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Difference between HIV and Aids
HIV : human immunodeficiency virus
Aids: Acquired Immune Deficiency syndrome  (last stage of HIV)

CD4 T-cells fight infections = good cells
Infection lives in the blood
CD4 rises while on medication and lowered with virus

Canada
- 75 500 people living with HIV, 9.7 % increase from 2011
- 21% people living with HIV are unaware they have it

Ontario
- 27 420 people living with HIV/AIDS in 2009
- 843 new cases in 2012

Ottawa
- 3155 people living with HIV as of 2010
- Approximately 160 people were diagnosed in 2010

Who are the most affected?
- men who have sex with men
- people who use drugs
- member of African/black women
- members of aboriginal communities

4 Principles of HIV Transmission
1. Source of infection
2. There needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present
3. At least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present
4. Needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV - negative party's mucus membrane or blood stream

Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission!

Five Fluids that contain a sufficent amount of HIV to transmit the vrius
1. Blood
2. Semen/Cum
3. Vaginal fluids
4. Breast Milk
5. Anal fluids

Vertical Transmission
- when HIV passes to a fetus or baby from HIV
- no treatment is taken during pregnancy is 20%-30% of transmission to child

What are the chances - managing risk
- risk is natural
- coping with the fact
- change is a process or journey marked by numerous stages and people change at their own pace
- All people are entitled to accurate and practical info and support

What will affect likelihood of transmission
-how often you do something or for how long will affect chances of transmission
- Other physical factors chances of transmission, like presence of other STIS and certain health conditions

High Risk of HIV Transmission
- unprotected sex
- sharing injection drug equipment
- sharing sex toys

Low risk of HIV
- Oral sex without a barrier
- condums
- injection of unused needles

No Risk
-hugging
- kissing
- touching
- talking
- sneezing

Testing
- 25%-30% of people living with HIV are unaware in North America
- window period - 3 weeks is the time you displays the active virus from the time your exposed to virus
- tests include - standard vs rapid, norminal vs anonymous
-No cure for HIV
- 2005 - expanding awareness that not just men who have sex with men get Aids and HIV
- Treatment as prevention
- They are criminalized if they do not disclose to sexual partner

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In Ottawa:

-          3,155 people living with HIV as of 2010

-          Approximately 160 people were diagnosed in 2010

-          Ottawa has the heights prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories: IDU and people from HIV-endemic countries.

Communities disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS in Canada:

-          Men who have sex with men

-          People who use drugs

-          Members of the African/Caribbean/black communities

-          Members of Aboriginal communities ( Frist nations, Inuit, Metis, and other indigenous communities in North America)

Social determinants of health

Physical environments:

E.g. air and water quality, having a community design transportation networks noise

Social environments:

E.g. education, family structures, discrimination, heaths services, crime, and violence

Four principles of HIV transmissions

1)      Source: there needs to be a source of infection

2)      Numbers: there needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present.

3)      Transportation: at least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present

4)      Contact: there needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and HIV- negative party’s mucous membrane or blood stream?

Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission

Five fluids that contain a sufficient amount of HIV to transmit the virus?

-          Blood

-          Semen/cum (and pre-cum)

-          Vaginal fluids

-          Anal fluids

When HIV passes to fetus or baby from an HIV+ mother

Studies show that if no treatment is taken during pregnancy, there is between 20-30% chances of HIV transmission from the mother to the child

What is the chance? Managing risk

-          Risk is a natural and universal part of all our lives, and managing risks is just as natural

-          People are coping with this fact the best they know how- individuals do what they do because at some level it “works” for them

-          Change is a “process” or a journey marked by numerous stages, and people change at their own pace.

-          All people are entitled to accurate and practical information and support.

What will affect the likelihood of transmission?

-          Some factors like how you often dos something or for how long will affect chances of transmission

-          Other physical factors can affect chances of transmission, like presence of other STIs and certain health conditions

High Risk of HIV transmission:

-          Condomless vaginal or anal sex

-          Sharing injection drug equipment

-          Sharing unprotected penetrative sex toys

Low-risk transmissions:

-          Oral sex without barrier

-          Vaginal or anal sex with condom (only due to condom failure or impaired use

-          Injecting personal

Theoretical risk of HIV transmission

Potential with no confirmed reports of infection

-          Performing oral sex with a barrier

-          Receive oral sex with no barrier

-          Fingering

-          Tattooing or piercing with shared equipment

-          Fighting

Testing

-          Approx. 25-30% of people living with HIV in North America are unaware they are HIV positive

-          Symptoms of HIV seroconversion

-          What’s a “window period” and why is it important

-          Different types of tests: standard vs rapid, nominal vs. Anonymous

-          HIV’s a reportable illness that's that?

-          What are some barriers to getting tested?

ü  Not knowing where to get tested

ü  Stigma

ü  Not wanting to accept it can be true ( ignorance)

ü  Language

History of HIV and AIDS

1985

-          Very little known about AIDS, including how it was transmitted

1995

-          Relationship between HIV and AIDS discovered

-          Life-saving improvements to treatment

-          AIDs diagnosis beginning to fall by still leading cause of death 19-24 years old in the USA

2005

-          Shift in public and political focuses to Africa and other parts of the developing word

-          Expanding awareness HIV impact on communities beyond just gay community

-          the impact of impaired treatments on prevention efforts

2017

-          HIV and aging

-          Treatment as prevention

-          Criminalization of HIV non-disclosure

Stigma

v  Internalized stigma

v  Perceived stigma

v  Enacted stigma

v  Institutional or structural stigma

v  Compounded or layered stigma

v  Intersecting Stigmas

HIV in the new

Criminalization in BAD for the public health because:

-          Discouraging testing

-          Not everyone can achieve a low viral load

-          Not everyone can negotiate condom use

-          Discourage everyone from taking responsibility for their sexual health

-          In October 2012 the supreme court of Canada ruled that HIV-positive person was not required to disclose their status to a sexual partner only if the following two conditions were met: a condom was used and the person had low or undecidable viral load. Canada has become ‘leader’ in HIV criminalization around the world, having now prosecuted and changed over 140 people.

Lydia Aliouat

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Sophie Marceau -AIDS Committee Ottawa (ACO) notes

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Sophie Marceau -AIDS Committee Ottawa (ACO) notes

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The Difference between HIV and AIDS

HIV: Human Immuno- Deficiency Virus

AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

AIDS happens when HIV is left untreated in the body.

