三）

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疫情居家亲子相处小贴士（三）

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世界卫生组织整理疫情居家期间亲子沟通与互动的家庭教育建议

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居家隔离、核酸检测、囤菜做饭、远程办公、学校停课......

疫情打断了我们日常工作、生活的作息，若身为父母，更是承担了家庭的责任。如果感到压力大、不知所措，这都是正常的。

我们准备了 "疫情期间亲子相处小贴士" 系列，希望能够帮助父母们在这段特殊时期更好地与孩子们相处。

育儿小贴示① 介绍了：疫情期间家庭教育的6大建议，针对新生儿、青少年、残障儿童的具体小贴士，以及当我们自己生气时能如何应对。

育儿小贴士② 介绍了：如何在疫情下创造和平快乐的家庭环境，如何确保孩子的上网安全并寓教于乐，以及如何在财务压力下进行家庭预算。

今天的育儿小贴士③，我们将就疫情宅家期间的家庭教育，为大家提供6条具体的建议。

学校停课了？和孩子共同宅家？不论家中是婴幼儿、儿童还是青少年，都可以把这段时间当成和孩子增进感情的一个小契机。为每一个孩子留出时间，多聆听、多关注，在这段时间把注意力放在孩子身上。

我们理解，在孩子令人抓狂时，一直保持正能量很难。但我们总是希望能与孩子更有效地沟通，如果我们能给孩子一些正面的指引，并对他们的良好行为多加赞赏，那孩子们则有可能按照我们的要求去做。

查看以下图片，了解更多具体建议：

在家隔离期间如果能建立一个灵活但有规律的日常作息，能让孩子更有安全感、表现更好，同时别忘了每天都要带孩子一起锻炼身体哦！

与此同时，孩子在居家隔离期间调皮捣蛋可能很令人抓狂，但别忘了这都是正常的，所有小孩都会有淘气的时候。

看图了解如何建立规律作息，以及当孩子调皮捣蛋时我们有哪些具体应对措施：

这是一个紧张的时期，别忘了给自己一些喘息的时间，休息一下，照顾好自己。

孩子已经听说了有关于疫情的信息，可以开明豁达地和孩子讨论交流，不知道答案也没关系。

疫情对每个人来说都很不容易， 相信我们所有人一起，一点一点、共同努力，一定可以共克时艰。一起加油！

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宅家育儿压力大？这6条建议帮你渡过难关③

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居家隔离、核酸检测、囤菜做饭、远程办公、学校停课...... 疫情打断了我们日常工作、生活的作息，若身为父母，更是承担了家庭的责任。如果感到压力大、不知所措，这都是正常的。 我们准备了 "疫情期间亲子相处小贴士" 系列，希望能够帮助父母们在这段特殊时期更好地与孩子们相处。 育儿小贴示① ...

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疫情居家亲子相处小贴士（四）

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疫情居家亲子相处小贴士（四）

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世界卫生组织整理疫情居家期间亲子沟通与互动的家庭教育建议

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在疫情期间更是如此，边宅家边兼顾工作、事事自理的同时还要照顾孩子。工作和经济上的负担还会加剧所有的压力和不确定性......

为了在这段特殊时期尽可能地支持各位爸爸妈妈们，帮助大家更顺利地与孩子们相处，我们准备了 "疫情期间亲子相处小贴士" 系列：

育儿小贴士① 介绍了：疫情期间家庭教育的6大建议；针对新生儿、青少年、残障儿童的具体小贴士；以及当我们自己生气时如何应对。

育儿小贴士② 介绍了：如何在疫情下创造和平快乐的家庭环境；如何确保孩子的上网安全并寓教于乐；以及如何在财务压力下进行家庭预算。

育儿小贴士③ 介绍了：疫情宅家期间，如何为孩子留出一对一的时间并保持正能量；如何规律生活，应对孩子的调皮捣蛋；以及如何保持冷静，管理压力，谈论疫情。

今天将是我们育儿小贴士的最后一篇。我们想要分享的是一套 "育儿核心价值观（parenting values）" ，一共划了七个重点，希望能够给你和孩子的互动带来帮助或启发。

如果你觉得这七个核心价值观有帮助，可以收藏这篇文章时刻提醒自己，或转发给你身边也许正需要的朋友。

疫情对每个人来说都很不容易，相信我们所有人共同努力，一定可以共克时艰。加油！

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长时间宅家带娃困难重重？这些育儿技巧也许能有帮助④

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在疫情期间更是如此，边宅家边兼顾工作、事事自理的同时还要照顾孩子。工作和经济上的负担还会加剧所有的压力和不确定性...... 为了在这段特殊时期尽可能地支持各位爸爸妈妈们，帮助大家更顺利地与孩子们相处，我们准备了 "疫情期间亲子相处小贴士" 系列： 育儿小贴士① 介绍了：疫情期间家庭教育的6大建议；针对新生儿、青少年、残障儿童的具体小贴士；以及当我们自己生气时如何应对。 育儿小贴士② ...

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亲子伴读不仅能够帮助孩子缓解在医疗和居家隔离中的不适，调节负面情绪，而且有助于增进亲子关系，帮助孩子养成正向的行为习惯。

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在医院“隔离”这段特殊的时间里，您与孩子朝夕相处，每一天是如何安排的，孩子会希望您如何陪伴TA度过住院隔离生活？上海儿童医学中心护理部及社工部邀请您一起来“亲子伴读”。

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上海市媒体24小时市民救助热线

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上海市媒体24小时市民救助热线

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对疫情之下市民的急迫需求提供求助平台

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奥密克戎变异毒株突袭，上海疫情防控形势严峻复杂。

周寰 制图

疫情之下，部分居民就医需求、生活保障需求遇到梗阻。患者转运、诊疗求助、断药危机、物资缺乏......来自市民的急迫呼声，最为牵动人心。

同心抗疫，沪上媒体刻不容缓。澎湃新闻（www.thepaper.cn）推出"战疫服务平台"，聚焦求助、辟谣、问询、心理四大板块，关注疫情之下市民最急迫的需求。力求声声呼应，为疫情下处在困境中的人们排忧解难。

《解放日报》互动留言板、文汇报"战疫·24小时服务平台"、《新民晚报》"战疫*帮侬忙"融媒体平台、《新闻晨报》微博平台及"周到上海"客户端"我要求助"服务平台、东方网防疫求助平台相继开通，倾听市民心声，疏解群众烦忧。

上海广播电视台多渠道联动，通过《新闻坊》"同心抗疫"服务平台、"看看新闻"客户端"报料"、"上海电台防疫服务热线"、话匣子微信公众号求助平台、上海新闻广播微信公众号互动留言、阿基米德《直通990》社区、"小通在申边"抖音号互动平台等，24小时不间断接收市民求助。

此外，财联社企业爱心对接平台、劳动报/申工社微信公众号、青年报·青春战疫服务平台、上海日报微信求助群"Shanghai Daily Q&A"以及全市16个区级融媒体中心疫情防控工作问题建议征集平台也均已开通设立。

疫情防控的关键时刻，更加需要每个人的支持。个体诉求的解决也将推动下一步防疫措施更好地落地见效。让我们一起守望相助，齐心协力打赢这场疫情防控攻坚战。

（以下为上海各媒体求助渠道汇总，点击蓝色下划线文字，可直接跳转。）

一、解放日报 互动留言板

三、新民晚报"战疫*帮侬忙"融媒体平台

2.微信公众号：新民帮侬忙（gh_f643b19d5297）

3.热线电话：962555

1. 融媒体中心《新闻坊》"同心抗疫"服务平台

2.融媒体中心"看看新闻"客户端，首页右下角"报料"中提出求助问题及意见建议。

3.东方广播中心"上海电台防疫服务热线"

（1）热线电话：62706270（24小时）；

62780990（9-11，13-15点直播期间）

上海新闻广播微信公众号互动留言

"小通在申边"抖音号互动平台

新闻晨报（联合微博平台）+上海抗疫求助通道 +二维码扫码填写周到上海客户端：新闻晨报*周到上海+我要求助

五、 澎湃新闻（www.thepaper.cn）+战疫服务平台

18901882662热线电话

十一、16个区级融媒体中心疫情防控工作问题建议征集平台

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澎湃，paper，the paper，热问答，新闻跟踪，政治，时政，政经，澎湃新闻，新闻，思想，原创新闻，突发新闻，独家报道，上海报业，东方早报，东方报业，上海东方报业

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同心共守"沪"，上海多家媒体开设24小时市民求助热线

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奥密克戎变异毒株突袭，上海疫情防控形势严峻复杂。 周寰 制图 疫情之下，部分居民就医需求、生活保障需求遇到梗阻。患者转运、诊疗求助、断药危机、物资缺乏......来自市民的急迫呼声，最为牵动人心。 ...

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上海疫情守望互助指南（持续更新）

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上海疫情守望互助指南（持续更新）

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市民自发整理的互助资源平台，涵盖疫情期间居民各项应急求助与互助信息。信息由海上指南针团队进行维护，信息持续更新。

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请根据您或您的家人、朋友遇到的问题

点击【对应链接】查询或提交相应内容

👵 待更新。精简界面，精简需求，互助群入口。

🩺 待更新。各类疾病接诊信息，经验分享，街道政策应对经验。

🥫 指南内包含采购渠道、联系方式、必备物资清单等内容。
此链接内包括隔离时工资计发，工时、休假，以及劳动关系的相应法规，并提供维权渠道。 请依患者情况填写相应问卷，我们的志愿者将进行后续的核实、扩散、对接工作。 由于上海的政策、医院的接诊和街道的管理变动频繁，如果您有更新的消息或建议，或者任何您觉得有帮助的信息，可以在此处留言，我们的志愿者会及时核实和更新。 声明
如愿参与本文档的编辑和优化，可添加微信qmj960404沟通。

本文档版权归海上指南针团队所有，未经许可，不得以任何方式复制或抄袭本指南中的部分或全部内容，

否则作者有权对该侵权行为追究责任。

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上海疫情守望互助指南 (by 海上指南针)

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请根据您或您的家人、朋友遇到的问题 点击【对应链接】查询或提交相应内容 👵 待更新。精简界面，精简需求，互助群入口。 🩺 待更新。各类疾病接诊信息，经验分享，街道政策应对经验。 🥫 指南内包含采购渠道、联系方式、必备物资清单等内容。 此链接内包括隔离时工资计发，工时、休假，以及劳动关系的相应法规，并提供维权渠道。 请依患者情况填写相应问卷，我们的志愿者将进行后续的核实、扩散、对接工作。 由于上海的政策、医院的接诊和街道的管理变动频繁，如果您有更新的消息或建议，或者任何您觉得有帮助的信息，可以在此处留言，我们的志愿者会及时核实和更新。 声明 如愿参与本文档的编辑和优化，可添加微信qmj960404沟通。 本文档版权归海上指南针团队所有，未经许可，不得以任何方式复制或抄袭本指南中的部分或全部内容， 否则作者有权对该侵权行为追究责任。

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上海各区及街镇为民服务热线汇总

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上海各区及街镇为民服务热线汇总

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快速查询上海市各区及街镇为民服务热线

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上海各区为民服务热线最新汇总！

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上海各区为民服务热线最新汇总！

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上海市心理援助资源最新最全汇总

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整理了上海市的心理援助资源，提供给有心理服务需求的在沪居民。

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20 22年3月初，新冠疫情再次爆发，上海成为抵御奥密克戎病毒的主战场，已持续一月有余。

1. 疫情专项心理援助热线

上海24小时战疫心理援助专线：021-55369173

上海市浦东新区心理咨询中心新冠疫情心理援助热线：13072154838或通过电子邮箱562188033@qq.com联系

2. 常驻心理援助热线

上海生命热线：021-62798990

上海市精神卫生中心心理援助热线：021-12320（接通后按"5"）（08:00-22:00）

松江区红十字会24小时心理援助热线：4000010527

上海市团委电话心理咨询：021-12355（工作日09:00-21:00，双休日09:00-17:00）

上海教师心理援助热线：021-63036588

上海妇联心理关爱热线：021-12338（周一至周五 09:00-17:30）

⬇️以下各区心理援助热线由上海市精神卫生中心整理（非疫情专项热线）

黄浦区24小时心理援助热线：021-63036588

闵行区24小时心理援助热线：400-021-9003

长宁区24小时心理援助热线：021-80110808

嘉定区24小时心理援助热线：021-39590800

金山区24小时心理援助热线：4001001890

崇明区24小时心理援助热线：18017890645

静安区心理援助热线：021-62530984（周一至周五 08:00-17:00）

徐汇区心理援助热线：400-921-3120（周一至周五 08:00-17:00）

普陀区心理援助热线：021-66055120（周一至周日 08:00-20:00）

虹口区心理援助热线：021-66696619

（周一至周五 09:00-17:00）

杨浦区心理援助热线：021-61230673

（周一至周五 09:00-16:30）

宝山区心理援助热线：021-66019885

（周一至周五 08:00-16:30）

浦东（北）心理援助热线：13072154838（周一至周五 08:00-16:00）

浦东（南）心理援助热线：17317146287（周一至周五 08:00-16:00）

青浦区心理援助热线：021-69200120

（周一至周五 08:00-20:00）

奉贤区心理援助热线：4009208761

（周一至周五 08:00-16:30）

1. 健康云app公益心理疏导服务
主办方：上海市精神卫生中心
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/4z3Wg3Dfc2TdAVv4RVtATw 2. 松江区红十字心理援助
3. 支付宝公益心理援助
进入"松江区红十字会"微信公众号 - 点击"云端服务"、"红十字心理援助" - 选择热线/邮件两种方式接受心理辅导

在支付宝APP内搜索"上海"，选择"居家医疗健康"，选择"公益心理援助"，包含心理测评、心理咨询、抗疫指南和心理课堂等多项服务

1. 上海交通大学
心理咨询预约："上海交通大学心理咨询中心"微信公众号

坐标上海，隔离了26天了，怎么解决抑郁的情绪? - 白岛岩心的回答 - 知乎

上海市精神卫生中心互联网医院就诊配药
打开"上海市精神卫生中心"公众号 - 点击下方菜单栏"就医助手"，选择"互联网医院" - 关注"互联网医院"公众号，长按二维码，并关注"互联网医院"公众号 - 填写信息开始线上诊疗进入"个人中心"填写资料，然后挂号进入互联网医院诊疗配药

打开"上海市心理康复协会"微信公众号并在后台留下您的"姓名+地址+联系方式"，将有工作人员与您联系。如以上途径均无法解决，您可拨打应急电话：15026638452（工作日8:00-16:30），或发送短信（工作日16:30-次日8:00），工作人员将为您提供应急解决方案

特别提醒：线下渠道情况可能随时有变，建议就诊前先打电话询问医疗机构具体情况，或可通过随申办小程序、上海市医院开诊信息查询地图查询医院开诊情况（部分信息来自非官方渠道，欢迎补充更正）

上海市精神卫生中心
电话：021-64387250

1、目前没有门诊和急诊，有保留配药窗口，配的药只能是过去半年里在精总配过的药，先在网上（上海市精神卫生中心微信公众号）预约精神科门诊普通号，到医院2号楼配药，可以本人或社区居委或志愿者配药。如无48小时内核酸，到医院出示最近一次的核酸或抗原报告，和保安解释清楚最近小区没有组织做核酸，请他们拿你的卡进去配药。

2、如果是在5号楼配药，或之前是在精总5号楼心理咨询看诊的，需要告诉精神科医生参照心理咨询门诊最近一次配药，或者写个纸条给工作人员，因为精神科门诊不会自动显示心理咨询门诊的配药记录，必须提醒医生查看既往病历

浦东南汇精神卫生中心
电话：021-68036136

仅供参考：确认有药后持病历、之前处方、医保卡（可以没有，没有就带身份证），让居委出一个人去挂号配药，居委一个人可以给多个患者配药，只要每个患者都有以上材料就行，去的人需要有72小时内核酸报告

1. 上海市精神卫生中心600号心理自助包
进入"上海精神卫生飘扬的绿丝带"微信公众号 - 点击"资源导航" - "600号防疫心健康"
2. 上海高校师生心理抗疫资源包
主办方：上海学生心理健康教育发展中心、上海市民办高校心理健康教育基地等

点击下方进入推文，扫描二维码，进入"校园心空间"线上心理健康教育资源平台，可获得丰富的解压音乐、视频、心理科普文章。

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/zp9TQ7B3a63VJxDmgpLG0w

3. 疫情公益心理服务小程序
主办方：华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院、上海市心理健康与危机干预重点实验室

通过下方小程序，用户可以进行"AI心理测评"，揭秘疫情期的情绪困扰。同时，用户还可以在小程序内完成"心晴之旅"，通过10分钟的故事分享、身体运动、正向心理训练，调适心态，激发积极情绪。
4. 正念公益抗疫系列活动
主办方：中国心理学会

时间：2022.4.8-4.17

免费开放给上海，吉林等受疫情影响居家隔离的群众，需要在公众号中扫码填表报名。
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/2nr7OkvOiI1qhNZxUQbyGw
5. 公益线上冥想课程
主办方：上海市精神卫生中心 崔东红教授

腾讯会议：536-3759-4737
6. 简易冥想音频
主办方： 华东师大心理健康教育与咨询中心
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/HY-c3_OHojb-mxQ4Flm_3Q

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转需！上海市心理援助资源最新最全汇总

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为市民就医和出院返家患者提供车辆预约服务

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明天起，市民就医出行和出院返家可预约就医保障巡游出租车，预约方式→

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上海疫情期间线上活动汇总（实时更新）

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上海疫情期间线上活动汇总（实时更新）

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疫情期间可以把零散的时间利用起来，用艺术、音乐和学习丰富自己的隔离生活。

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上海疫情期间线上活动汇总

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献给隔离中的小勇士们，记录战胜困难、勇敢成长的抗疫日志

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Headspace 冥想正念指南 Headspace Guide to Meditation

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通过视频练习，完成8次正念冥想体验，教您如何如何从新手开始冥想，如何学习放下，如何爱上生活，如何应对压力，如何善待他人，如何应对伤痛，如何应对愤怒，以及如何发挥无限潜能

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通过视频练习，学习提升睡眠质量的放松方法

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【中配】 睡眠指南 Headspace Guide to Sleep S01_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

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儿童居家学习家长指南（繁体中文）

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儿童居家学习家长指南（繁体中文）

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居家隔离，孩童需要适应线上学习。指南教您如何帮助孩子建立居家学习计划。

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家長如何可以幫助幼兒在家學習

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“停课不停玩”居家游戏指南

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“停课不停玩”居家游戏指南

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想给无聊的居家隔离生活增添乐趣？家庭齐动员，居家游戏玩起来！

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救助儿童会居家减压小游戏

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救助儿童会居家减压小游戏

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通过戏剧的方式带领疫情中居家的孩子进行减压游戏

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新型冠狀病毒大流行期間，學校停課、家人和朋友染病及家居隔離等等，再加上其他因素，可能會令兒童感到焦慮和和壓力。作為關注兒童福祉的兒童組織，我們特別在此分享本會的全球HEART計劃(Healing and Education through the Arts program)中，一些以戲劇方式發展出來的小活動，希望幫助處於壓力下的兒童放鬆身心。現在就與孩子一起，在家裡一起嘗試各種抗壓小遊戲吧！

準備，開始！

· 找一個不受外界騷擾的安靜空間

· 如與一個或多個孩子一起練習，請確保你的指示清晰和有趣

· 無需一次完成所有活動。留意孩子投入活動的持續時間，然後再找其他時間嘗試。

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抗壓小遊戲 - 香港救助兒童會

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新型冠狀病毒大流行期間，學校停課、家人和朋友染病及家居隔離等等，再加上其他因素，可能會令兒童感到焦慮和和壓力。作為關注兒童福祉的兒童組織，我們特別在此分享本會的全球HEART計劃(Healing and Education through the Arts program)中，一些以戲劇方式發展出來的小活動，希望幫助處於壓力下的兒童放鬆身心。現在就與孩子一起，在家裡一起嘗試各種抗壓小遊戲吧！ 準備，開始！ · 找一個不受外界騷擾的安靜空間 · 如與一個或多個孩子一起練習，請確保你的指示清晰和有趣 · 無需一次完成所有活動。留意孩子投入活動的持續時間，然後再找其他時間嘗試。

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居家隔离儿童电子屏幕使用指引（繁体中文）

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居家隔离儿童电子屏幕使用指引（繁体中文）

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长期居家隔离可能会增加孩子电子屏幕的使用时间，不利于孩子健康发展。香港卫生署为家长支招，指引家长如何管理孩子的“屏幕时间”。

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居家抗疫电子屏幕使用指引

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香港大学Wellcation14天身心关怀之旅（繁体中文）

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香港大学Wellcation14天身心关怀之旅（繁体中文）

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14天身心关怀计划帮助你渡过疫情隔离的每一天

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"14 days. Personally, I was very excited to spend time on my own, initially thinking "I can do this, this is going to be fun". I was telling myself, "right, I better pick up a new skill, be active and read two books." I woke up every day, thinking "I'm going to start today!" but ended up binge watched couple of Netflix shows, snacked quite a bit and stared into the air. In the end, I did finish a book, connected with couple of friends and worked out quite a bit (not any new skills whatsoever). My tips are, dont be so harsh on yourself, have a flexible mindset as to what you want to gain out of this, stay connected with your close ones, count your blessings daily and treasure these two weeks of time to be solely with your thoughts and feelings. Because hey, a bit of self-reflection is the key to move forward, grow and bloom. Fingers crossed this will be your one and only time of quarantine (I did it twice). Michelle a UK university student return to HK under quarantine in September, 2020 隔離期間每天定時測量體溫，對自己的身 體症狀也變得格外注意。有時間做了一些 平時一直沒來得及做的事，比如讀了幾本 書，好好整理了房間，每天進行簡單的鍛 鍊。原以為在家隔離會很枯燥，真正經歷 過覺得時間過得很快，每過一天就感到輕 鬆一些。 Wu a university student from mainland China under quarantine in July, 2020 Remember to book a room with a larger desk or you won't have enough space to work - this is especially important if you're sharing a room with your partner." Wissen a working adult from London under quarantine in September, 2020

Made with FlippingBook

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"14 days. Personally, I was very excited to spend time on my own, initially thinking "I can do this, this is going to be fun". I was telling myself, "right, I better pick up a new skill, be active and read two books." I woke up every day, thinking "I'm going to start today!"

