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Since historical insotutionalims is refering to the assumption that institutional rules, constraints, and the responses to them over the long term guide the behaviour of political actors during the policy-making proces. (Hall and Taylor, 1996) We'd argue its main contribution is taking into account historical context and long-term trajectories of todays policy making. In terms of explaining the creation of IO's, they would argue that we must understand that such decision is not made in a vacuum but rather is done under the constraints of past decisions and contexts, as-well as the limited time-horizon of political leaders (sometimes trading long-term independence for short-term gains)

Examples:
When looking at the creation, and expansion of the EU we must look at factors such as the growing autonomy of the EC, interest of short-term political leaders, unanticipated consequences, and varying domestic policy preferences.
(Pierson 1996)

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States look at their options, know their goals, calculate the consequences of choosing different options, and then choose the option that gives them the best option

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Decision makers 'satisficing' and 'muddling through' to create sub-optimal but 'good enough' institutions

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Individuals of intl politics could be affected by contextual (historical) domestic politics - leading them into IOs because of these factors rather than completely rational pursuit of state interests in state system? --> a more realistic/human view

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If perfect rationality is the conditions under which decisions to join and create IOs, then it would be the same optimal decision assuming the same set of preferences, regardless of the historical environment.

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Aim to transform the international system into a “world society”, where states “guided by norms of trust and sharing” (Mearsheimer, 2001)

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Aim to transform the international system into a “world society”, where states “guided by norms of trust and sharing” (Mearsheimer, 2001)

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'Sociological institutionalists explore the way in which existing institutions structure the field of vision of those contemplating institutional reform. Thus they focus attention on the processes whereby those developing new institutions 'borrow' from the existing world of institutional template.'

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Decision-making
- historical development of social causation
- past lines of policy encourages society to organise along some lines and reinforces particular identities or ideas

institutional inertia -
it is difficult to change rules in international institutions (unanimity or supermajority),  e.g. in the IMF (85%)
Huge costs from leaving established institutions
--> states stick with "good enough" institutions, will only change rules if institutions are dysfunctional

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Bridges the gap between rationalist instituionalism and sociological institutionalism.  

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Bridges the gap between rationalist instituionalism and sociological institutionalism.  