In Canada, at the end of 2014

75,500 people are living with HIV, a 9.7% increase from 2011.

2,570 new HIV cases were reported in 2014

It is estimated that 21% of people living with HIV are unaware of their status.

In Ontario:

Estimated that 27,420 people living with HIV in 2009

In Ottawa

3,155 people living with HIV as of 2010

approximately 160 people were diagnosed in 2010

Ottawa has the highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories: IDU and people from HIV- endemic countries.

Communities disproportionately affected by HIV/ AIDS in Canada:

Men who have sex with men

People who use drugs

Members of the black communities

Members of aboriginal communities

Social determinants of health

Physical environments (housing community)

Social environments

Economic environment (income, wealth employment)

Lifestyle and behaviours

Four principles of HIV

Source: there needs to be a source of infection

Numbers: there need to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present

Transportation: at least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present

Contact: there needs to be contact between that bodily that fluid and the HIV negative party’s mucus membrane or blood stream

Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission!

Five bodily fluids that contain a sufficient amount of HIV to transmit the virus:

Blood

Breast milk

Vaginal fluids

Semen

Anal fluids

Vertical transmission:

When hiv passes to a fetus or baby from an hic mother

Studies show that if not treatment is taken during pregnancy, there is between 20-30 per cent chance of hiv transmission

Today with proper care, the risk of a baby becoming infected is less than 1%

Hiv can be spread in the womb, amniotic fluid, placenta, during birth, breast feeding

Managing risk:

Risk is natural and universal part of all our lives and managing risks I just as natural

People are coping with this fact the best they how; individuals do what they do because at some level it works for them

Change is a process or journey marked by numerous stages, and people change at their own pace

All people are entitles to accurate and practical information and support.

What will affect the likelihood of transmission?

Some factors like how often you do something for how long will affect chances of transmission

Other physical factors can affect chances of transmission like presence of other STI’s and certain health conditions

High risk of HIV transmission:

Condomless vaginal or anal sex

Sharing injection drug equipment

Sharing unprotected penetrative toys

Low risk of HIV transmission:

Oral sex without a barrier

Vaginal or anal sex with a condom (only due to misuse/breakage of condom)

Injecting with clean needles

Potential with no confirm reports of infection:

Performing oral sex with a barrier

Receiving oral sec with no barrier

Fingering

Tattooing or piercing with shared equipment

Fighting

Why does this category exist?

Stigma

No risk of HIV transmission

Sneezing

Hugging

Kissing

Touching

Talking

Ejaculation on broken skin

Urine, feces

Testing

Approx. 25-30 of people living with hiv in north America are unaware that they are hiv positive

Symptoms of hiv are seroconversion

What’s a window period and why is it important?

Different types of tests: standard vs. rapid, nominal vs. anonymous

Hiv is a reportable illness – what’s that?

What are some barriers to getting tested? – Not knowing where to get tested, stigma, fear, no cure

History

1985
Very little known about HIV
Stigma arouse

1995
Relations with HIV and AIDS discovered
Life saving improvements to treatment

2005
Shift to developing parts of the world
HIV is beyond the gay community
Impacts of improved treatment and prevention efforts

HIV and Now
HIV and aging
Treatment as Prevention
Criminalization of HIV non-disclosure

In October 2012, the supreme court of Canada ruled that an HIV positive person was not require to disclose their status to a sexual partner only if the following two conditions were met: a condom was used and the person had a low or undetectable viral load. Canada has become a “leader” in hiv criminalization around the world, having now a prosecuted and charged over 140 people.

Criminalization is BAD for the public health because:

Discourages testing

Not everyone can achieve a low viral load

Not everyone can negotiate condom use

Discourages everyone from taking responsibility for their sexual health

# data[].attributes.body
What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?

HIV=Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus
AIDS=Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
AIDS occurs when HIV is left untreated in the body.

Who is affected?

Men who have sex with men, individuals who use drugs, members of Black Caribbean, Aftican communities, Aboriginal communities

4 principles of HIV transmission:

SOURCE: needs to be a source of infection
NUMBERS: must be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus must be present
TRANSPORTATION: 1 of 5 bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present
CONTACT: must be contact between bodily fluid and HIV-party mucus membrane or blood stream
*Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission*

5 Bodily Fluids

Blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk & anal fluids.

In Canada, at the end of 2014:  75,500 people are living with HIV, a 9.7% increase from 2011. 2,570 new HIV cases were reported in 2014

It is estimated that 21% of people living with HIV are unaware of their status.

In Ottawa: 3,155 people living with HIV as of 2010

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Biological

HIV – human immune deficiency Virus

AIDS - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV Positive if left untreated for a long time)

Mucous Membranes > high in T-Cells (CD4), CD4 cells = good cells, count = # of cells in blood

Viral load = Amount of virus in blood. High virus = low CD4. Antiretroviral: medication

Fluids: Blood, semen, breast milk, vaginal fluids, anal fluids

Statistics

Canada - 75, 500 people living with HIV, 21% of people live with HIV and don’t know

Ontario – 27,420 cases   Ottawa 3, 155: Highest rate of exposure categories: IDU and people from HIV endemic countries

2005 – Impacts improved treatment on prevention efforts

2017 – HIV and Aging, treatment as Prevention (virus mutates thus forcing person to changes medication (16 kinds), Criminalization of HIV non – disclosure

Communities: men that have sex with men, drug users, members of ACB comms, Aboriginal communities, children born with it, elderly (in nursing/residential),

Info

Social justice aspect, reducing stigma. Review as fear.

4 Principles:

| 1. Source – of Infection    | 2. Numbers – Sufficient quantity of HIV Virus
| 3. Transportation – At least 5 bodily fluids that HIV must be present   | 4. Contact -  between bodily fluid and HIV negative party’s mucus membrane or blood stream

Vertical Transmission: 20-30% chance of passing it on from mother to child (not if on medications)

Managing risks: People are coping with this fact the best they know how, change is a process, all people are entitled to accurate information and support.

Likelihood of transmission: Presence of other STI’s and certain health conditions, how often and how long you do something. High Risk: no condoms, sharing needles, sharing unprotected sex toys. Low Risk: Oral sex with barrier, vaginal or anal sex with condom, sterilized needles.

Myths: Performing oral sex with or without barrier, fingering, tattooing, piercing, fighting

Symptoms of seroconversion: Like a cold or flu (actually HIV symptoms)

Window period: time of exposure to when seroconversion occurs (3 weeks)

Tests: Standard – Blood draw (3 weeks), Rapid – Pin Prick (1.5 hours, with 30 min counseling session)

Stigma: Historical, education, fear, back round knowledge and teachings

Being Sex Positive: Reduces phobias, increases awareness, reduces harm

Harm reduction: aco-cso.ca                      - The Tool Shed (Harm Reduction)

- Drug checking kit – tells your what type of drug it is.

- SPOT – Safer party for every teen

The first person to report is the person who is not accused of anything

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Stigma and HIV:
Intersecting Stigmas
Compound and Layered Stigma
institutional or structural Stigma
Enacted Stigma
Perceived Stigma
Internalized Stigma

What's the similarities about HIV and Stigma?
H/A stigma is cited as a major barrier to accessing prevention, care, and treatment services. Stigma is related to discrimination and can lead to it.
HIV-related stigma and discrimination refers to prejudice, negative attitudes and abuse directed at people living with HIV and AIDS. In 35% of countries with available data, over 50% of men and women report having discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV.

-Tashnia

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HIV: Human Immuno Deficiency Virus.
AIDs: Acquired Immune Deficiency Virus.

Stats:
-Canada 2014. 75,500 people are living with HIV 9.7%.
-HIV cases were reported in 2014, estimated 21% people living with HIV are unaware of their status.
-Ottawa 3155 people living with HIV 2010. Approximately 160 people were diagnosed.

Community disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS in Canada:
- Men who have sex with men
- People who use drugs
- Members of Aboriginal communities

Four principles of HIV transmission:

1- Source: of infection
2- Numbers: of the quantity of the HIV virus present
3- Transportation: at least of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present
4- Contact: between bodily fluids and the HIV negative party's mucus membrane or blood stream

5 bodily fluids:

Blood, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk and anal fluids.

High risk of HIV Transmission:

Condomless vaginal or anal sex, sharing injection drug.

Low risk of HIV Transmission:

Oral sex without barrier, using condom

Theoretical risk of HIV Transmission:

Potential with no confirmed report of infection:
- Performing oral sex with barrier
- Fingering
- Receiving oral sex with barrier
No risk hugging, kissing, touching
Symptoms of HIV ( bad cold, tired, also its hard to tell the difference from a flu.

Layali Zafiri

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Presentation Aids Committee Ottawa-
HIV 101-

Difference between HIV & Aids-
HIV Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus
Aids-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Key Terms-
-Mucous Membranes
-CD4/T Cells
-CD4 Count- White Blood cell count
-Viral Load- Amount of Virus in the Blood

WHO IS AFFECTED BY HIV?
End of 2014
75,550 9.7% increase since the end of 2011
2,570 new cases of HIV case were reported in 2014
It is estimated that 21% of people living with HIV are unaware of their status.

In Ontario 27,420 people are living with HIV in 2009
843 new cases in 2011
In Ottawa 3,155 people living with HIV as 2010
Approximately 160 people were diagnosed in 2010
Ottawa has the highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories.  IDU and people from HIV endemic. Countries

Groups ( Pontential higher risk.)

-          Men who have sex with men

-          People who use drugs

-          Members of the African/ Caribbean/ Black Communities

-          Members of Aboriginal communities ( First Nations, Inuit, Metis, and other Indigenous communities of North America

From the class. Aging population (Elderly) and People born with HIV.

Social Determinants of Health- the Kinds of things you need to survive. Determines outcomes of her life.

-Physical

- Social

1)      Source: There needs to be a source of Infection

2)      Numbers: There needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present.

3)      Transportation: At least one of the of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present

4)      Contact: There needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV-negative party’s mucus membrane or blood stream.

Five Fluids

·         Blood

·         Vaginal Fluids

·         Semen

·         Breast Milk

·         Anal Fluids

When HIV passes to fetus or baby from an HIV+ mother.
Studies show that if no treatment is taken during pregnancy. There is between 20-30% chances

When you meet with a person you have no idea what they are dealing with. We are all coping with our lives. Change is a process. We don’t know. They come the best way they know how. Everyone is entitled to information. Other physical factors can affect the likelihood of transmission.

High Risks of HIV Transmission
Condomless sex
Sharing injection drug equipment
Sharing sex toys.

Low risk-
Performing oral sex without a barrier.

No risk
Kissing
Hugging
Feces, urine
Touching
Ejaculation on unbroken skin.

Symptoms of HIV seroconversion- Time of exposure to when the antibodies starts working- for testing now is 3 weeks. Rapid test is very helpful.

Barriers- Stigma, Finding places to get tested.

Someone who is aware of their HIV has to disclose to their sexual partner in Canada.

Stigma affects.

-Janelle Perras

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The Difference between HIV and AIDS

HIV: Human Immuno- Deficiency Virus

AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

AIDS happens when HIV is left untreated in the body.

In Canada, at the end of 2014

1.    75,500 people are living with HIV, a 9.7% increase from 2011.

2.    2,570 new HIV cases were reported in 2014

3.    It is estimated that 21% of people living with HIV are unaware of their status.

In Ontario:

1.    Estimated that 27,420 people living with HIV in 2009

In Ottawa

1.    3,155 people living with HIV as of 2010

2.    approximately 160 people were diagnosed in 2010

3.    Ottawa has the highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories: IDU and people from HIV- endemic countries.

Communities disproportionately affected by HIV/ AIDS in Canada:

1.    Men who have sex with men

2.    People who use drugs

3.    Members of the black communities

4.    Members of aboriginal communities

Social determinants of health

1.    Physical environments (housing community)

2.    Social environments

3.    Economic environment (income, wealth employment)

4.    Lifestyle and behaviours

Four principles of HIV transmission

1) Source: there needs to be a source of infection

2) Numbers: there needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present

3) Transportation: At least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present

4) Contact: there needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV-negative party’s mucus membrane or blood stream.

Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission!

Five fluids that contain a sufficient amount of HIV to transmit the virus

1.    Blood

2.    Semen

3.    Vaginal fluid

4.    Breastmilk

5.    Anal fluids

Testing:

Approximately 25-30% of people living with HIV in north America are unware that they are HIV positive.

Different types of tests: Standard vs. Rapid, normal vs. anonymous

HIV is a reportable illness

Cayla Pester

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Communities disproporitionately affected by HIV/ AIDS in Canada
- men who have sex with men
- people who use drugs,
- Members of African/ Caribbean/ Black Communities
- Aboriginal communities
Peoples missing from this
- people born with HIV
- Elderly individuals
-

# data[].attributes.body
In Ottawa, 3155 people are living with HIV as of 2010
Ottawa has the highest prevalence of people living with HIV and that is the data that has been collected so far. Individuals affected by this are the African/ Caribbean/ Black Communities. The Aboriginal community and homosexual men also are among the community who are affected. On the bright side, HIV is treatable but not curable. Individuals can still live a normal life with treatment.

Four Principals of HIV transmission

·         A source of infection needs to be present

·         Numbers, needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus

·         Transportation: at least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV and must be present

·         Contact: There needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV negative party’s mucous membrane or blood stream

·         Exposure is not automatic!

Five bodily fluids that contain sufficient amount of HIV to transmit the virus

·         anal

·         Breast milk

·         Semen/cum (pre cum)

·         Blood

Vertical transmission

·         When HIV passes to the fetus or baby from HIV+ mother

·         Studies show that if no treatment is taken during the pregnancy, there is between 20-30% chances of living

What are the chances

·         Risk is natural and universal part of the lives, and managing risks is just a natural

·         People are coping the best to their abilities, that works for them

·         Change is a process or journey marked by numerous stages, and people change at their own pace

·         All people are entitled to accurate and practical information and support

What will affect the likelihood of transmission

·         Some factors like how often you do something or for how long will affect chances of transmission

·         Other physical factors can affect chances of transmission like presence of other STI and certain health conditions

High Risk of HIV transmission

·         Condomless sex

·         Sharing injection drug equipment

·         Sharing sex toys

Low risk of HIV transmission

·         Oral sex without a barrier

·         Vaginal or anal sex with a condom

·         Injection with clean needles

Theoretical risk of HIV

Potential with no confirmed reports

·         Performing oral sex with a barrier

·         Receiving oral sex with no barrier

·         Fingering

·         Tattooing or piercing with shared equipment

·         Fighting

No risk

·         Hugging

·         Kissing

·         Touching

·         Sneezing

Testing

·         Approximately 25-30% of people living with HIV in North American are unaware that they are HIV positive

·         Symptoms of HIV seroconversion

·         “window period”- the time of exposure to when your body produces antibodies

·         Different kind of tests- standard versus rapid, normal vs anonymous

·         HIV reportable illness- (WHO- World Health Organization)

·         Some barriers to getting tested- where to go…. fear, ignorance, language

Treatment

·         There is no cure

·         History of HIV:  1985: very little known

·         1995- relationship between HIV and Aids was discovered

·         Life saving improvements

·         Diagnosis begin to fall

·         By 2005- shift in public ad political focus to Africa and other parts of developing worlds

·         Expanding awareness of HIV impact on communities beyond just the gay community

·         HIV now- HIV and aging, treatment as prevention, criminalization of HIV non disclosure

Stigma

·         Internalized

·         Perceived stigma

·         Enacted stigma

·         Institutional or structural stigma- refers people as “those people”

·         Compounded or layered stigma- women in the sex trade……

·         Intersecting stigma

HIV in the news

·         October 12, 2012: The Supreme Court of Canada ruled that HIV positive person was not required to disclose their status to a sexual partner only if two following conditions were met 1) a condom was used 2) person has a low undetectable viral load.

Criminalization is BAD for the public health because:

·         Discourages testing

·         Not everyone can achieve a low viral

·         Not everyone can negotiate condom use

Discourages everyone from taking responsibility for their sexual health

# data[].attributes.body
HIV: Human immunio-Deficiency Virus, blood Borne

# data[].attributes.body
Difference between HIV and AIDS
- HIV is the virus (Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus) a blood born disease that affects everyone
- AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is the full blown disease that affects the immune system

- CD4/T Cells: good cells that fight off infections
- CD4 Count: amount of cells in blood
Viral Load: amount of virus in blood.
*** Supressing the viral load increases the chance of CD4/T cells to fight the virus

Canada 2014 - 75,500 people are living with HIV, 9.7% increase from 2011. 2570 new HIV cases were reported in 2014. Estimated 21% people living with HIV are unaware of their status.

ON estimated 27420 people living with HIV

Ottawa 3155 people living with HIV 2010. Approximately 160 people were diagnosed. Highest prevalence rates in province for exposure categories: IDU and people from HIV-identical countries.

Community disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS in Canada
- Men who have sex with men
- people who use drugs
- Members of the African/Caribbean/Black communities
- Members of Aboriginal communities (First Nations, Inuit, etc)

Social Determinants of Health
-Where you're born, how you live, where you work, social supports, mental health,  child care, etc.

4 Principles of HIV Transmission
- Source: there needs to be a source of infection (human being)
- Numbers: There needs to be a sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present
- Transportation: at least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present
- Contact: there needs to be a contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV-negative party''s mucus membrane or blood stream
***** Exposure to HIV is not automatic

When HIV passes to a fetus or a baby from an HIV+ mother
Studies show that if no treatment is taken during pregnancy, there is between 20-30% chance of HIV transmission from the mother to child
Today with proper care, the risk of a baby becoming infected is less than 1%

Managing Risk
- Risk is a natural and universal part of all our lives, and managing risks is just as natural
- People who are coping with this fact the best they know how individuals do what they do because at some level is "works" for them.
- Change is a "process" marked by numerous stages, and people change at their own pace
- All people are entitled to accurate and practical information and support

Testing
- 25-30% of people living with HIV in North America are unaware that they are HIV+
- Symptoms of HIV seroconversion
- What's a "window periods" and why is it important (time of exposure to when body produces HIV antibodies)
- Different types of tests: Standard vs. Rapid, Nominal vs. Anonymous
- HIV's a report-able illness (government needs to know who has the illness to try and regulate the illness)

1985
- very little known about HIV
- stigma arouse

1995
- relations with HIV and AIDS discovered
- life saving improvements to treatment

2005
- Shift to developing parts of the world
- HIV is beyond the gay community
- impacts of improved treatment and prevention efforts

HIV and Now
- HIV and aging
- Treatment as Prevention
- Criminalization of HIV non-disclosure

# data[].attributes.body
HIV and aids difference
HIV : is the Human Immuno- Deficiency Virus
AIDs: acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Key terms:

Mucous membranes

CD4/ t- Cells

CD4 Count – amount of cells in the blood

Viral Load – amount of virus in the blood.

In Canada, at the end of 2014:
75, 500 people are living with HIV, a 9.7% increase from 2011.
2, 570 new HIV cases were reported in 2014
It is estimated that 21% of people of living with HIV are unaware of their status.

In Ottawa:
there are 3, 155 people living with HIV as of 2010.
Approximately 160 people were diagnosed in 2010.
Ottawa has the highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories: IDU and people from HIV-endemic countries.

We can only get the numbers from people who tell health care proffessionals and other that they have it.

Communities disproportionately affected by HIV/ Aids in Canada:

Men who have sex with men
People who use drugs
Members of the African/ Caribbean/ black communities
Members of aboriginal communities
(Metis and other indigenous communities of north America Inuit and first nations)

Four principles of HIV Transmission:

1) Source: There needs to be a source of the infection a human.

2) Numbers: there needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV Virus present.

3) Transportation: At least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present.

4) Contact: there needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and HIV-negative party’s mucus membrane or blood stream.

Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission!
What are the chances?

Managing risk

-Risk is a natural and universal part of all our lives, and managing risks is just as natural.

-People are coping with the fact the best they know how- individuals do what they do because at some level it “works” for them.

-Change is a “Process” or journey marked by numerous stages and people change at their own pace.

-All people are entitled to accurate and practical information and support.

What will affect the likelihood of transmission?

-Some factors like how often you do something or for how long will affect chances of transmission

-Other physical factors can affect chances of transmission, like presence of other STI’s and certain health conditions.

- Gillian McDonald

# data[].attributes.body
Dina Koury

# data[].attributes.headline
HIV- virus that is in human, AIDS happens when HIV remains untreated and it is the last stage. Mucous membrane: entry point of the cell. CD4: fight the infection.CD4 count: amount of CD4 Viral Load : amount of virus in blood. 

# data[].attributes.subject
HIV- virus that is in human, AIDS happens when HIV remains untreated and it is the last stage. Mucous membrane: entry point of the cell. CD4: fight the infection.CD4 count: amount of CD4 Viral Load : amount of virus in blood. 

# data[].attributes.body
3155 people living with HIV as 2010.
principle:
source, number, transportation, contact.
5 fluid:
breast milk? blood, semen, vaginal and anal fluid,
sudesh gurung

# data[].attributes.body
21% of people living with HIV are unaware
2,570 cases reported in 2014, 9.7% increase from 2011
27,420 in Ontario (2009)
3,155 Ottawa (2010 HIV carrier)
Communities effected in Canada: men who have sex with men, drug users, African/ Caribbean/ Black, Aboriginal Communities (first nations, inuit, metis).
Social determinants of health: economic environment, lifestyle & behaviour, social environment, physical environment.
Four principals of HIV transmission:
1. Source of infection
2. Numbers: sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present
3. Transportation: one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present
4. Contact: contact between bodily fluid and HIV negative party mucus membrane or blood stream
Exposure is NOT automatic transmission.
Five bodily fluids:
1. Blood
2. Semen
3. Vaginal fluids
4. Breast Milk
5. Anal fluids
HIV passes to fetus from HIV+ mother
no treatment during pregnancy = 20-30% of HIV transmission
baby becoming infected less than 1% today
HIV spreading in the womb - breast feeding being most likely cause

# data[].attributes.body
Canada - end of 2014 75500 people live with hiv
2570 cases reported in 2014, 843 new cases in 2012
Hiv is a human disease, 21 percent a are not aware of their status
Ottawa has the highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories

People affected:
Men who have sex with men
Individuals who use drugs
Members of black Caribbean, African communities
Aboriginal communities

4 principles of hiv transmission:
Source- needs to be a source of infection
Numbers- must be sufficient quantity of of the hiv virus present
Transportation- 1 of 5 bodily fluids that contain hiv must ebe present
Contact- must be contact between bodily fluid and hiv - party mucus membrane or blood stream

Exposure to hiv is not automatic transmission

5 fluids
Blood
semen
Vaginal fluid
Breast milk
Anal fluids

Vertical transmission
When hiv passes to a fetus or baby from hiv positive

Managing risk
Risk is natural
Coping
Adapting to change
All people have right to recieve information and support

High risk
No condom

Low risk
Use of clean needles

Theoretical risk
Tattoo
Fighting

No risk
Hugging
Kissing
sneezing
Talking

Testing
25-30 are not aware they have hiv
Window period
Symptoms of hiv seroconversion
Reportable illness
Barriers to get tested

# data[].attributes.body
Jessica Leonard
Mucous membranes- entry point, soft, warm, moist
CD4/T- Cells- fight off infections
CD4 count- amount of fighting cells
Viral Load- amount of virus in blood

Meds= increase in CD4

HIV CANADA- who?
75,000 ppl live with HIV- 9.7% increase from 2011
2,570 new cases 2014
21% are unaware

HIV ONTARIO- who?
27,420 ppl with HIV in ont 2009
843 new in 2012

HIV OTTAWA- who?
3,155 with HIV as of 2010
160 diagnosed in 2010
highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories: IDU & HIV endemic countries.

Outdated stats bc so much work to contact so many people, impacts community bc HIV isn't seen as an issue so will receive less funding and support

Affected:
Men who have sex with men
Drug users
African/ caribbean/ black communities 50%
Aboriginal communities( first nations, unit, metis, other indigenous coms of North America. 23%
Missing off list- babies, white people, elderly, females

Social Determinants od health
Physical environment- air & water quality
Social environment- education family structure
Economic environment- income wealth employment
Lifestyle behaviour- Diet tobacco use physical activity, drug use, sexual activity

4 Principals of transmission
1. Source: source of infection
2. Numbers: Sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present
3. Transportation: At least one of the 5 bodily fluids that contain HIV
4. Contact: between that bodily fluid and the HIV-negative persons mucus membrane or blood stream
*NOT AN AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION

Fluids that contain sufficient amount of HIV to transmit to another person:
Breastmilk
Blood
Semen/cum
Vaginal fluids
Anal fluids

With meds a baby is 1% likely to get it
No meds 20-30% likely to pass on to child
HIV spread through- womb, amniotic fluid, placenta

Chances- Managing risks
Everyone entitled to accurate and practical info and support

Affects of likelihood of transmission
How you do something or for how long will affect chances of transmission
Presence of other STIs and certain health conditions
HIV positive moms do not breastfeed

1 in 2 gay men have HIV

High Risk of Transmission
Condoles vaginal or anal sex
Injection equipment
Sharing unprotected penetrative sex toys

Low risk of transmission
Oral sex without barrier
Vaginal or anal sex with condom( condom fail or expiry)
Injecting its clean needles

Theoretical risk of HIV transmission
Potential with no confirmed reports of infection:
Performing oral sex  with barrier
Receiving oral sex with no barrier
Fingering
Tattooing or piercing with shared equipment
Fighting

NO risk
Hugging
Kissing
Touching
Talking
Sneezing
Ejaculation on unbroken skin

Symptoms of HIV- bad cold, tired, achy, hard to dif from a cold
Window Period- time of exposure to when your body creates antibodies---> 3 weeks

Tests
Standard- blood drawn sent to lab could take weeks vs. Rapid -like a diabetes test takes 1hr-30 min
Nominal-
Anonymous- rapid anonymous
HIV is a reportable illness

Testing barriers-
Where?
Stigma
Ashamed/ Embarrassed

1985
20303 cases of HIV
1995
Relationship between HIV and AIDS
leading cause of death of death 19-24 yr olds in USA
Life saving meds- but tough- 12 pills 3x a day @ certain time
2005
expand on awareness outside gay community
Improvements on treatment side effects
2017
HIV and aging
Treatment vs prevention- way to keep immune system function and elevated levels of CD4. Only less then 300 CD4 level
Criminalization of HIV non-disclosure- legally has to disclose to sexual partner. Does make people want to know if they are positive bc then they can't be held responsible if passed to another

Stigma
Internalized stigma
Perceived stigma
Enacted stigma
Institutional or structural stigma
Compounded or layered stigma
Intersecting stigmas

HIV IN NEWS
Charged and prosecuted over 140 people
Oct 2012, supreme court of canada ruled an HIV positive person does not have to notify sexual partner if:
Condom is used
HIV postive person has a low viral load

Criminalization is bad for pubic:
discourages testing
Low viral load can be difficult to achieve
Lack of condom knowledge
Discourages responsibility for sexual health

# data[].attributes.body
Key terms:
Mucous membranes
CD4/T-cells
CD4 count
Viral Load

Who is Affected by HIV?
(it is estimated that 21% of people who live with HIV don't know that have it)
In Ontario,
2010- 3,155 people living with HIV as of 2010 (are these stats outdated? Why do you think so? How does this affect our work?)

Communities affected:
- Men who have sex with other men
- People who use drugs
- Individuals from African/Caribbean or Black communities
- Members of Aboriginal communities

Who is missing from the list? Elderly, babies who contract it via birth (if mother is non-medicated)

Four Principals of HIV Transmission
1) Source: of infection
2) Numbers: there needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present
3) Transportation: At least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present.
4) Contact: There needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV-negative party's negative party's mucus membrane or blood stream

The five bodly fluids: that contain a sufficent amount of HIV to transmit the virus:
1) Blood
2) Vaginal fluid
3)Semen
4)Breast Milk
5) Anal fluid

Managing the Risk:
Risk is a natural and universal part of all our lives, and managing risks is just as natural
People are coping the best they know how-individual do what they do because at some level it "works" for them.
Change is a process marked by numerous stages (people will change at their own pace)
All people are entitled to accurate and practical information and support

What will affect the likelihood of transmission?
some factors like how often you do something or for how long will affect chances of transmission
Other physical factors can affect chances of transmission, like presence of other STIs and certain health conditions

High risks of HIV Transmission
condomless vaginal or anal sex
sharing sex toys
Low risk
oral sex with barriers
Theoretical risk: (Potiential with no confirmed reports of infection)
preforming oral sex with barrier
recieving oral sex
fingering
tattooing or piercing with shared equipment
fighting
No Risk
hugging
kissing
touching

Testing
approx. 25-30% of people living with HIV in North America are unware they're HIV positive
Symptoms of HIV seroconversion
Window period
Types of tests: Standard vs. Rapid, Nominal vs. Anonymous
HIV's a reportable illness- what's that?
What are some barriers to getting tested?

# data[].attributes.body
DIFFERENCE:
HIV: Human Immune-Deficiency Virus
AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

KEY TERMS:
-Mucous membranes: entry point
-CD4/T cells: cells that try to fight the virus
-CD4 count: how many of the fighters cell there are
- Viral Load: about of virus in the blood

STATS
CANADA:
-75000 people  living with HIV (2014)
-9.7% increase from 2011
-21% of people living with HIV, are unaware
OTTAWA:
-3155 people living with HIV (2010)
-160 people diagnosed in 2010

COMMUNITIES DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECTED BY HIV/AIDS:
-Men who have sex with men
-People who use drugs
-Members of ACB communities
-Members of Aboriginal communities

FOUR PRINCIPLES OF HIV TRANSMISSION:
-SOURCE: Source of infection )a human with HIV)
-NUMBERS: There needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present
-TRANSPORTATION: At least 1 of the 5 bodily fluids (breast milk, semen, vaginal fluids, blood, anal fluids) that contain HIV must be present
-CONTACT: There needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV-negative party's mucus membrane or blood stream

LIKELIHOOD OF TRANSMISSION:
-Some factors like how often you do something or for how long will affect chances of transmission
-Other physical factors can affect chances of transmission, like presence of other STI's and certain health conditions

HIGH RISK OF TRANSMISSION:
-Vaginal or anal sex without a condom
-Sharing sex toys
LOW RISK OF TRANSMISSION:
-Oral sex without barrier
-Vaginal or anal sex with condom (unless it breaks)
THEORETICAL RISK OF HIV TRANSMISSION:
-oral sex with barrier
-receiving oral sex with no barrier
-fingers
-tattooing or piercing with shared equipment
-fighting
NO RISK OF TRANSMISSION:
-hugging
-kissing
-sneezing
-sweating

WINDOW PERIOD:
-results in 3 weeks
-time to exposure to when seroconversion occurs

TESTS:
-STANDARD: done through blood work
-RAPID: Pin prick (helpful for those exposed often)
-Nominal Vs. Anonymous

HISTORY:
-1985: HIV = widespread and stigmatized disease.
-1995: -People were being diagnosed
-leading cause of death for 19-24 year old men.
-2005: Change, treatments, expanding awareness.
-2017: Treatment vs Prevention, Criminalization of HIV non-disclosure

STIGMA:
Intersecting Stigmas -> Compounded or Layered Stigma -> Institutional or Structural Stigma -> Enacted Stigma -> Perceived Stigma -> Internalized Stigma

# data[].attributes.body
HIV: Human Immune-Deficiency Virus
AIDS: Acquired Immune-Deficiency Syndrome
Key Terms

Mucous Membranes- Entry point

CD4/T-Cells- Fights off the disease

CD4 Count- The amount of cells in your blood

Viral Load- Amount of virus thats in the blood

In Canada, at the end of 2014:

75,00 people are living with HIV a 9.7% increase from 2011

2,570 new HIV cases were reported in 2014

Estimated that 21% of people living with HIV are unaware of their status.

HIV In Ontario:

Estimated 27, 240 people living with HIV/AIDS in Ontario

843 new reported cases in 2012

Ottawa

3,155 people living with HIV as of 2013

Approximately 160 people were diagnosed in 2010

highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories:IDU and people from HIV-endemic countries

Communities disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS in Canada:

Men who have sex with men

People who use drugs

Members of the African/Caribbean/Black communities

Members of Aboriginal commuinities(First Nations, Inuit, Metis, and other Indigenous communities of North America)

Social Determinants of Health:

Kind of social supports that you have available to you.

Services available

Access to healthcare, child care, public transit

Physical Environments: Water quality, housing, community design, Transportations, Noise

Social:  Family structure, discrimination, health services, crime and violence.

Economic: Income, Employment, Economiv property

Lifestyle: Diet, Tobaco, Physical activity

These determine the outcomes of your life and well-being\

Four Principles of HIV Transmission

Source: There needs to be a source of infection

Numbers: There needs to be sufficient quantity of the HV virus present

Transportation: At least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present

Contact: There needs to be contact between the bodily fluid and the HIV negative parts mucus membrane or blood stream

EXPOSURE TO HIV IS NOT AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION!

Five fluids that contain a sufficient amount of HIV to transmit the virus:

Vaginal Fluid

Semen

Blood

Breast Milk

Anal Fluid

Vertical Transmission

When HIV passes to to a fetus or baby from HIV +mother

Studies show that if no treatment is take during pregnancy there is between 20-30% change of HIV transmioon from the mother to child

Today with proper care the risk of s baby becoming infected is less than 1%

HIV can spread in the womb, amniotic fluid, placenta, during birth or breastfeeding.

What are the chances? Managing risk:

Risk is a natural and universal part of all our lives, and managing risks is just as natural

People are coping with the fact best they know how individuals do what they do because at some level "works" for them

Change is a "process" or journey marked by numerous stages, and people change at their own pac

All people are entitled to accurate and practical info and support.

What will affect the likelihood of transmission?

Some factors like how often you do something or for how long will affect chances of transmission

Other physical factors can affect chances of transmission, like presence of other STI's and certain health conditions

High risk of HIV transmission

condomless vaginal or anal sex

Sharing injection drug equipment

Sharing unprotected penetrative toys

Low risk of HIV transmission

Oral sex without a barrier

Vaginal or anal sex with a condom

Injecting with clean needles

Theoretical Risk of HIV transmission
Potential with no confirmed reports of infection

Performing oral with a barrier

Receiving oral sex with no barrier

Fingering

Tattooing or piercing with shared equipment

Fighting

No Risk of HIV Transmission

Hugging

Kissing

Touching

Talking

Ejaculation on unbroken skin

Urine feces

Many more

Testing

Approx 25-30% of pppl living with HIV in NA are unaware that they are HIV positive

Symptoms of HIV seroconversion

What a "window period: From the time of exposure to when your body produces HIV antibodies

Different types of tests: standard vs rapid normal vs anonymous Standard (Blood test sent to lab from doctor) Vs. Rapid (Pin prick - helpful for those exposed often), Nominal Vs. Anonymous.

HIV's a reportable illness(the WHO needs to know who is living with HIV, in order to better mitigate the epidemic/spread of HIV. Need countries to report who is living with it, where in the country etc.)

What are some barriers to getting tested- not knowing where to get tested, the stigma,

# data[].attributes.body
HIV: Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus.
AIDS: Acquired Immune-Deficiency Syndrome.

Viral Load: the amount of virus in the blood.

Who is affected:
-(Canada) 21% people living with HIV are unaware, 2,570 new reports in 2014, 75,500 living with HIV (9.7% increase from 2011).
-(Ottawa) 3,155 living with HIV 2010, 160 diagnosed in 160, Ottawa has highest prevalence in province for exposure.

Communities Disproportionately Affected: Men who have sex with men, people who use drugs, member of the African/Caribbean/Black communities, members of aboriginal communities.

Four Principals of HIV Transmission:
(1) Source: there needs to be a source of infection.
(2) Numbers: There needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present.
(3) Transportation: At least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present.
(4) Contact: There needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV negative party's mucus membrane or blood stream.

HIV and Infants:
-With no treatment 20-30% of transmission to infant.
-With treatment studies suggest it is approximately 1%

Testing:
-Unawareness by 20-30% of people living with HIV in North America.
-Window Period: From the time of exposure to when your body produces HIV antibodies.
-Standard test: all identifiers and markers are there, done through blood work. Rapid test: similar to a quick prick test, takes about 1 hour 30 mins. Ideal for those often exposed.

Treatment:
-There is no cure but there is treatment.

# data[].attributes.body
HIV Vs. AIDS:
HIV: Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus
AIDS: Acquired Immune-Deficiency Syndrome

Key Terms:
-Mucous Membranes: Entry point of body.
-CD4/T-Cells:  "Warriors" that fight off disease in body.
-CD4 Count: Amount of those cells in your blood.
-Viral Load:  Amount of virus in blood.

HIV In Canada:
-75, 500 people are living with HIV, a 9.7% increase from 2011.
-2, 570 new case of HIV were reported in 2014.
-Estimated that 21% of people living with HIV are unaware of their status.

HIV In Ontario:
-Estimated 27, 240 people living with HIV/AIDS in Ontario.
-843 new reported cases in 2012.

HIV In Ottawa:
-3, 155 people living with HIV as of 2010.
-Approximately 160 people were diagnosed in 2010.
-Ottawa has highest prevalence rates in province for exposure categories: IDU and people from HIV-endemic countries.