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疫情下临终及丧亲关怀锦囊（繁体中文）

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疫情下临终及丧亲关怀锦囊（繁体中文）

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疫情期间面临亲人离世给家庭带来更大挑战。防疫政策下，家庭可能经历逝者未能善终，生者未能善别......但疫情可以阻隔人与人的接触，却不能隔绝人与人的关怀

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家长如何与孩子谈论新冠病毒（繁体中文）

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家长如何与孩子谈论新冠病毒（繁体中文）

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帮助孩子认识新冠病毒，提供准确的事实和预防信息，能够减轻不必要的恐慌，降低焦虑

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美国圣裘德儿童研究医院新冠肺炎相关资源

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儿童癌症患者COVID-19资源库

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儿童癌症患者COVID-19资源库

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新冠肺炎暴发和冠状病毒传播对儿童癌症患者、癌症幸存者及其家庭尤其具有挑战性。查看相关信息，了解新冠肺炎对免疫系统脆弱的儿童及儿童癌症幸存者的影响以及应对。

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填色手册、冠状病毒填色手册、冠状病毒、新冠肺炎、新冠肺炎、冠状病毒相关资源

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新冠肺炎相关资源和填色手册

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新冠肺炎暴发和冠状病毒传播对儿童癌症患者及其家庭尤其具有挑战性。查看新冠肺炎相关信息和相关资源。

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我的保健手冊—保护宝贝们的身心都健康

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我的保健画册（繁体中文）

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我的保健画册（繁体中文）

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儿童游戏功能绘本，帮助宝贝们理解病菌，学习自我保护。

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与孩子游戏的好点子[1-2.5岁]（繁体中文）

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与孩子游戏的好点子[1-2.5岁]（繁体中文）

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儿童的早期发展离不开父母的陪伴和玩耍。疫情期间，发挥你的创造力，与孩子一起渡过欢乐的游戏时光。

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与孩子游戏的好点子[3-6岁]（繁体中文）

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与孩子游戏的好点子[3-6岁]（繁体中文）

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儿童的早期发展离不开父母的陪伴和玩耍。疫情期间，发挥你的创造力，与孩子一起渡过欢乐的游戏时光。

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新冠疫情下家庭心理自助手册

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新冠疫情下家庭心理自助手册

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您可以按照自己的需要，选择适用的信息来阅读这本自助心理健康手册。

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新冠疫情下家庭心理自助手册

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请根据自己的需要阅读并使用它吧。

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出院出舱人员，掌握这5点减少风险

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个人清洁和物品消杀小贴士

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个人清洁和物品消杀小贴士

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新冠康复者回家后如何进行个人清洁和物品消杀？记住5点小贴士，帮助您减少风险，保护自己和家人。

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【提示】@出院出舱人员，掌握这5点减少风险

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The activity book is designed to serve as an interactive tool to help children cope with COVID-19 and its related effects, while furthering their understanding about this illness and its spread.

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上海市浦东新区各街镇为民服务热线

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上海市浦东新区各街镇为民服务热线

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为满足疫情期间浦东市民居家生活和就医服务需求，浦东新区各街镇公布相关保障和咨询热线

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提供更好服务！浦东新区各街镇为民服务热线电话公布

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方便用户查询上海卫健委发布的小区新冠阳性病例报告及推测三区划分情况

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Good mental health and wellbeing is essential to happy and healthy lives.  Here are 7 tips to make a healthy living.

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What is good mental health?

Looking after your mental health is not something we should just do if we are struggling, or feeling low, anxious or stressed. It's actually something we should think about all the time and really invest in, just like with our physical health.

Staying on top of our mental wellbeing is good for us now but also helps us deal manage difficult times in the future. Over time, it can also reduce our risk of physical health problems.

There are lots of things we can do to look after our mental health and wellbeing every day - make a start with these 7 top tips.

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Top tips to improve your mental wellbeing - Every Mind Matters

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Good mental health is essential to living happy and healthy lives. See 7 areas of life where simple changes can make a big difference. Why not start today?

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Here are some useful advice on coping with difficulties during the time of COVID-19.

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The impact and experience of the COVID-19 outbreak has been different for everyone, as has how we have reacted, but there's no doubt it's been a really difficult time for us all.

That's why it's so important to do what we can to look after our mental health and wellbeing, now more than ever.

See the articles below for loads of help and advice, or you can complete the Your Mind Plan quiz to see what works for you - and don't hesitate to reach out if you need support.

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Coronavirus (COVID-19) and mental wellbeing - Every Mind Matters

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The impact and experience of the COVID-19 outbreak has been different for everyone, as has how we have reacted, but there's no doubt it's been a really difficult time for us all. That's why it's so important to do what we can to look after our mental health and wellbeing, now more than ever.

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上海市残障人士求助和捐赠热线

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上海市残障人士求助和捐赠热线

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上海市残联公布市级和各区残障人士求助和捐赠热线

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上海市区两级残联接受求助和捐赠热线电话公布

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听障朋友求助服务热线请看这里

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听障人士12345市民服务手语视频热线

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听障人士12345市民服务手语视频热线

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12345市民服务热线为听障人士开通手语视频咨询服务

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听障朋友求助服务热线请看这里→

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上海各区老年服务热线电话

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上海各区老年服务热线电话

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热线协助解决老年市民疫情期间遇到生活物资短缺、就医配药困难等问题。

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同心“沪”老，各区养老服务24小时热线电话公布！

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疫情期间，为更好地帮助服务高龄、独居、患病等面临困难的老年群体，市民政局公布各区养老服务24小时热线电话。

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帮助孩子管理屏幕时间的家长小贴士

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帮助孩子管理屏幕时间的家长小贴士

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家长如何评估孩子的屏幕使用时间是否合适？又如何帮助孩子制定有效的管理屏幕时间的计划？这篇文章为您提供答案。

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2022年新学期开始，很多校园都变得静悄悄，越来越多的孩子开始上起了网课。孩子们接触电脑和屏幕的时间相较之前大大增加，家长们也普遍担心孩子的视力问题。 很多家长心中都有个大大的问号，多长的屏幕时间合适呢？

根据美国儿科学会（AAP）和世界卫生组织（WHO）颁布的限制屏幕时间指南：

* 18个月以下的儿童：除视频聊天外应避免使用电子产品；

* 18-24个月的儿童：如果家长选择设置屏幕时间，应找到高质量的节目，并与儿童一起观看。

* 2-5 岁：将屏幕使用时间限制为每天一小时高质量的节目，初期需要家长陪伴。

* 6-17岁的儿童：家长应与儿童一起讨论，共同制定家庭屏幕时间计划，并在家庭内执行计划。

五岁以下的儿童对于时间没什么观念，那么家长需要用一集或者两集动画片的长度，或者是沙漏来帮助孩子理解时间。有时候孩子也会出尔反尔，比如看完之后，还要看一集。这个时候家长需要温柔而坚定地执行你们家庭的屏幕时间限制。

另外需要告诉各位家长的是没有一个合适的时间是"刚刚好"的。更重要的是 屏幕内容的质量、它如何适应你们家庭的生活方式， 以及你和你的孩子如何一起参与其中 。

简单地说，只用时间去限制会让我们看不到屏幕之下更重要的东西。

美国的通用媒体网站提醒各位家长除屏幕使用时间外还需要关注以下四点：

在以上四个类型的活动中，儿童使用屏幕的活动存在很大的差异，这些活动带给儿童的意义也不同。可见，不管儿童使用屏幕所从事的活动内容而一味限制儿童的屏幕时间是不可取的。当然儿童依然应该学会平衡屏幕时间与生活中其他有意义的活动， 那么作为家长该如何做呢？

以下小贴士家长们可以用来评估自己的孩子在屏幕时间使用上是否合适：

规则不宜太多，三条就够了，之后可以根据规则的实施情况再添加。规则制定后关键是执行，可以把规则写出来贴在家里，孩子和家长进行互相监督。还可以设置一些不伤害自尊，有趣的惩罚措施，比如：吃不喜欢的蔬菜、给对方按摩、做家务等。

1． 家长以身作则的作用非常重要，想要孩子遵守规则，家长首先需要尊重规则；

2． 在4-7岁的儿童中，鼓励孩子在公共区域使用屏幕；

3． 不要把屏幕时间当作奖励或者惩罚，比如你读半小时书就可以换半小时的屏幕时间；

4． 接纳孩子在限制屏幕时间期间内的各种情绪和行为。

参考内容：https://www.commonsensemedia.org

图片：https://www.freepik.com/

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儿童数字素养|对孩子来说，屏幕时间多长合适

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2022年新学期开始，很多校园都变得静悄悄，越来越多的孩子开始上起了网课。孩子们接触电脑和屏幕的时间相较之前大大增加，家长们也普遍担心孩子的视力问题。 很多家长心中都有个大大的问号，多长的屏幕时间合适呢？ 根据美国儿科学会（AAP）和世界卫生组织（WHO）颁布的限制屏幕时间指南： * 18个月以下的儿童：除视频聊天外应避免使用电子产品； * ...

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儿童健康发展指导（繁体中文）

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儿童健康发展指导（繁体中文）

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香港卫生署按年龄和主题整理儿童健康发展资讯

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COVID-19家庭健康指导（繁体中文）

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COVID-19家庭健康指导（繁体中文）

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新冠疫情期间怀孕和哺乳期妇女以及其他家长的健康指引

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假如確診2019冠狀病毒病，或因出現病徵而須接受醫學檢測，媽媽可與醫護人員及家人商討是否適合繼續餵哺母乳，例如所處方藥物是否適合母乳餵哺。如果媽媽仍想繼續餵哺母乳，應採取預防措施避免將病毒傳給寶寶。當餵哺寶寶時，要先佩戴外科口罩，保持雙手清潔。若媽媽患病感到不適，亦可考慮擠出母乳，由家人餵哺寶寶。媽媽擠奶或泵奶前，或照顧者接觸寶寶前，應先清潔雙手和做好個人衞生措施。然而，媽媽因病未能餵哺母乳...

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常见儿童伤害家庭急救方法

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常见儿童伤害家庭急救方法

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疫情期间儿童的安全保护不容忽视，全球儿童安全组织（Safe Kids）整理常见儿童伤害的家庭急救方法供家长学习

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儿童的伤害预防和安全贴士

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儿童的伤害预防和安全贴士

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整理各年龄阶段的常见儿童伤害预防和安全贴士

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联结求助者与帮助者的居民互助平台，可发布求助信息或作为志愿者提供援助

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我们来帮你 · 上海抗疫互助

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我们来帮你 · 上海抗疫互助

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【疫过天晴】儿童和家庭心理自助指南

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【疫过天晴】儿童和家庭心理自助指南

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由日慈公益基金会发布，涵盖儿童面对疫情的反应、家庭内部沟通、家长自我关怀、儿童情绪调节和自主管理等内容，面向儿童和家长提供具体的措施和练习指引，是一本资源详实、操作实用的家庭心理自助手册。

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疫过天晴-儿童和家庭心理自助指南（最终版）

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约翰斯霍普金斯大学公共卫生学院整理关于新型冠状病毒病的常见提问和回答

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Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

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What is a coronavirus?

Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that typically cause mild respiratory infections like the common cold, but also more severe (and potentially deadly) infections. They are zoonotic diseases, meaning they are transmitted from animals to people.

SOURCE: Global Health NOW

Why is it called a coronavirus?

Coronaviruses are named after the Latin word corona, meaning "crown" or "halo," because they have "crown-like spikes on their surface," according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

SOURCE: Global Health NOW

What severe diseases are caused by coronaviruses?

A coronavirus that originated in China led to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003. Another coronavirus emerged in 2012 in Saudi Arabia, causing Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS).

SOURCE: Global Health NOW

What's the difference between coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and COVID-19?

The novel coronavirus responsible for this outbreak is known as SARS-CoV-2. The illness caused by the virus is called COVID-19.

More information can be found here: Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it-WHO.

SOURCE: Global Health NOW

Could COVID-19 or a variant have been here before January 2020?

The earliest recognized cases of COVID-19 in the United States date back to January 14, 2020. At the start of the epidemic in the US-January - March, 2020-there was limited testing capacity so most testing was done only on people with symptoms and some who had recently traveled to certain areas of the world.

A recent study of antibodies found evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections weeks prior to the first recognized cases. In this study, residents of 9 states had antibodies as early as mid-December, 2019.

SOURCE: Keri Althoff and the National Institutes of Health

What symptoms do coronaviruses typically cause? How is COVID-19 different?

Common signs of coronavirus infection include runny nose, cough, fever, sore throat, and shortness of breath.

COVID-19 can cause a wide range of signs and symptoms at varying levels of severity. The most common are fever, dry cough, and tiredness. Other symptoms include shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, muscle aches, chills, sore throat, headache, or chest pain.

Other symptoms that aren't as common include: gastrointestinal symptoms, new loss of smell or taste, skin changes (like lesions), confusion, and pink eye (conjunctivitis).

SOURCE: Mayo Clinic

Why does COVID-19 cause loss of smell?

Some patients can temporarily lose their sense of smell. This is because the "hook" of cells used by SARS-CoV-2 to latch onto and infect cells is up to 700 times more prevalent in the olfactory-supporting cells lining the inside of the upper part of the nose than in the cells lining the rest of the nose and windpipe that leads to the lungs. The supporting cells are necessary for the function/development of odor-sensing cells.

