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On May 22nd, the most catastrophic earthquake ever recorded hit southern Chile. It hit at approximately 7:11 pm. The cause? The Nazca plate released tension and descended 15 meters underneath the South American plate. This happened about 100km off the Chilean coast. The earthquake lasted about 10 minutes. It was 20,000 times greater than the Hiroshima bomb.

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.. The earthquake was preceded by four forshocks with magnitudes ranging from 7.0-7.9. These foreshocks were so bad because they sent people out of their houses to talk, making it so much more dangerous for when the main shock hit.

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Although the death toll has never been fully answered it is estimated that the casualties are somewhere between 1,000 and 7,000. About 3000 people were injured. Monetary cost ranged from US$400 million to $800 million(or $3.24 billion to $6.48 billion today, adjusted for inflation). 2 million people were left homeless. Most lives for lost from the Tsunami that followed only moments after the earthquake. The Tsunami rose up to 80 ft high on the Chilean coastline.

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Huge landslides were sent tumbling down mountain slopes. Some of these landslides were so big that they changed the course of major rivers and even created new lakes. Also, the land along the coat of Chile sunk downward. The coastal city of Peurto Mott was flooded with ocean water. But the damage was not limited to Chile. The Tsunamis traveled for thousands of miles across the Pacific Ocean, reaching the shores of Hawaii and the Philippines and even as far as Japan.

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President Jorge Alessandri Rodriguez had been President for two years when the earthquake hit. After the earthquake, the government created the "Minister of Economy, Development and Reconstruction" which was made to fix and repair the south of Chile. It took decades to get back to what it was before.

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The earthquake that rocked Chile revealed something new about the planet- that the world itself can vibrate much like that of a guitar string.
"That's very exciting because it's a new type of information that had not yet been available by all the studies from all the generations of seismological before," said Larry Ruff, a seismologist at the University of Michigan.
They were just learning about Tsunamis. These waves could actually lift the ocean floor, causing water to roll across the Pacific Ocean and crash into other shores. Scientists knew that if they had the right technology they could warn people when s Tsunami was coming. This prompted a new effort to have better, higher quality seismographs located around the world.

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United States and several other countries offered aid to Chile. These countries came together to donate millions of dollars for the losses that Chileans suffered after the earthquake. Fortunately, there was much needed help to those in Chile who had lost so much but it's not always like that. In developing countries where earthquakes hit the worst and with the most damage, it's not easy for first world countries to get out and help. Earthquakes don't kill people. Collapsing buildings do. "If the goal is to save lives, the money could be better spent on nutrition, bed-nets or antibiotics". Delevopled countries are more than willing to donate the money but these countries either aren't always willing to take it or it's going towards the wrong precautions.

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Although significant progress has been made in understanding seismic activity. Preventing cities from earthquakes is still a huge challenge. Devices such as isolation systems and dampers were designed to reduce the vibrations and damage of buildings hit by earthquakes. But unfortunately in developing countries its harder and more expensive to build these or introduce stricter building codes. Other examples of technology are, laser beams that can predict plate movement; the seismometer, which detects vibrations in the earths crust. Chile now has a disaster plan called Chile Prepares which involves actively running evacuation excercises especially in elementary school where they have three a year. The Unjversity of Brighton has developed a vibrating barrier(ViBa). This reduces the vibrations of nearby structures when an earthquake occurs, About 40-80%. The only problem? It would need to be at least half of the mass of the building it protects. It's also costly to build and install.

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(n.d.). Retrieved December 08, 2017, from https://learnodo-newtonic.com/chile-earthquake-1960-facts

Berkeley, U. (n.d.). Seismo Blog. Retrieved December 08, 2017, from http://seismo.berkeley.edu/blog/2015/05/22/today-in-earthquake-history-chile-1960.html

Bichell, R. E. (2016, August 29). When The Biggest Earthquake Ever Recorded Hit Chile, It Rocked The World. Retrieved December 08, 2017, from https://www.npr.org/2016/08/29/490239181/when-the-biggest-earthquake-ever-recorded-hit-chile-it-rocked-the-world

Huge earthquake hits Chile. (n.d.). Retrieved December 08, 2017, from http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/huge-earthquake-hits-chile

Pallardy, R. (2017, June 26). Chile earthquake of 1960. Retrieved December 08, 2017, from https://www.britannica.com/event/Chile-earthquake-of-1960

Society, N. G. (2013, October 29). Valdivia Earthquake Strikes Chile. Retrieved December 08, 2017, from https://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/may22/valdivia-earthquake-strikes-chile/

World's Largest Recorded Earthquake. (n.d.). Retrieved December 08, 2017, from http://geology.com/records/largest-earthquake/