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The left wing consisted of Communist and Social Democrats. The parties on the left were strong supporters of progressive taxation, government social welfare programs, labour unions, equality and economic opportunity for women. They were less nationalistic, militaristic and anti-Semitic than the parties on the right. They favoured greater government involvement in and control of business and industry, and were to varying degrees anti-religious.

The right wing consisted of Nationalist and National Socialist. The party was unequivocally opposed to the Weimar Republic. They were very conservative and very traditional. They were radical and murdered many of the left-wing politicians due to their believes.

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Extreme Left :

Two left wing parties, with fundamental differences and they wanted to proceed Marxist lines with a one party communist state. The KPD’s opposition to the republic was nothing less than a complete rejection of the Weimar system. The differences between moderate and extreme left were so basic that there was no chance of political co- operations between them.

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Left wing

KPD totally rejected the Weimar system. There was a lot of rebellion from the left wing. KPD also had a reasonable political party. Their actions by the extreme left gave the impression that Germany was facing a “Red threat”. Due to this and the right wing’s propaganda, many people in Germany were starting to fear a revolution.

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The threat from the Extreme Left

The extreme left was consisted of the KPD ,and after the war the left-wing movement at first remained in a state of confusion ,and the KPD pressed for a workers revolution and then the USPD disbanded and its members joined either the SPD or the KPD ,the extreme left planned several revolutions and lost them all to the army ,and the main reasons lie in a combination of their own weaknesses and the effective resistance of the Weimar governments.

The threat from the Extreme right

The extreme right was very different from the left. On the right wing there was a very mixed collection of opponents to the republic. They did not have an organised ideology. It was drawn together by these factors; Anti.Marxism, Authoritarianism, Nationalism, and Racist Nationalism. The extreme right appeared in different forms, including a number of political parties and was also the hand behind the activities of various paramilitary organisations

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Maria, Daniel, Dara and Gustav Right Wing-

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Maria, Daniel, Dara and Gustav Right Wing-

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Threats from the Extreme Right
• Anti democracy – Aimed to destroy democratic constitution
• Anti Marxism – Communist = threat – Russian communism reinforced idea that communism was anti German
• Authoritarianism – favored having a government of strong non- democratic leadership
• Nationalism – “betrayal”
• November criminals wanted to overthrow monarchy and establish a republic

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The extreme left:

-       KPD: Wanted a revolution (like the one in Russia) --> to proceed Marxist lines with a one-party communist state and the major restructuring of Germany both socially and economically.

-       KPD’s opposition to the Republic --> a complete rejection of the Weimer system

-       The extreme left: totally committed to a very different version of German politics and society <-- --> The moderate left: One of the pillars of Weimer democracy

-       The revolutionary left (Despite all the disturbances) --> Never really able to seize political power --> reasons: their own weakness and the effective resistance of the Weimer governments bad co-operation, poor leadership, concessions, repression

The extreme right:

-       Anti-democracy --> The extreme right was united, because they believed democracy contributed to Germany’s problems

-       Anti-Marxism --> The extreme right feared communism, because it was seen as a threat to traditional values, and the ownership of property and wealth.

-       Authoritarianism --> The extreme right favoured having a government of strong non-democratic leadership. Although, in the 1920s, there was no consensus on what kind of strong government and leadership would be established. (So, all they knew was they didn’t want democracy but they didn’t know what they actually did want.)
-       Nationalism:

→ Very important to the extreme right.
→ Reinforced the “stab in the back” myth and ‘November criminals’.
→ November criminals: those who signed for the November armistice (agreement to stop a war) and something people said to criticise those who supported the democratic republic

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Daniel,Gustav, Dara and Maria Left Wing-

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Daniel,Gustav, Dara and Maria Left Wing-

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The communists posed many threats to the Weimar regime in the years to 1929, through uprisings and strikes, most of which came between 1919-23. Between these years 10-15% of the electorate supported the KPD and continuous disturbances gave the impression Germany was facing a “Red Threat” .In addition, left-wing socialists also posed a threat, through their refusal to join coalition governments 1924-28, which weakened the power base of democratic coalitions. The infant Weimar regime faced its first serious threat from the communists shortly after its establishment, through the January 1919 Spartacist rising.