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Time Period: Pre-Colonialism

Years: Before 1607

Major Historical Events: Congress Breaking Treaty with Native Americans (recorded 1871), Vision of the Prophet in Ghost Dance Song, Mention of Sitting Bull Protest 1891, Wounded Knee Battle (1890), and Christopher Columbus genocides (1492).

Major authors: Native American Writing, Sioux, and Arapho.

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Sample Work: “Ghost Dance Songs”

Set: pre-1607
Published: 1840s

Point of view: first Person

Themes: foreshadowing, racism, death, redemption, and freedom.

Connection: Ghost dance songs emphasize the ghost dance movement that was spiritual among American Indians. Ghost dance songs were to instill fear on white colonists pushing them away from their lands. Arapaho writes, “...when at first I liked the whites, / I have no more sympathy with him” (2/24). Over time, they became cruel to them. It emphasized how the whites and natives must be slaughtered and they will have their new world. The Sioux state, “They are coming with the new earth…” (31). After the whites and natives are slaughtered, a new world of desire is coming for them.

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Time Period: Colonialism

Years: 1607-1775

Major Historical Events: Jamestown is established (1607), Revolutionary war (1775),  Boston Tea party (1773),  Boston Massacre (1770), French and Indian War (1774), and The first Great Awakening.

Major Authors: William Bradford, John Winthrop, Anne Bradstreet, and Jonathan Richards.

Citation: Foner, Eric. Give Me Liberty!, 6th ed, 2019.

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Sample work: “Sinners in the hands of the angry god”

Published: 1741

Themes: justice, redemption, danger, sin, and death

Point of View: Second person

Connection: In “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God'', Jonathan Edwards expresses how his nation must surrender to god before they experience fiery hell like The Great Awakening when christans encouraged people to make a personal connection with god. The text states, “.....the devil is waiting for them, hell is gaping for them” (1). Edwards is explaining how turning towards god will prevent burning in hell therefore switching others beliefs like the christians were. Also, “..if God should let you go, you would…plunge into the bottomless gulf” (2). Edwards stating, to have a future without torture you must follow god.

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Time period: Enlightenment

Years: 1776-1820s

Major Historical Events: Declaration of independence(1776), Articles of Confederation(1777), The constitution (1789), and English Bill of Rights(1791).

Major Authors: Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Wheatley, and Elizabeth Staton.

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Sample Work: “Declaration of Independence”

Time Period: Enlightenment

Published: 1776

Themes: Rights, Liberty, Happiness, Equality, and Individuality.

Point of View: First person

Connection: In “The Declaration of Independence”, Thomas Jefferson expressess topics like rights, liberty, and equality. These topics correlate with many historical contracts. Jefferson states, “He [King of Britain] has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.” (2) This correlates to Articles of Confederation because it set a national bank for Americans that claimed independence. He also states “...it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it….”(2) In this text Jefferson talks a lot about the rights of the people as do many other official documents.

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Time period: Romanticism / Dark Gothic Romanticism

Years: 1820s-1860s

Major Historical Event: Missouri Compromise (1820), Indian Removal Act (1830s), and The second great Awakening (1830s).

Major Authors: Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, William Wordsworth, Mary Shelley, ect.

Citation: Somers, Jeffrey. “Romanticism in Literature: Definition and Examples.” last modified December 18th, 2019. https://www.thoughtco.com/romanticism-definition-4777449

Citation: “Timeline of the United States.” Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_history_(1820–1859)

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Sample Work: Scarlet letter

Time Period: Dark Gothic Romanticism

Point of view: Third person

Published: 1850

Set: 1600s

Themes: Alienation, Isolation, Appearance vs Reality, Going against social Norms, and Revenge

Connection:  In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne expresses isolation. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 also shows this. The letter A is described as having “...the effect of a spell, taking her out of the ordinary relations with humanity” (37). Hester was isolated from society like the Native Americans in the Indian Removal Act. Hawthorne states, “The sorrow that lay cold in her mothers heart… ” (Chapter 15). This shows how lonely Hester is and how isolated she was from the rest of society. When Indians were kicked out of society they are isolated and kicked from their homes and felt much like hester.

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Time Period: Transcendentalism

Years: 1840s-1860s

Major Historical Events: Compromise of 1850 (1850), Fugitive Slave Act (1850), Mexican War (1846), and Emancipation Proclamation (1863).

Major Authors: Emily Dickonson, Walt Whitman, Henry David Thoreau, and Ralph Waldo Emerson.

Citation: Foner, Eric. Give Me Liberty!, 6th ed, 2019.

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Time Period: Transcendentalism

Sample Work: “Where I lived and what I lived for”

Published: 1854

Themes: Individuality, survival, nature, perseverance, and freedom.

Point of View: first Person

Connection:  In “Where I lived and what I Lived For,” Henry Thoreau expresses he went to live alone in the woods to discover new ways of life. In Fugitive slave act, slaves that escaped were immediatly returned. “I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately…” (1). This shows Thoreau could do whatever he wanted in life wheares slave could not. He also states, “I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life..” (1). Thorau is saying that he wanted to live life to the fullest where slaves couldnt even live there own life.

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Time period: Slave Narrative

Years: 1820’s-1865

Major Historical Events: British Anti-Slavery activist lobbying british parliment (1730s-1830s), Evangelical religious movements (1830s), 13th amendment (1865), and Civil War (1861-1865)

Major Writers: Frederick Douglas, Equiano, and Sojournor Truth.

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Time Period: Slave Narrative

Sample work: Narrative Life of Frederick Douglas

Published: 1845

Set: 1818

Point of View: 1st person

Themes: Coming of age, Injustice, Truth, Violence, and Ignorance,

Connection: In Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass, ignorance is shown just like in the Indian Removal Act of 1830. During this time we didn’t see Indians as human just like slaves in the novel. Douglas states, “....but that some slave had to take a lash for stealing fruit” (Chapter 2). This shows the harsh punishments for finding food and the hunger of the slaves. Douglass also states, “....and receives upon his….. shoulders more than 30 lashes…” (Chapter 2). This quote shows the reality of being a slave and how you didnt even have to do anything wrong to be punished.

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Time period: Modernism

Years: Roughly 1901-1950

Major Historical Events: World War I (1914-1918), The Great Depression (1929-1939), World War II (1939-1945), and  the Holocaust (1941-1945).

Major authors: F. Scott Fitzgerald, Zora Neale Hurston, Gertrude Stein, Ralph Ellison, Ernest, Hemingway, William Faulkner, etc.

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Sample Work: The Great Gatsby

Time Period: Modernism

Themes: Wealth, Nostalgia, Gossip, ignorance, and love

Published: 1925

Set:1922

Point of view: First person

Connection: Throughout “The Great Gatsby”, F. Scott Fitzgerald highlights the role of wealth, compared to The Great Depression. There was little money and food in society, but money didn't matter to Gatsby. Nick states, “I lived…squeezed between two huge places that rented for twelve or fifteen thousand a season” (7). This highlights financial disparity between characters and during the Great Depression. The novel also states, “‘I thought you inherited your money’...’I lost most of it in the big panic’” (70). Despite losing everything, Gatsby was able to reclaim his money unlike during the Great Depression.