SOURCE: The Hub

Why does COVID-19 cause shortness of breath?

COVID-19 can cause damage to the lungs that impedes their ability to remove oxygen from the air. A lot of patients develop what's known as severe acute respiratory distress syndrome.

SOURCE: Jennifer Nuzzo

Does COVID-19 affect the heart?

One of the mechanisms that the SARS-CoV-2 virus uses to enter the lungs, called the ACE2 receptors, lives in the heart as well. When the virus enters the heart, it can cause clots, pulmonary embolism, or clots within the arteries of the heart causing a heart attack.

SOURCE: Public Health On Call

When and how should I seek medical attention?

Via the CDC:
If you develop any of the following emergency warning signs* for COVID-19, get medical attention immediately by calling your doctor's office. Emergency warning signs include (but are not limited to):

Trouble breathing

Persistent pain or pressure in the chest

New confusion or inability to arouse

Bluish lips or face

Please call your medical provider for any other symptoms that are severe or concerning to you.
*This list is not all possible symptoms. Please call your medical provider for any other symptoms that are severe or concerning to you.
How are coronaviruses transmitted between people?

Although laboratory tests have shown that SARS-CoV-2 can remain on plastic and stainless steel for days, surfaces are not the main way that the virus spreads.

According to the WHO, the virus can spread from an infected person's mouth or nose in small liquid particles when they cough, sneeze, speak, sing, or breathe. Current evidence suggests that the virus spreads mainly between people who are in close contact with each other, typically within six feet such as at a "conversational distance." A person can be infected when aerosols or droplets containing the virus are inhaled or come directly into contact with the eyes, nose, or mouth.

The virus can also spread in poorly ventilated and/or crowded indoor settings, where people tend to spend longer periods of time. This is because aerosols remain suspended in the air and can travel farther than three feet.

Vaccination, wearing a mask, staying at least six feet away from others, and avoiding prolonged contact (more than fifteen minutes) indoors with others are all helpful mitigation factors.

When a person breathes in a droplet containing the SARS-CoV-2 virus, how long does it take for the virus to start binding to receptors in the nose and throat? Is it seconds, minutes, hours, or days?

[This probably occurs] within minutes to hours. It's probably not instantaneous. I'm sure in a petri dish or in a laboratory, it can be done in seconds. But in your human body, it's a little bit more complicated because there's mucus. There are little hairs on your cells that are constantly beating, trying to remove debris like viruses. So it's hard to know exactly what the time course is down to the precise unit of measurement.

SOURCE: Amesh Adalja

What's the difference between being asymptomatic and presymptomatic?

Asymptomatic individuals test positive for COVID-19 but "lack symptoms that would indicate SARS-CoV-2 infection." Some people may not experience any symptoms during the entire course of their COVID-19 infection.

But some people may develop symptoms days after a positive test. These individuals would be classified as having been presymptomatic at the time of their positive test; they will eventually develop symptoms.

SOURCE: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

When people are asymptomatic, can they spread the virus?

Yes. A lab study suggests that as many as 50% of people who have the disease show no symptoms and are still able to spread the disease.

SOURCE: Gigi Gronvall

How long is an asymptomatic carrier shedding the virus?

Most people with COVID-19 can discontinue isolation 10 days after symptom onset. For people with no symptoms of COVID-19, isolation can be discontinued 10 days after the date of their first positive test.

Please note: This is an evolving situation and recommendations may change. For the latest, please check the CDC's site.

SOURCE: CDC

If people are asymptomatic, how does the virus get from one person to another?

We now understand that the virus can be spread by people who have no symptoms at the time of transmission. Infected people can breathe out viral particles, which can infect others. Most documented transmission occurs over short distances, but some outbreaks have been reported where transmission occurred over a longer range. For this reason, experts caution about avoiding poorly ventilated indoor spaces, as these conditions may enable viral particles to build up and facilitate longer-range transmission.

Asymptomatic individuals test positive for COVID-19 but "lack symptoms that would indicate SARS-CoV-2 infection." Some people may not experience any symptoms during the entire course of their COVID-19 infection.

But some people may develop symptoms days after a positive test. These individuals would be classified as having been presymptomatic at the time of their positive test; they will eventually develop symptoms.

Reviews have shown that most transmission from people who don't have symptoms at the time of transmission occurs from people who turn out to be presymptomatic, not asymptomatic.

SOURCE: Jennifer Nuzzo

Is COVID-19 airborne?

The principal mode by which people are infected with SARS-CoV-2 is through exposure to respiratory fluids carrying infectious virus. Exposure occurs in three principal ways: inhalation of very fine respiratory droplets and aerosol particles; deposition of respiratory droplets and particles on exposed mucus membranes in the mouth, nose, or eye by direct splashes or sprays; and touching mucous membranes with hands that have been soiled either directly by virus-containing respiratory fluids or indirectly by touching surfaces with virus on them.

Enclosed spaces with inadequate ventilation or air handling, increased exhalation by an infectious person such as through physical exertion or raising their voice, and prolonged exposure can all contribute to a concentration of exhaled respiratory fluids, especially very fine droplets and aerosol particles that can build up in the air space.

What is known about young children and COVID?

Young children can be infected and transmit to others. At this time, it appears that severe illness due to COVID-19 is uncommon among children. However, there is an urgent need to collect more data to assess the severity of illness related to new variants as well as the longer-term impacts of the pandemic on children, including ways the virus may harm the long-term physical health of children, as well as its emotional and mental health effects.

There is a rare and dangerous condition in sick children called multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) which is thought to be caused by an immune reaction to SARS-CoV-2.

Children aged 5-11 are eligible for vaccination with a recommended Pfizer booster at 5 months past the last dose, and an additional primary dose for children with certain immunocompromised conditions.

SOURCE: Public Health On Call Podcast, CDC, American Academy of Pediatrics

Is COVID-19 worse than the flu?

For unvaccinated individuals, COVID-19 is much deadlier than the flu. COVID-19 has a higher severe disease and mortality rate than influenza in all age groups, except perhaps children under the age of 12.

COVID-19 vaccines provide substantial protection against hospitalization and death.

SOURCE: Andrew Pekosz

When can I resume normal activities after a COVID infection if I had symptoms?

The CDC is monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic and has issued interim guidance for ending isolation. This guidance is subject to change so please check the CDC's site for the latest.

The CDC advises:

You can be around others after:

5 (full) days since symptoms first appeared AND

24 hours with no fever without the use of fever-reducing medications AND

Other symptoms of COVID-19 are improving*

*Loss of taste and smell may persist for weeks or months after recover and need not delay the end of isolation.

You should continue to wear a well-fitting mask around others at home and in public for 5 additional days (days 6-10) after the end of your 5-day isolation period. Avoid people who are immunocompromised or high-risk for at least 10 days.

When can I resume normal activities after a COVID infection if I did NOT have symptoms?

The CDC is monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic and has issued interim guidance for ending isolation. This guidance is subject to change so please check the CDC's site for the latest.

The CDC advises:

You can be around others after 5 (full) days since the date of your positive viral test.

You should continue to wear a well-fitting mask around others at home and in public for 5 additional days (days 6-10) after the end of your 5-day isolation period. Avoid people who are immunocompromised or high-risk for at least 10 days.

Do not go to places where you are unable to wear a mask and avoiding eating around others at home and at work until 10 days after the date of your positive test.
If you develop symptoms after testing positive, your 5-day isolation period should start over. Day 0 is your first day of symptoms.
What is the possibility of reinfection after you have recovered from COVID-19?

It's difficult to confirm a case of reinfection. You need to have samples of sequencing from the first infection and again from the second infection to actually be able to tell if it's a different variant of the virus and not just the same persistent infection that's coming back.

Based on what we know from similar viruses, some reinfections are expected. Ongoing studies will help us understand the likelihood of reinfection and how soon it can occur, who might be at higher risk, what reinfection means for immunity.

Certain variants, such as omicron, may be more likely to cause reinfection.

Is there evidence of a heightened risk to pregnant women?

Pregnant people are at an increased risk for severe illness from COVID-19 compared to non-pregnant people. Having certain underlying medical conditions and other factors, including age, can further increase a pregnant or recently pregnant person's risk for developing severe illness.

Pregnant people with COVID-19 are also at increased risk for preterm birth (delivering the baby earlier than 37 weeks) and might be at increased risk for other poor pregnancy outcomes.

Pregnant and recently pregnant and breastfeeding people can receive a COVID-19 vaccine.

Learn more about newborns and COVID-19 here.

SOURCE: CDC

What exactly are SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants of interest?

Because so many SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged, the WHO has instituted a system to classify them into two major groups: Variants of Concern (VOCs) and Variants of Interest (VOI). VOCs are variants that have clearly shown the ability to transmit more easily in humans, evade vaccine, or cause increased disease severity. VOIs are variants that have mutations that might make them more of a threat to humans, but the data has either not been collected or is inconclusive. There are many variants that don't fall into either of these categories because viruses like SARS-CoV-2 tends to mutate at a frequent rate, but most of those mutations don't affect how the virus circulates or causes disease.

The WHO made a new naming system for VOCs and VOIs that uses Greek letters in place of the formal scientific designation or place of identification of these variants. For example, the alpha variant used to be referred to as "UK variant" or "B.1.1.7" and the delta variant was the "India variant" or "B.1.617.2".

SOURCE: Andrew Pekosz

Why are some variants of SARS-CoV-2 more transmissable?

There are currently two theories about what, specifically, makes some of these variants more transmissible. One is that variant viruses are "stickier," meaning it requires a smaller amount of virus to cause infection because it's better at adhering to your cells. Another theory is that variants causes people to harbor more virus particles in their noses and throats, which means more virus is expelled when people talk, cough, or sneeze.

With omicron, there was a large number of mutations that occurred in the spike protein-the protein the virus uses to bind to and enter cells-which is the target of the vaccine. Those mutations look like they might allow the virus to escape from vaccine-induced immunity to some degree, allow the virus to bind more tightly to cells, and allow the virus to enter cells faster.

Behavioral and situational factors could help a more transmissible variant spread even further, but wearing a mask, ensuring physical distance, and hand washing will still help.

SOURCE: Public Health On Call, Andrew Pekosz

Is there a difference between "more transmissable" and "more contagious?"

Transmission is often used when we talk about populations, while contagious is more often used when we are talking about an individual. They are interchangeable to some degree.

SOURCE: Andrew Pekosz

Is there any change in guidance for how to protect yourself and others from new variants of SARS-CoV-2?

Well-fitted masks properly worn, social distancing, and hand washing should work against the variants just as well.

Most importantly, COVID-19 vaccines-and in particular the mRNA vaccines-are showing good protection against the VOCs, so go and get your COVID-19 vaccine!

SOURCE: Andrew Pekosz, CDC

How common is it for a virus to mutate? Is it unusual to see new variants of SARS-CoV-2 take hold this soon?

All viruses mutate, and SARS-CoV-2 has been mutating at a pretty consistent rate since it entered the human population.

Omicron has accumulated an extremely large number of mutations compared to other lineages. Usually we can follow the evolution of a virus because we find related viruses with fewer mutations. But with this virus, it seems to have just appeared with a lot of mutations.

SOURCE: Andrew Pekosz, The Hub

Will the new variants eventually be more widespread than the current "wildtype" virus?

If the new variant is more transmissible than other SARS-CoV-2 lineages, it eventually could be the most commonly found lineage of SARS-CoV-2. However, while we still have so many people with no immunity to the virus, we should still see different lineages spreading in different parts of the world.

SOURCE: Andrew Pekosz

Are some groups at a higher risk for severe COVID-19 illness?

Severe illness from COVID-19 can include: hospitalization, intensive care, a ventilator to help with breathing, or death.

