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Organism which transmits a disease or parasite from one animal or plant to another. Carries what it is designed to carry by nature or artificially.

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Technique using echoes of ultrasound pulses to delineate object or areas of different density in body.

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Lab apparatus most commonly used to amplify segments of DNA via the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

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DNA Polymerase enzyme that can withstand high temperatures and is isolated from a bacterium that lives in hot springs.  It is mostly used in PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) to add nucleotides in a growing chain leading from 5' to 3' direction.

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Liquid lying above a solid residue after crystallization, precipitation, or centrifugation.

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A variation in a single base pair in a DNA sequence. This can account for the small variation within populations (as shown below).

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Sex determination before conception by separating spermatozoa carrying Y chromosomes from those carrying X chromosomes.

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Enzyme produced by bacteria which cleaves DNA molecules at/near specific sequence of bases.

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Molecule that serves as a starting material for a polymerization process.

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Screening test used to determine if genetic or chromosomal disorders are present in embryos produced through In Vitro Fertilization.

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Technique used to replicate a fragment of DNA and produce a large amount of that sequence.

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Set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

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Testing every newborn for certain harmful or potentially fatal disorders that aren't otherwise apparent at birth.

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Number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.

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Medical procedure whereby an egg is fertilized by sperm in a test tube or elsewhere outside the body.

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Genetic constitution of an individual organism. This is the opposite of phenotype; the physical characteristics exhibited via the Genotype.

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Haploid (having single set of unpaired chromosomes) set of chromosomes in gamete or microorganism (or cell); this is an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes.

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Sequencing of human DNA to discover genetic differences, anomalies, or mutations, that may prove pathological.

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Giving of advice to prospective parents concerning chances of genetic disorders in a future child.

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Transplantation of normal genes in to cells in place of missing or defective ones (in order to correct genetic disorders).

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A region of DNA which is made of nucleotides and used as a unit of heredity.

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Alteration of a protein shape through some form of external stress.

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To produce similar populations of genetically identical individuals.

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Prenatal diagnosis to determine chromosomal/genetic disorders in the fetus.

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Genetic testing that is used to determine if a person is a carrier for a specific autosomal recessive disease (two copies of an abnormal gene must be present for the disease to be there).

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To heat something or allow it to cool slowly.

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A medical procedure used in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections.