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· Lichens are the primary producer of the tundra.

· They are a symbiotic combination of two organisms, algae, and a fungus.

· Lichens release chemicals that break down rocks to create more soil.

· Caribou are herbivores that eat lichen. They have long thick fur for warmth.

· They migrate during the winter to forest biomes in search of more food.

· Wolves and polar bears eat caribou.

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·Low biodiversity

· Top layer of soil is frozen but thaws in the summer. The soil is very low in minerals and nutrients.

· About 1,700 diverse plant species

· Resilient plants survive by growing in rock depressions

·The growing season lasts about 50-60 days

·About 48 species of animals

·The tundra is one of the three carbon dioxide sinks. As a result of movement to the tundra for oil business and plant’s inability to decompose, global warming is melting the permafrost of the tundra and several feet of tundra are lost yearly.

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·   Earth’s coldest and driest Biome

·   In Aklavik, Canada the average annual temperature is 16 degrees Fahrenheit.

·  The average temperature in the summer is 57 degrees Fahrenheit while the average temperature during the winter is -20 degrees Fahrenheit.

·  Aklavik has about 8.7 inches of rainfall each year. The most rain occurs in the summer.

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·  Located in the Northern Hemisphere within countries such as, Alaska, Canada, Greenland, and Siberia.

·  Covers 3% of Earth’s land surface

· The arctic tundra can be found between latitudes 55 and 70 north. In addition, it can also be found in Antarctica below the latitude 66.33 south.  There is not an exact longitude for the arctic tundra, it extends from the entire top and bottom of the world.