Being unvaccinated substantially increases everyone's risk of severe COVID. Additionally, available information suggests that the following are at a higher risk for severe illness from the virus:

Older adults:
More than 80% of COVID deaths occur in people over age 65

Many racial and ethnic minority groups and people with disabilities (due to long-standing systemic health and social inequities)
Studies have shown that people from racial and ethnic minority groups are also dying from COVID-19 at younger ages

People of any age with the following conditions:

Cancer

Chronic kidney disease

COPD

Immunocompromised state from solid organ transplant

Obesity (BMI of 30 or higher)

Pregnancy

Serious heart conditions, such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, or cardiomyopathies

Sickle cell disease

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Adults of any age with underlying medical conditions are at increased risk for severe illness. COVID-19 vaccines are recommended for and can be administered to most people with underlying medical conditions. In some cases, people with certain medical conditions that cause a suppressed immune system should receive a third dose of either the Moderna or Pfizer vaccine as soon as 28 days after the second dose.

For a full list and recommended precautions, please visit the CDC resource.

SOURCES: CDC, Johns Hopkins Medicine

Do high-risk patients ever have mild coronavirus, or is it always the case that people who are at higher risk get very sick?

Certainly, people of advanced age and people with underlying conditions statistically are among those mostly likely to be hospitalized and die, but that's not always the case. People in both of those categories also may have mild infection or may become sick and survive their illness.

SOURCE: Jennifer Nuzzo

Do we know, at this point, who is at risk of developing long COVID?

At this point, there's no data on who is more likely to get long COVID. But there are studies underway that are looking at whether vaccination can help with long COVID.

It's important to note that regardless of whether or not vaccines can help with symptoms, long-hauler COVID patients should get vaccinated for COVID. This will help prevent reinfection as we still don't know how robust the immune response is in long-haul patients.

SOURCE: Gigi Gronvall

Can children develop long COVID?

Recent data indicates that 2 - 10% of young COVID-19 survivors-some as young as 9 years old-are estimated to experience lingering symptoms.

SOURCE: H opkins Bloomberg Public Health Magazine

Are people on immunosuppressive drugs more susceptible to severe COVID-19?

New research finds that people taking immunosuppressive drugs to prevent organ transplant rejection or to treat inflammatory or autoimmune diseases do not fare worse than others on average when they are hospitalized with COVID-19. There is no indication that people taking these drugs should be concerned that their medication increases their risk for severe COVID-19.

COVID-19 vaccines are recommended for and can be administered to most people with underlying medical conditions. In some cases, people with certain medical conditions that cause a suppressed immune system should receive a third dose of either the Moderna or Pfizer vaccine as soon as 28 days after the second dose.

SOURCES: Caleb Alexander, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

How is COVID-19 impacting people without spleens? (With certain bacterial diseases, people without spleens can get very severe infections.)

There is not specific data around this. In general, we think of people who do not have a spleen or whose spleen is not functioning well as being immunosuppressed. I would be more cautious with those individuals and more aggressive in their care. Those individuals would want to have more social distancing than the average person.

SOURCE: Amesh Adalja

What are all the different kinds of COVID tests?

Testing for COVID can be divided into two main groups: testing for active SARS-CoV-2 infection or testing for past SARS-CoV-2 infection. Active infection indicates that a person has virus that is replicating and that they could infect others. Past infection indicates that an individual has recovered from COVID-19 and has no actively replicating virus.

To test for active infection, diagnostic antigen or molecular tests are used.

To test for past infection, serology tests are used.

Learn more about the specific types of antigen, molecular, and serology tests, how they are collected, and when each should be used here.

SOURCE: T he Center for Health Security Testing Toolkit

What kind of COVID test should I get?

The Center for Health Security has created a flowchart to help you determine what COVID-19 test type you may need.

In general, if you may have a current COVID-19 infection and you are experiencing symptoms, you should seek an antigen or molecular diagnostic test. These tests may be referred to with terms like: PCR, qPCR, rRT-PCR, antigen, rapid antigen test, RPA, RT-LAMP, and CRISPR.

SOURCE: T he Center for Health Security

What's the difference between a rapid test versus a PCR test that takes 24 hours or longer?

PCR tests have to be done in the lab. That test has an amplification step so it can find small amounts of virus in somebody's nose. That means you can detect the infection a little bit earlier on.

The rapid antigen test requires a lot of virus to see a positive result because there's no amplification step. The good part about that is that if you test positive in this fast test, then you really know you should not be around other people. You are infectious and need to isolate immediately.

There are pros and cons: you can catch an infection earlier with a PCR test, but you get the immediate actionable result with the rapid antigen test. They've been shown to be pretty equivalent in lots of different scenarios.

SOURCE: Gigi Gronvall

How accurate are at-home COVID tests?

When used correctly, at-home rapid antigen tests are good at detecting high levels of the virus.

There is some data that at-home tests may not pick up infections from omicron as early as other variants, so if you feel symptoms but test negative you may need to test again and hold off a little bit on assuming that you're negative.

SOURCE: Gigi Gronvall

If I test positive for COVID on an at-home test, what should I do? Is there anyone I need to call?

If you test positive using an at-home test, you should follow-up with your health care provider and follow the instructions on your test kit to report your results to the local health department. You should isolate in your home according to CDC guidelines and reduce contact with anyone living in your household.

After you've reported your results or spoken to your health care provider, you may be contacted by your local health department to alert any close contacts with whom you may have recently interacted. Always stay in touch with your health care provider, monitor your symptoms, and seek medical attention if necessary.

SOURCE: Amanda Kobokovich

I got an antibody test after I got vaccinated and it came back negative. Does that mean the vaccine didn't work for me?

Not all antibody tests are looking for the part of the virus that the vaccine is made from, so all that test was telling that person was that they never had COVID.

None of the tests right now are authorized to determine how well you responded to the vaccine. But the vaccines are really effective. If you indeed took the vaccine, you don't need a test from your pharmacy to confirm you're vaccinated.

SOURCE: Gigi Gronvall

Do different variants of SARS-CoV-2 affect testing accuracy?

Because of the diversity and breadth of tests currently available, most diagnostic tests can still be reliably used to diagnose the variant strains.

SOURCE: The Center for Health Security

What does testing tell us the spread of the virus? What is "percent positive"?

Public health officials rely on testing results to track the state of the pandemic and policymakers use this information to guide decisions on reopening schools and businesses.

Percent positive is the percentage of all coronavirus tests performed that are actually positive, or: (positive tests)/(total tests) x 100%. The percent positive (sometimes called the percent positive rate or positivity rate) helps public officials understand the current level of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the community and whether or not a community is doing enough testing for the number of people who are getting infected.

SOURCE: David Dowdy and Gypsyamber D'Souza

How can I protect myself against coronaviruses?

The best way to protect yourself from COVID-19 is to get vaccinated.
The CDC also recommends the following:

Regularly and thoroughly wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or clean them with a 60% alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands.

Maintain at least six feet of distance between yourself and anyone who doesn't live in your household. If someone in your home is sick, maintain six feet of distance from the sick person if possible.

Cover your mouth and nose with a mask when around others.

Cover your mouth and nose with your bent elbow or a tissue when you cough or sneeze, then dispose of the used tissue immediately.

Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces daily, including doorknobs, tables, light switches, countertops, handles, desks, phones, keyboards, toilets, faucets, and sinks.

Stay home if you feel unwell and, if possible, seek testing for COVID-19.

Does wearing a mask protect me from getting sick?

Wearing masks protects the wearer as well as others. Well-fitting masks fifilter out the majority of viral particles if worn properly.

SOURCE: Public Health On Call, CDC

Is hand sanitizer effective to protect against COVID-19?

If soap and water are not readily available, use a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol. Cover all surfaces of your hands and rub them together until they feel dry.

Is there anything I can do to prepare just in case I or someone in my household gets COVID?

The best thing you can do is to follow prevention guidelines like wearing a mask, practicing social distancing, and avoiding close contact with others not in your household.

But there are other things you can do to be prepared in the event of illness such as knowing where and how to access testing, having a plan for quarantine and isolation, and understanding your employer's sick leave policy. Read more about how to prepare for COVID here.

SOURCE: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

What should I do if I am fully vaccinated and exposed to COVID?

The CDC is monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic and has issued interim guidance for exposure. This guidance is subject to change so please check the CDC's site for the latest.

The CDC advises:

Fully vaccinated people who have come into close contact with someone with suspected or confirmed COVID do not need to quarantine. You should wear a well-fitting mask around others for 10 days from the date of their last close contact with someone who has COVID-19. If you test positive or develop symptoms, isolate from other people and f ollow the recommendations for isolation.

Is the public water supply safe from COVID-19?

There is no evidence of transmission through the public water supply.

SOURCE: Joshua Sharfstein

If multiple people in a household are positive, can they isolate together or do they have to be separated?

The goal of isolation is to avoid infecting people who are not already infected. Isolating separately is challenging, so if multiple people in a household have confirmed COVID-19, it's fine for them to isolate together.

If one household member has COVID-19, that person should be isolated from others in the home.

SOURCE: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

Does wearing two masks offer better protection than wearing just one?

If you do not have access to an N95 mask, one way to boost the protection of a cloth mask is by wearing a surgical mask underneath it.

Important note: This guidance is not intended for a health care workers. That guidance can be found here.

SOURCE: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

Are my pets at risk of getting sick?

Keep your pets-just keep your distance if you have COVID-19.

While few pet animals have been shown to carry SARS-CoV-2, and even fewer have gotten sick, it is possible for owners to transmit the COVID-19 virus to their pets. Cats and ferrets may be more likely than other kinds of pets to contract the virus. Some dogs have tested positive too.

The recommendation right now is to keep your distance from pets if you are diagnosed with COVID-19 or have been exposed to someone who tested positive. If you have COVID-19 and your pet is sick, please contact your veterinarian.

SOURCE: Meghan Davis

Can you get COVID-19 from second-hand smoke?

If someone is smoking a cigarette and coughing at the same time, maybe, but there's not a biological mechanism for how the virus would be in the smoke.

SOURCE: Amesh Adalja

Does prone body position help very severely ill coronavirus patients in the intensive care unit?

There are reports that this can be helpful and there are more proning studies going on. The challenge with proning is that it is staffing intensive. You need a lot of staff to put people in the proning position and keep them that way-and a lot of PPE to do this safely.

SOURCE: Lauren Sauer

Wet markets in China are widely believed to be a source of new infections, including coronavirus. Should they be shut down?

Wet markets have come up in a number of contexts-certainly with COVID-19, and the 2003 SARS epidemic was linked to a wet market. The challenge with COVID-19 is that we don't actually know much about the wet market that was involved. We know that the initial cluster of patients seen by clinicians had an occupational connection there. But we don't fully know if and how they became infected at the wet market. It's possible that the virus was circulating in the population and somebody who had it spread it at the wet market. We don't know that it came from the animals there.

Wet markets have been identified as places of risk for the potential of animal viruses to spill over into human viruses, and there's an active conversation around what to do about that. Some want to shut them down but worry it will just drive the practice underground in a way that authorities are unable to regulate. Others advocate for more regulatory approaches, so that when they occur, they occur as cleanly as possible.

SOURCE: Jennifer Nuzzo

Can people expect to be immune once they've had the virus?

If you've been infected, you have some protection but that immunity has limits. The biggest limit is that it doesn't last long: immunity from natural infection starts to decline after 6-8 months.

Studies have shown that people who have been infected can benefit significantly from vaccination. It gives them a strong, lasting immunity boost.

What treatments are there for coronaviruses?

There is no cure yet for COVID-19.

There are some treatments, including a drug called remdesivir, which has been approved by the FDA but research suggests it may provide only a modest benefit to patients.

Molnupiravir is an oral antiviral COIVD-19 drug undergoing review by the FDA. The goal of oral antivirals is to prevent people from getting sicker so they rehabilitate faster. People who are newly infected with the coronavirus or are newly symptomatic begin taking the drugs within three to five days of symptoms starting. It's likely that molnupiravir will be given to nonhospitalized adults with mild to moderate COVID-19 who are within five days of symptom onset and have at least one risk factor for severe disease.

