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What politically caused  Nationalism? What were the immediate effects of the development of Nationalism around the World? Give one example of Nationalism outside of the United States

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Ethic Nationalism was based on ethnicity; this defines the nation by its heritage (language, faith, and ancestry)
Civic Nationalism was based on common beliefs and ideas. (Also known as liberal nationalism); identifies with political philosophies dealing with freedoms, equality, and rights.

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How did nationalism develop during the French Revolution?
Of a handful of modern ideologies, one of the most monumental events in human history, the French Revolution, generated one: nationalism. Nationalism is the devotion to the interest or culture of a particular nation. Although in its extreme form it could go as far as some radical measures such as ethnic cleansing, the patriotic feeling that nationalism brings about has been a major momentum that binds a nation together.

Prior the the French Revolution, France was divided by various regions and religions. The only thing that could possibly link the nation together was the belief that everyone was supposed to serve the king. However, by the end of the eighteenth century, there appeared to be a sense of membership among the French people. Some of them no longer saw themselves as "subject" to serve the king, instead, they began seeing themselves as "citizens" who serve their own nation proudly. This sense of belonging can be said to have been the instigation of nationalism.

In the prerevolutionary society, the old regime, everyone belonged to one of three estates. The third estate represented everyone except for the aristocracy and the clergy, namely the middle class and the peasants. On June 17th, 1789, the third estate declared itself "National Assembly" where it was insisted that deputies of all three orders should sit as a single house and vote as individuals instead of one vote per house. The unicameral self-entitled National Assembly was meant to remove the division and marginalization of the govenment caused by the separation of constituency and to represent the nation as a whole.
As the state became more secular, there was a large demand for uncompromising loyalty to the state in order to keep the spirit of the revolution alive.After the capture of Bastille, national guard was established in Paris and other cities to keep order. For insignia of the guard the commander combined the colors of the city of Paris, red and blue, with the white of the house of Bourbon. The French tricolor thus became the emblem of the Revolution, which is also the contemporary French national flag.
On August 26, 1789, the National Assembly issued "Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen", one of the most significant, if not the most significant, documentations ever. It was meant to affirm the principles of the new state and applied to all human being, it recognized equal individual citizenship, and collective sovereignty of the people.

The French nationalism was at its height when the French army was at war with other European states in the 1790s. It was a national army, representing a people in arms, commanded by officers who had been promoted rapidly on grounds of merit, and composed of troops who felt themselves to be citizens fighting for their own cause. Its intense political-mindedness made it the more formidable and contrasted strongly with the indifference of the opposing troops, some of whom are in fact serfs and none of whom had any sense of membership in their own political systems.

There are two kinds of nationalisms, ethnic and civic. Ethnic nationalism is based on ethnicity whereas civic is based on a common belief and ideas. The nationalism that was generated and developed in France during the French Revolution was civic. Over the centuries, the monarchies have achieved political unity of France. In the wake of the Enlightenment, people began to take pride in serving the country rather than the king believed in equality. The Rights Of Man, published in 1791 to defend the French Revolution had become a motto or watchword for potentially revolutionary ideas well before 1789. "Man" in this sense was meant to apply abstractly, regardless of nationality, race, or sex. French ideas were are at the forefront of Europe and the world at large, at some point, the French Revolution almost seemed inevitable as more and more French people began to believe in nationalism.

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How did nationalism develop during the French Revolution? Of a handful of modern ideologies, one of the most monumental events in human history, the French Revolution, generated one: nationalism. Nationalism is the devotion to the interest or culture of a particular nation.

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Was at its Height in the 1790's while the French was at war with European States.
Brought a patriotic feeling which bound the nation together.

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French nationalism evolved into one branch becoming more ethnocentric and anti-Semitic. In the interwar period, nationalism adopted fascist and anti-communist elements and came to resemble some of the nationalist ideologies of Spain, Italy and Germany.

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Professor of International Studies, Government & Asian Studies at Cornell University
Born 1936
Died 2015
Wrote "Imagined Communities"
in 1983

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Italian politician that wanted to unify Italy through nationalism.

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The national liberation struggle was a struggle against older autocratic regimes, and nationalism was allied with liberal anti-monarchical movements.

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British Historian
Born 1917
Died 2012
Wrote "Nations and Nationalism Since 1780: The Programme, Myth, Reality" in 1990

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Specific examples of nationalism are often diverse, the issues are emotional, and the conflicts are bloody.

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The starting point of nationalism is the existence of nations, which it takes as a given. Nations are typically seen as entities with a long history: most nationalists do not believe a nation can be created artificially. Nationalist movements see themselves as the representative of an existing, centuries-old nation.

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Joseph Mazzini -- An Essay On the Duties of Man Addressed to Workingmen

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The Nationalism Project: Eric Hobsbawm on nations and nationalism

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NOTE: Eric Hobsbawm is one of the best known historians of the Twentieth Century. In addition to many books on a variety of topics, Hobsbawm has written two important texts dealing with the subject of nationalism. These include: Nations and Nationalism Since 1780 and The Invention of Tradition.

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The Nationalism Project: Benedict Anderson's definition of "nation."

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NOTE: Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism first appeared in 1983. Since that time it has become one of the standard texts on the topic of nations and nationalism. The following definition is one of the most commonly used by scholars in the field.

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Liberal nationalism, rising middle class and the new proletariat

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Europe in the 1800's
-The development of nationalism was a result of the French Revolution
-Jean- Jacques Rousseau started the ideas of popular sovereignty in France , he believed in people being civilians of one nation
-Napoleons Armies spread nationalism through Europe
-France was at its Height in the 1790's while the French was at war with European States.
-Nationalism brought a patriotic feeling which bound the nation together.

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Each nationality should form a state and the state should include all members of that nationality , such as a nation-state or city-state.

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The American and French Revolutions may be the first real powerful manifestation

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A sense of national consciousness to one nation above all others and puts emphasis on culture and interests.