The New York Times Coronavirus Drug and Treatment Tracker is following treatments for effectiveness and safety. This resource is updated frequently.

The Novel Coronavirus Research Compendium (NCRC) is a literature curation effort by over 50 faculty members with collaborating institutions that review thousands of papers about COVID-19 research, including treatment, each week.

SOURCE: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Public Health On Call

How does convalescent plasma work?

Convalescent serum is made from the antibodies made by people who have already recovered from COVID-19. It's possible that giving these antibodies to people at high risk for exposure (like household contacts or health care workers), or to people early in infection, will be beneficial.

New research shows that early use of convalescent plasma may help outpatients avoid hospitalization if administered within 8 days of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2.

SOURCE: Arturo Casadevall

Will an MMR booster provide protection from COVID-19?

There is no evidence that an MMR booster will provide any protection from SARS-CoV-2. But, it is still important for people, and kids in particular, to get the MMR vaccine to prevent those diseases.

SOURCE: Crystal Watson

Is there evidence for using hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19?

Early questions about whether hydroxychloroquine might be of help to patients with COVID-19 have been addressed by high-quality research, and the results do not support the medication's use. In June, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration found " no benefit for decreasing the likelihood of death or speeding recovery," and revoked the medication's authorization for use in COVID-19.

SOURCE: Joshua Sharfstein

Is it a good idea to get a flu shot?

It will be important to increase the proportion of the population vaccinated against flu as a means to protect ourselves and our communities, but also to save hospital capacity to treat those with COVID-19.

SOURCE: Public Health On Call podcast

What are mRNA vaccines and how are they different from other types of vaccines?

All vaccines deliver a viral protein that causes the person being vaccinated to make an immune response. There are different ways to do this: one is to give the whole, inactivated virus so that is doesn't make the person sick.

Another way is to deliver the nucleic acid that encodes the protein and let the [vaccinated person's] cells actually make the protein. RNA is the nucleic acid that codes for proteins that cells make. It has all the information needed to be able to synthesize the protein. [mRNA vaccines] deliver the RNA that encodes the viral protein you're interested in and lets the cell actually make that protein to then stimulate the immune system.

SOURCE: Public Health On Call Podcast

Are mRNA vaccines new?

Decades of research went into perfecting the mRNA technology platform. mRNA was first discovered in the 1930s and the first vaccines were tested in mice in the 1990s.

Although the first mRNA vaccines for humans were tested in 2013-and these were rabies vaccines-the technology had no commercial development opportunities until the COVID-19 pandemic which spurred manufacturers to develop dozens of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and brought tremendous increases in funding.

This is a technology that has been well studied and already, vaccine manufacturers are developing mRNA vaccines to protect against other diseases such as the flu and HIV. It's a new era for vaccine technology and production, and a testament to scientific progress and decades of research.

SOURCE: Chris Beyrer

What makes mRNA vaccines so beneficial?

[mRNA vaccines] have several advantages. Because the cell itself is going to make the protein, it's much more likely to be the native protein or have the right properties that the virus would also have.

Another big advantage is that they're fast to make. If you have the basic platform that [allow you] to insert the sequence for your particular protein of interest, you can just take [that] out and put another one in. It's very fast to substitute in a new, different coding sequence for a protein.

SOURCE: Public Health On Call Podcast

Will mRNA vaccines work against different variants of COVID-19?

So far, mRNA vaccines appear to be quite effective against different variants of COVID-19. But this could change and if new mutations notably alter the protein's structure, new variants could elude the antibodies elicited by vaccines for other variants.

Fortunately, mRNA vaccines are well-suited for keeping up with sudden changes like these. The mRNA itself is manufactured via a standardized process in which the core ingredient is a DNA sequence encoding a specific viral protein. This means vaccine makers can update the vaccine for new strains by tweaking the "recipe" to encode a new protein.

Why were we able to adapt the mRNA platform for the virus that causes COVID-19 but not flu or other viruses?

The first mRNA vaccines using these fatty envelopes were developed against the deadly Ebola virus, but since that virus is only found in a limited number of African countries, it had no commercial development in the U.S.

This is a technology that has been well studied and already, vaccine manufacturers are developing mRNA vaccines to protect against other diseases such as the flu and HIV. It's a new era for vaccine technology and production, and a testament to scientific progress and decades of research.

SOURCE: Chris Beyrer

Will we use the mRNA platform to make other kinds of vaccines?

Already, vaccine manufacturers are developing mRNA vaccines to protect against other diseases such as the flu and HIV. It's a new era for vaccine technology and production, and a testament to scientific progress and decades of research.

SOURCE: Chris Beyrer

If a vaccine is showing "95% efficacy", does that mean that 5% of people who are vaccinated would still get COVID?

There's a lot of different ways that people calculate efficacy. Think about it as if you were vaccinated and your friend was not vaccinated, and you were both exposed to the same amount of virus. Your risk of coming down with COVID is 95% reduced compared to your unvaccinated friend.

Some other vaccines offer 50% efficacy. When you think of it in those terms-if you have a 50% reduced risk of coming down with disease [compared to] an unvaccinated person exposed to the same amount of virus-it's still a pretty good risk calculation for yourself.

95% efficacy is amazing. That's more like the efficacy that we see for childhood vaccines-diphtheria, MMR, tetanus, or measles.

SOURCE: Gigi Gronvall

How do we know that the vaccines are safe, given how quickly they were developed?

As of May 2021, more than 100 million Americans have been fully vaccinated. Public health agencies have been closely watching for any safety signals and we have safety data going back as far as August 2020 when Pfizer and Moderna first began vaccinating Phase 3 clinical trial participants.

In the United States, the FDA has required the same large clinical trial that it would otherwise require for a vaccine. We didn't do what some other countries did and approve it just based on some blood test results; we actually looked at tens of thousands of people to see whether or not it prevented the disease.

One of the ways the process was sped up is that the taxpayers put a lot of money into this program-that was run out of the White House-to allow companies to basically start each part of the process right from the beginning.

Typically, what would happen is a company might do one study and see whether it works. If it doesn't work, then they're done. If it does work, then they start planning the next phase. And if that phase works, then they start planning the next. Everything is A, then B, then C. But with the money that the taxpayers put forward, the companies were able to do A, B, and C all at once. So, they started that ﬁrst phase and if that worked, they were ready to get going on that second phase. If it wasn't going to work, they would have lost all the money [spent] preparing for the second phase.

But what they gained was time. They were able to move from A, to B, to C so much quicker because they didn't have that period in between where they were assessing and ﬁguring out what kind of investment [would be needed] for the next round.

SOURCE: Joshua Sharfstein and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

There is misinformation circulating that COVID-19 vaccines contain mercury, anti-freeze, animal blood, or even formaldehyde. What is behind these claims?

COVID vaccines are new, but these kinds of concerns about vaccines go back for a long time. These are often intentionally a misconstruction of information by people who are anti-vaccine.

Do they include animal blood? Do they include formaldehyde? No, they don't. Some [vaccines] do have preservatives, but all of them have been tested many times and have a good safety record, particularly in the quantities that are in the vaccine. A lot of times, people forget that we ourselves are made up of chemicals, and some of these things in the vaccine, there are sometimes more of them in your own body naturally.

It's important to be aware of your sources of information about the vaccine and also to recognize that there are groups that are intentionally poisoning the information atmosphere with things that are not true about the vaccine. Some don't really care about vaccines and are not really "anti-vaccine." They're just really trying to sow discord.

A good hint of whether the information comes from a source that's intending to sow discord is if it makes you angry, if it inspires a powerful emotion. Just take the next step and look at your source. See if [the information] is coming from a place where there are people who are experts in that topic, who can address the concerns but without trying to manipulate you.

I've even heard [the claim] that there was some sort of chip in the vaccine-that is not possible and not something that is in these vaccines

SOURCE: Gigi Gronvall

Can protection from mRNA vaccines work against new variants of the virus?

So far, it looks like the mutations that are in the spike protein in these different variants are not going to let the virus escape the vaccine. This could change-particularly as SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread throughout the world, with each new host creating opportunities for mutation. If these mutations notably alter the protein's structure, new variants could elude the antibodies elicited by vaccines for other variants.

Fortunately, mRNA vaccines are well-suited for keeping up with sudden changes in the viral landscape. The mRNA itself is manufactured via a standardized process in which the core ingredient is a DNA sequence encoding a specific viral protein. This means vaccine makers can update the vaccine to fend off new strains by simply tweaking the "recipe" to encode a new protein.

If this virus becomes endemic, it might be that new vaccine variants will need to be rolled out to match the variants that take root.

SOURCE: Gigi Gronvall

What are randomized control trials?

A randomized control trial is a study design where a patient is randomized to either option one or option two, sometimes multiple options, and sometimes one of those options is a placebo. That study design allows us to control for factors that may influence our ability to see the benefits and the risks associated with something like a treatment.

It's really important in this setting because we don't know much about COVID-19. The design is how we identify medical countermeasures, vaccines, medications.

SOURCE: Lauren Sauer

Do the COVID-19 vaccinations impact fertility in men and women?

There is no basis for believing that they impact fertility.

SOURCE: Joshua Sharfstein

Should pregnant women get vaccinated for COVID-19?

The CDC encourages all pregnant people or people who are thinking about becoming pregnant and those breastfeeding to get vaccinated to protect themselves from COVD-19.

Should I expect side effects from COVID-19 vaccines?

Side effects may vary with the type of COVID-19 vaccine. We know the most about side effects following vaccination with the Pfizer and Moderna messenger RNA-or mRNA-vaccines.

The most common side effect is soreness at the site of injection. Other side effects include fatigue, headache, muscle aches, chills, joint pain, and possibly some fever.

SOURCE: William Moss

How long do side effects from COVID-19 vaccines last?

Usually 24 to 48 hours, and no more than a few days.

SOURCE: William Moss

Since COVID-19 vaccines come in two doses, will I experience the same side effects after each dose?

Side effects were more frequent after the second dose in the vaccine trials.

SOURCE: William Moss

Do side effects differ from one manufacturer's vaccine to another?

Side effects are similar after the Pfizer and Moderna mRNA vaccines but could differ with other types of vaccines.

SOURCE: William Moss

Can side effects be more pronounced in people who are at higher risk of severe COVID-19 disease, like those who are older or who have comorbidities?

No-in fact, vaccine side effects have been less frequent and severe in adults older than 55 years in the vaccine trials.

SOURCE: William Moss

How do I know if my side effects are normal or if I should alert my doctor or health care provider?

You will be told about the side effects of the vaccine and when you should consult a health care worker at the time you are vaccinated.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advises that you should contact your doctor or health care provider if the redness or tenderness where you got the shot increases after 24 hours, or if your side effects are worrying you or do not seem to be going away after a few days.

SOURCE: William Moss

Is it safe to take acetaminophen or ibuprofen with vaccination?

There are no known safety issues with taking acetaminophen or ibuprofen with vaccination. Some experts have expressed concern that taking these medications might interfere with the immune response to the vaccine, but there is not data available to address this question directly.

As a result, it is generally recommended to take these medications only if necessary. The CDC says, "If you have pain or discomfort, talk to your doctor about taking an over-the-counter medicine, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen." People who suffer specific medical complications of fevers should discuss a plan for using fever-reducing medications with their physicians before vaccination.

SOURCE: Joshua Sharfstein

Is it possible to contract COVID-19 between vaccine doses?

Yes-and this is why it is important to continue to wear a mask, practice social distancing, and wash your hands.

The first dose will not provide complete protection, and it will take about seven days after your second dose before you will achieve a full protective level of immunity that develops in about 95% of vaccine recipients. If you are exposed to SARS-CoV-2 before this time, it is possible that you could develop COVID-19.

Even once you have received both doses of the COVID-19 vaccine, it will still be important to continue practicing public health mitigation strategies like masks and distancing until the pandemic is under control and we know more about how the vaccines prevent transmission.

SOURCE: William Moss

How will I know whether I am experiencing side effects or possible COVID-19 infection?

The side effects of the vaccine typically start within 12 to 24 hours of vaccination, but it may be difficult to tell the two apart if you become infected between vaccine doses.

If you experience side effects that last beyond 48 hours, you should contact your doctor or medical provider for advice.

SOURCE: William Moss

Should people who already had COVID-19 and recovered still be vaccinated?

Yes! Prior infection with COVID-19 does offer some protection, but it's limited: Immunity from natural infection starts to decline after 6-8 months.

Studies have shown that people who have been infected can benefit significantly from vaccination. After receiving the first dose of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine, they have immunity levels comparable to those of uninfected people who have received their second dose.

If I've had COVID, how long should I wait to get vaccinated? Is it ok to get my first dose if I no longer have symptoms?

If you are sick, stay home until you get better, which is around 10 days and no symptoms-then it's fine to get vaccinated.

There are people who may get COVID right after their first shot, before there's any protection, and they could get vaccinated for their second shot on time if they want, with one exception: If they've been treated for that COVID infection with antibody treatment, then there's a recommendation to wait 90 days so that that antibody treatment doesn't interfere with the vaccination.

SOURCE: Joshua Sharfstein

Since there's a chance I could get sick from the vaccine's side effects, is it better to get infected with COVID-19 naturally than to get vaccinated?

No. Vaccines are tested for their safety in ways we could never do with a natural viral infection. A lot of what are referred to as side effects are the precise things we experience to a greater degree when we are infected: fever, headache, malaise, gastrointestinal issues, etc. With infection, you don't know how bad it's going to be. By not getting vaccinated, you're rolling the dice. You may become severely ill. You may have to be hospitalized. You may die. There's also the risk of long COVID.

SOURCE: Sabra Klein

If I am fully vaccinated and I catch another variant, will I acquire additional immunity?

It's likely that when you get a natural infection, you are going to be exposed to proteins of the virus that are not contained in the vaccine.

So, you likely will get a boost to your immunity, and maybe some different elements of your immunity will get stimulated with the natural infection.

If I get vaccinated, will I give my infant child an increased risk of getting sick from a COVID variant?

No. The best way to protect your infant (who's too young to be vaccinated) is for you to be vaccinated. That makes it much less likely that you will bring COVID-19-in any of its variant forms-into your household.

Why is the world's response to COVID-19 so much greater than the response to other outbreaks like H1N1 or SARS?

One reason is that this virus is more easily transmitted than SARS (SARS caused an epidemic in 2003.). People with SARS were most likely to transmit the virus when they were quite ill, so a lot of transmission occurred in health care environments. Once we were able to improve infection control in health care environments, we were able to bring the epidemic under control. The 2009 pandemic caused by the new flu strain H1N1 was similar to COVID-19 in the sense that people transmitted their infections quite easily. But it was a milder virus; it didn't produce the same level of severe illness or death that we so far have seen with this novel coronavirus.

COVID-19 is not as deadly as SARS was. On average, SARS killed about 10% of the known cases, and the estimates for this virus are much lower. But the fact that it's so easily transmissible- much more like a flu than SARS-has made response to this pandemic quite difficult.

SOURCE: Jennifer Nuzzo

What metrics should communities be looking at to understand the real-time spread and anticipate the timing of the surge?

What's going on at your local level can change over time, from week to week, or month to month.

Local or state health department websites can tell you what's going on in your community. First, look at the number of COVID-19 cases. This number includes those who test positive-and, remember that not everyone who is infected or feels sick will access a test, so that number is just the tip of the iceberg. You want to see what that number of cases is doing over time, note if it is going up or down. Another thing to be aware of if there is major change is the amount of testing that's going on in your community.

The second number to look at is the number of deaths in the community. There's been a lot of debate about how to measure COVID-19 deaths, but you're going to be looking at that trend over time. Not just how many people died today, but over the last week. Hopefully, it is decreasing, signaling lower risk.

This is a live public health moment. Things are changing all the time and no data is perfect, but a lot of data can be really helpful.

The Johns Hopkins Coronavirus map is a good resource to examine the spread in other states and countries around the world. The map is updated in real time as additional information is made available from a variety of sources.
You can also pay attention to the proportion of people in your community that are vaccinated.

SOURCE: Public Health On Call Podcast

What are best practices for businesses to protect employees and customers?

The Center for Health Security has an Operational Toolkit for Businesses Considering Reopening or Expanding Operations in COVID-19. The toolkit includes an instruction manual, business risk worksheet, and an assessment calculator.

SOURCE: The Center for Health Security

Is temperature monitoring effective?

Taking temperatures is a very insensitive and imprecise tool. A fever is not always present with COVID-19 disease.

People can also have elevated temperatures for all sorts of reasons that don't correlate with illness, such as exercise , or they can suppress their fevers by taking Tylenol or other over-the-counter medications.

SOURCE: Eric Toner

What are the best ways to do contact tracing?

A great resource on contact tracing is the Johns Hopkins COVID-19 contact tracing course, which is available for free on Coursera. (If you have taken the course, check out this resource of Frequently Asked Question s about contact tracing jobs and opportunities.)

In the U.S., the commitment to contact tracing programs, to getting them to the scale and speed that we need, has really varied by state and by jurisdiction. It's clear across the U.S. right now that very few places that have the programs, the interventions in place, to keep transmission under control. Contact tracing has to be part of that. But there are other interventions to reduce the number of contacts that people have every day to go along with it.

Contact tracing can only work if you can find cases, and we are still not there with testing in the U.S.

SOURCE: Emily Gurley

Are there effective contact tracing apps or tech platforms?

Contact tracing is critical to managing transmission, but it's resource intensive and requires a lot of data gathering. This can strain public health departments and areas that can't recruit or train tracers.

Digital tools can facilitate quick and effective communication and give access to real-time information. Contact tracing tools and apps can follow up with patients, notify individuals of potential exposure, and refer them to testing facilities and care if they develop symptoms. There are also apps that collect user-generated data where users report symptoms or fill out surveys that can help officials map outbreaks.

But these tools may be costly, and there are questions of usability of the platforms. There are also privacy considerations, as some apps require the use of Bluetooth and location sharing.

SOURCE: Smisha Argawal

What should families with unvaccinated children consider?

The virus is still with us and the pandemic is not over, particularly for families with young children and household members who are immune compromised. Consider a few key questions:

Whom will you be interacting with?

What is the current proportion vaccinated and the current spread of COVID-19 in my community?

Where will the interaction take place?

Is the interaction necessary and what are the policies in place?

SOURCE: K eri Althoff and Elizabeth Stuart

How should we be thinking about schools?

The biggest factor determining risk in schools is what the virus is doing outside of them. In places where you have a very high test positivity, like well into the double digits, that suggests that the outbreak is very widespread and that testing isn't keeping up.

Regardless of whether schools open online, in person, or with a hybrid approach, there will be learning disruptions to consider. COVID-19 is exacerbating growing inequities around achievement, development, and graduation rates.

Schools can also expect a year of uncertainty and should think about plans for positive cases among students, faculty, and staff, or spikes in community transmission. Teachers and parents will need to help children manage distress caused by uncertainty, distance learning, and fear, and school leaders and educators will need to plan for different scenarios.

SOURCE: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

How can schools develop a COVID-19 testing strategy?

Designing an effective testing strategy will require careful consideration of your group's goals, resources, and structure. A testing strategy is a tailored plan that not only includes identifying the actual tests used but also describes the steps and factors to address to ensure that testing is rolled out in an effective way. In this section, we identify important factors you that can help you design your own testing strategy.

While a testing strategy will be unique to each organization, group, or individual, a few common factors should be considered when creating any testing plan:

1. Are you trying to determine a current or past infection?

2. Would you prefer to have samples collected at home or by a trained professional?

3. How many people will be tested?

4. What age groups will be tested?

SOURCE: The Center for Health Security's Testing Toolkit

How should we think about making sure communities of Color have equitable access to vaccines?

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had tragic and disproportionate adverse effects on Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) communities across the United States.

As the COVID-19 vaccination campaign begins, it is critical that vaccines be delivered fairly and equitably-so that everyone has the same level of access to this lifesaving technology. Just as pressing is the need to address longstanding disparities that have created the unequal situation that BIPOC communities are now in.

The Center for Health Security has released a plan for elected and appointed officials that contains the tools to create, implement, and support a vaccination campaign that works with BIPOC communities to remedy COVID-19 impacts, prevent even more health burdens, lay the foundation for unbiased healthcare delivery, and enable broader social change and durable community-level opportunities.

SOURCE: The Center for Health Security's Equity in Vaccination Plan

How should we think about the need for racial and ethnic diversity in clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccines?

It's critically important that we have racial and ethnic diversity.

We know that COVID causes increased rates of severe disease in Latinx and Black populations and in Native American populations. We will certainly want to be able to offer these COVID vaccines to these high-risk populations and encourage their use. But we need to know how well these vaccines work in these populations-if different vaccines work differently-so that we can offer the most effective vaccines.

SOURCE: Ruth Karron

Why are Black and other communities of Color being hit especially hard by COVID-19?

Before COVID-19, minority communities were already disproportionately impacted by health inequities. People in those communities already have higher rates of obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and lung disease, so these are the folks who were actually going to be at more risk of getting seriously ill with COVID-19. These health inequities result from the financial stresses of being poor and the social stresses of being from a marginalized group with a history of institutionalized, sanctioned mistreatment by law enforcement and other societal institutions.

There's a confluence of all these different factors-not having access to food, not having access to good quality housing, being crowded in small houses where there are multiple generations and unable to engage in social distancing or stock up on groceries for several weeks at a time, having to use public transportation, to work in essential jobs, and having less access to health care. These are all manifestations of structural racism.

SOURCE: Lisa Cooper

What can be done right now to reduce the toll of COVID-19 on Black and minority communities?

The biggest thing that can be done to protect Black and minority communities is to ensure equitable access to vaccines.

Keeping an eye on the data is also an important priority: knowing who is impacted and where they're impacted.

Communication is also really important-making sure that the public understands why we might be seeing these patterns, and that it's more about our society and the way our resources and opportunities are allocated than it is about individual behaviors. We need to do what we can to better understand the challenges of those communities, engage with trusted leaders, listen with respect, and show empathy and concern. We need to recognize the remarkable contributions of African American communities and follow our words up with real actions that bring about positive change.

We also need to focus on frontline workers and low-wage workers, and understand their needs-providing protective equipment, safe spaces to work, paid sick leave, hazard pay, or health insurance and access to testing and care. And, we need to provide for people's basic needs: stable housing, food security, and digital access to education and health care.

SOURCE: Lisa Cooper

What are good sources of information?

Are there books for people to learn more about the public health response to similar situations?

The Public Health Crisis Survival Guide is for anyone involved in a public health operational role who may have to think about how to manage a crisis and maintain credibility in the face of uncertainty. D.A. Henderson's Smallpox, the Death of a Disease has great information about operational challenges to confronting the spread of disease and the goal of trying to reduce its impacts on society.

SOURCE: Jennifer Nuzzo

How can I learn more from experts?

The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health hosts a daily podcast called Public Health On Call, featuring interviews with experts and others on the front lines.

You can also stay informed and up-to-date about COVID-19 and other urgent public health issues by subscribing to the Expert Insights Newsletter, which publishes on Tuesdays and Fridays.

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Coronavirus Questions and Answers | Johns Hopkins

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Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that typically cause mild respiratory infections like the common cold, but also more severe (and potentially deadly) infections. They are zoonotic diseases, meaning they are transmitted from animals to people. SOURCE: Global Health NOW Coronaviruses are named after the Latin word corona, meaning "crown" or "halo," because they have "crown-like spikes on their surface," according to the U.S.

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和小猪佩奇一起好好洗手吧！

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和小猪佩奇一起好好洗手吧！

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经常并认真洗手可以有效预防病毒传播。带孩子和小猪佩奇一起洗手，洗手过程至少持续40秒，至少搓洗双手20秒。

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带孩子和小猪佩奇一起好好洗手吧！

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【和小猪佩奇一起好好洗手吧！】带着孩子一起，用清水和肥皂认真洗手吧！包括打湿、搓洗、冲洗、擦干双手等步骤的全过程应持续至少40秒，并至少搓洗双手20秒哦！勤洗手的同时也别忘继续采取其他防疫措施：咳嗽和打喷嚏时屈肘或用纸巾捂住口鼻、保持人际距离、佩戴口罩、保持通风……

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上海社区防疫青年志愿者岗位实务手册

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上海社区防疫青年志愿者岗位实务手册

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家庭成员参与社区防疫志愿服务的行动指南

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上海社区防疫青年志愿者岗位实务手册

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此手册由共青团上海市委员会、上海青年志愿者协会推出。

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上海封控期间家暴救助快速指南

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上海封控期间家暴救助快速指南

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对疫情期间家庭暴力受害者提供快速求助指引

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此文档意在为封控期间已经受到家暴的受害者提供快速指南，由热心志愿者编辑。关于家暴的概念定义、预防、案例、评估表等，可参考文末资料。
1、 在与相关工作人员沟通时，请您态度坚定，可告知对方 家暴违反法律，家暴不是家务事，不只是家庭矛盾、夫妻纠纷，有法律明确支持-- 我国2016年实施了《反家暴法》 ，明确规定： 国家禁止任何形式的家庭暴力。公安机关接到家庭暴力报案后应当及时出警，制止家庭暴力；妇联、街道等机构也有义务阻止家暴、保护受暴者。

1）惩戒施暴者（警方出警，试情况进行训诫、开具告诫书、行政拘留等）

2）要求施暴者离开共住场所

3）要求相关单位协助就医、验伤等

建议一并整理以下证据并向相关单位出示（如有）：施暴者自认证据（如微信聊天记录、短信）、道歉书/保证书、报警出警记录、验伤单、就医材料、有关部门开具的材料（如妇联、街道的调解书）。

4）要求相关单位协助离开本小区，寻求暂时庇护（如：政府救助站、亲友家中、酒店/长租公寓等）

如果 您或家人/同住人/邻居/亲友 遭受了家庭暴力，建议（按优先级排序）：

a. 北京市东城区源众家庭与社区发展服务中心

热线电话： 17701242202 （接听时间：工作日9:00-17:00）

b. 北京市千千律师事务所（原北京大学法学院妇女法律研究中心）

更多反家暴机构请参考网友整理 全国反家暴机构信息
《中华人民共和国反家庭暴力法》

呼吁：疫情期间，反家暴求助受防疫政策影响，受害者在报警、交通、寻求社会资源上存在困难。加上封控时间长，暴力更加容易发生、升级，受害者处境更为艰难。呼吁政府和社会各力量关注疫情期间的家暴受害者，不要让她们陷入绝望的暴力困境中！

其他反家暴参考资料：

《反家暴法》实施六周年｜大家的反家暴资源包 by 合欢心理咨询

《疫情期间家暴防护实用手册》 by 手册编写组

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上海封控期间家暴救助快速指南

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此文档意在为封控期间已经受到家暴的受害者提供快速指南 ，由热心志愿者编辑 。关于家暴的概念定义、预防、案例、评估表等，可参考文末资料。 1、 在与相关工作人员沟通时，请您态度坚定，可告知对方 家暴违反法律 ，家暴不是家务事，不只是家庭矛盾、夫妻纠纷，有法律明确支持-- 我国2016年实施了《反家暴法》 ，明确规定： 国家禁止任何形式的家庭暴力。公安机关接到家庭暴力报案后应当及时出警，制止家庭暴力；妇联、街道等机构也有义务阻止家暴、保护受暴者。 1）惩戒施暴者（警方出警，试情况进行训诫、开具告诫书、行政拘留等） 2）要求施暴者离开共住场所 3）要求相关单位协助就医、验伤等 建议一并整理以下证据并向相关单位出示（如有）：施暴者自认证据（如微信聊天记录、短信）、道歉书/保证书、报警出警记录、验伤单、就医材料、有关部门开具的材料（如妇联、街道的调解书）。 4）要求相关单位协助离开本小区，寻求暂时庇护（如：政府救助站、亲友家中、酒店/长租公寓等） 如果 您或家人/同住人/邻居/亲友 遭受了家庭暴力，建议（按优先级排序）： a. 北京市东城区源众家庭与社区发展服务中心 热线电话： 17701242202 （接听时间：工作日9:00-17:00） b. 北京市千千律师事务所（原北京大学法学院妇女法律研究中心） 更多反家暴机构请参考网友整理 全国反家暴机构信息 《中华人民共和国反家庭暴力法》 呼吁：疫情期间，反家暴求助受防疫政策影响，受害者在报警、交通、寻求社会资源上存在困难。加上封控时间长，暴力更加容易发生、升级，受害者处境更为艰难。呼吁政府和社会各力量关注疫情期间的家暴受害者，不要让她们陷入绝望的暴力困境中！ 其他反家暴参考资料： 《反家暴法》实施六周年｜大家的反家暴资源包 by 合欢心理咨询 《疫情期间家暴防护实用手册》 by 手册编写组

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疫情期间家庭暴力防护实用手册

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疫情期间家庭暴力防护实用手册

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提供家庭暴力的科普、预防和求助信息。内附《亲密关系暴力危险性评估量表》，可自我评估并及时寻求帮助。

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离沪流程及上海交通指南（更新至5.8）

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离沪流程及上海交通指南（更新至5.8）

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提供详尽的离沪流程及最新上海交通信息，资源定期更新

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离开上海流程及上海交通指南(2022.5)

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本文包含两部分内容：1，离开上海流程，2，上海交通指南（更新至2022年5月8日）。

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家庭暴力受害人证据收集指引

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家庭暴力受害人证据收集指引

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中华全国妇女联合会发布《家庭暴力受害人证据收集指引》帮助受害人搜集证据，维护自身权益。

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家庭是社会的细胞，是构建和谐社会的基础。然而，家庭暴力的存在，严重损害家庭成员的身心健康，破坏家庭的和谐，成为影响社会稳定的重要因素。2016年3月1日颁布实施的《反家庭暴力法》明确规定了国家禁止任何形式的家庭暴力，公权力应对家庭暴力进行干预，并创设了家庭暴力告诫、人身安全保护令、紧急庇护等重要法律制度。法律实施六年来，为有效预防和制止家庭暴力、保护家庭成员合法权益发挥了重要作用。

然而，在实际生活中，由于家暴受害人缺少保存和收集证明家暴证据的意识，故使许多家暴违法行为没有得到及时有力的处理和追究，以致造成更严重的危害后果。其中很重要的原因是，很多情况下受害人不知道哪些可以作为证据使用，也不知道如何收集证据，更不知道收集的证据有什么用处。为帮助、引导家庭暴力受害人增强意识、提高能力，有效收集和固定家庭暴力证据，全国妇联权益部在总结涉家暴相关案件的经验的基础上，编写了《家庭暴力受害人证据收集指引》，希望为家庭暴力受害人依法维权提供帮助。

2016年3月1日《中华人民共和国反家庭暴力法》正式实施，规定家庭成员之间以殴打、捆绑、残害、限制人身自由以及经常性谩骂、恐吓等方式实施的身体、精神等侵害行为构成家庭暴力。根据《反家庭暴力法》的规定，证据对证明有家庭暴力事实或现实危险具有重要作用。为了帮助受害人树立证据意识，依法维护自己的合法权益，全国妇联权益部组织编写了《家庭暴力受害人证据收集指引》。以下为家庭暴力受害人证据收集中的有关重点提要：

2.村（居）民委员会、妇联组织、反家暴社会组织、双方用人单位等机构的求助接访记录、调解记录等

《反家庭暴力法》第二十三条规定，当事人因遭受家庭暴力或者面临家庭暴力的现实危险，向人民法院申请人身安全保护令的，人民法院应当受理。

如果加害人通过电话、短信、微信、QQ聊天记录、电子邮件等威胁、恐吓的，受害人可以录音、截屏等方式备份保存此类证据，具备条件的，可以通过公证处提取电子证据。

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全国妇联权益部发布《家庭暴力受害人证据收集指引》

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家庭是社会的细胞，是构建和谐社会的基础。然而，家庭暴力的存在，严重损害家庭成员的身心健康，破坏家庭的和谐，成为影响社会稳定的重要因素。2016年3月1日颁布实施的《反家庭暴力法》明确规定了国家禁止任何形式的家庭暴力，公权力应对家庭暴力进行干预，并创设了家庭暴力告诫、人身安全保护令、紧急庇护等重要法律制度。法律实施六年来，为有效预防和制止家庭暴力、保护家庭成员合法权益发挥了重要作用。 ...

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疫情期间居家锻炼安全贴士

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疫情期间居家锻炼安全贴士

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疫情期间有哪些居家锻炼的活动？怎样在锻炼时保证安全？一些实用贴士知道您居家安全锻炼。

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身体活动形式多样，参加体育活动、骑车、步行，以及在办公室或家中的各种活动都算。不必非得是换上装备去健身房锻炼，或去公园、操场等地进行体育活动， 玩耍、跳舞、园艺、打扫房间也都属于身体活动！

比如，不论是居家或是在办公室、学校，大家可能经常久坐。久坐之后可以歇息片刻，做3-5分钟的身体活动（如走动或拉伸活动），有助于舒缓肌肉劳损、缓解我们紧张的精神并改善血液循环和肌肉活动。

进行规律的身体活动也有助于形成习惯，成为我们与家人和朋友保持联系的一种方式。

也可点击图片查看世卫组织往期推送寻求更多灵感：

如果可能的话，可以多爬楼梯，让爬楼梯作为我们坚持身体活动的一种方式。

参加线上锻炼课程，或跟着自己喜欢的音乐动起来，调动我们的主要肌肉群并提高心律。

做一些增强肌肉力量的活动，例如举重或举整瓶水，或利用自己的身体重量，做几组俯卧撑、仰卧起坐和下蹲。

为娱乐活动腾出时间，比如可以随着音乐跳舞。

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疫情期间居家，如何坚持锻炼并保证自己的安全？

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身体活动形式多样，参加体育活动、骑车、步行，以及在办公室或家中的各种活动都算。不必非得是换上装备去健身房锻炼，或去公园、操场等地进行体育活动， 玩耍、跳舞、园艺、打扫房间也都属于身体活动！ 比如，不论是居家或是在办公室、学校，大家可能经常久坐。久坐之后可以歇息片刻，做3-5分钟的身体活动（如走动或拉伸活动），有助于舒缓肌肉劳损、缓解我们紧张的精神并改善血液循环和肌肉活动。 ...

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“新闻坊”同心抗疫服务平台

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“新闻坊”同心抗疫服务平台

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疫情过程中遇到困难需要求助，或者对防控工作有任何意见和建议可在平台提交诉求。《新闻坊》将及时传递信息，并与相关部门协同寻找解决办法。

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关于疫情求助、辟谣、询问，可在平台填写需求。在保护您隐私的前提下，澎湃新闻将努力反馈相关部门解决。

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澎湃新闻战疫服务平台：求助、辟谣、问询

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澎湃，澎湃新闻，澎湃新闻网，新闻与思想，澎湃是植根于中国上海的时政思想类互联网平台，以最活跃的原创新闻与最冷静的思想分析为两翼，是互联网技术创新与新闻价值传承的结合体，致力于问答式新闻与新闻追踪功能的实践。

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新冠肺炎疫情防控家庭消毒指导手册

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新冠肺炎疫情防控家庭消毒指导手册

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规范的清洁消毒是有效阻断病毒传播的重要手段之一。本手册内容涵盖家庭清洁消毒的系列要点和具体操作，帮助家庭掌握科学清洁消毒方法。