Communities Disproportionately Affected by HIV/AIDS In Canada:
-Men who have sex with men.
-People who use drugs.
Members of African/Caribbean/Black communities.
-Members of Aboriginal communities (First Nations, Inuit, Metis, Indigenous communities of NA)

Social Determinants of Health:
-Kind of social supports that you have available to you.
-Services available
-Access to healthcare, child care, public transit/
-Physical Environments: Water quality, housing, community design, Transportation, Noise
-Social:  Family structure, discrimination, health services, crime and violence.
-Economic: Income, Employment, Economic property
-Lifestyle: Diet, Tobacco, Physical activity

Four Principles of HIV:
1. Source: There needs to be source of infection.
2. Numbers: There needs to be sufficient quantity of HIV virus present.
3. Transportation: At least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present.
4. Contact: There needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV-negative party's mucus membrane or blood stream.

(Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission)

Five Fluids Containing HIV:
-Semen
-Blood
-Vaginal Fluid
-Breast Milk
-Rectal Fluid

Vertical Transmission:
-When HIV passes to a fetus or a baby from an HIV+ mother.
-Studies show that if no treatment is taken during pregnancy, there is between 20-40% chance of HIV transmission from the mother to the child.
-Today, with the proper care, the risk of baby becoming infected in less than 1%.
-HIV can spread in the womb, amniotic fluid, placenta, during birth or breastfeeding.

Managing Risk:
-Risk is natural and universal part of all our lives, and managing risks is just as natural.
-People are coping with this fact that the best they know how individuals do what they do because sat some level it "works" for the,.
-Change is a "process" or journey marked by numerous stages, and people change at their own pace.
-All people are entitled to accurate and practical information and support.

Likelihood of Transmission:
-Some factors, like how you do something or for how long will affect transmission.
-Other physical factors can affect chances of transmission, like presence of other STIs and certain health conditions.

High Risk of Transmission:
-Condom-less vaginal or anal sex.
Sharing injection/drug equipment.
Sharing unprotected penetrative toys.

Low Risk of Transmission:
-Oral sex without a barrier.
-Vaginal or anal sex with condom (only due to condom failure/misuse).
-Injecting with clean needles.

Theoretical Risk of Transmission:
-Performing oral sex with a barrier.
Receiving oral sex with no barrier.
-Fingering.
-Tattooing or piercing with shared equipment.
-Fighting.

No Risk of Transmission:
-Sneezing
-Hugging.
-Touching.
-Kissing.
0Talking.
-Ejacualtion on body.

Testing:
-Approximately 25-30% of people living with HIV in NA are unaware they are HIV+.
-Symptoms of HIV seroconversion.
-What's a "window period" and why is it important? Time of exposure to when body produces antibodies.
-Different Types of Tests = Standard (Blood test sent to lab from doctor) Vs. Rapid (Pin prick - helpful for those exposed often), Nominal Vs. Anonymous.
-HIV's a reportable illness: World's Health Organization needs to know in order to control spread and epidemic spread.  Tracked
-What are some barriers to getting tested?  Not knowing where to get tested, stigma,

Treatment:
-There is no cure for HIV.

History:
-1985: HIV was a huge widespread and stigmitized diease.
-1995: People were being diagnosed, but still leading cause of death for 19-24 year old men.
-2005: Shift in focus, treatments, expanding awareness.
-2017: Treatment vs Prevention, Criminalization of HIV non-disclosure, HIV and aging.

ACO's Sex Positivity:
Sex positive: Saying yes to sex that we do want and saying no to sex that we do no want.

-

# data[].attributes.body
HIV is a virus, a human immuno deficiency virus while AIDS is acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
-Mucos membranes- the entry
-CD4/T-Cells- fights off the colds
-CD4 Count- the amount of cells in blood, having a lot of CD4 means conquering the blood.
-Viral Load- the amount of virus that's in the blood.
HIV in Canada:
- 75 000 people are living with HIV, a 9.7% increase from 2011.
-2 750 new HIV cases reported in 2014
- Estimated that 21% of people living with HIV are unaware of their status.
HIV in Ontario:
- Estimated that 27 420 people living with HIV/AIDS in Ontario as of 2009
- 843 Cases in 2012.
HIV in Ottawa:
-3 155 people living with HIV in 2010.
-Approx. 160 people were diagnosed in 2010
- Ottawa has the highest prevelance rates in the province for exposure catergories; IDU & people from HIV-endemic countries.
COMMUNITIES DISPROPORTIONTELY AFFEXT BY HIV/AIDS IN CANADA:
- Men who have sex w/ other men
- People who use drugs
- Members of the African/ Caribbean/ Black communities
- Members of Aboriginal communities (First Nations, Inuit, Metis, & other Indigenous communities of North America)
FOUR PRINCIPALS OF HIV TRANSMISSION:
1) Source: There needs to be a source of infection.
2) Numbers: There needs to be a sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present.
3)Transportation; At least one of the 5 bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present.
4) Contact: There needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV-negative party's mucus membrane or blood stream.
...Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission!
THE 5 FLUIDS: vaginal fluids, semen, blood, breast milk, anal fluids.

-When HIV passes to a fetus or baby from HIV+ mother.
-Studies show that if no treatment is taken during pregnancy, there is between 20-30% chance of HIV transmission from the mother to the child

WHAT ARE THE CHANCES?: MANAGING RISK:
- Risk is a natural and universal part of all our lives, and managing risks just as natural.
- People are coping with this fact the best they know how individuals do what they do because at some level it "works" for them.
-Changes is a "process" or journey marked by numerous stages, and people change at their own pace.
-All people are entitled to accurate and practical information & support.

WHAT WILL AFFECT THE LIKELIHOOD OF TRANSMISSION:
- Condom less vaginal or anal sex
-Sharing injection drug equiptment
-Shring unprotected sec toys

Potential with no confirmed reports of infection...
- Performing oral sex with a barrier
- Recieving oral sex with no barrier
-Fingering
-Tattoos

TESTING:
- Approx. 25-30% of people living with HIV in North America are unaware that they are HIV+.
-Symptoms of HIV seroconversion
-Window Period- the time of exposure to when your body reaches the antibodies... 3 weeks
-Different types of tests; Standard vs Rapid, Nominal vs Anonymous
-HIVS a reportable illness... World health organization needs to know to help whose living with HIV to help report
-Barriers: Not knowing where to go to get tested, stigma,

There is no treatment...

1995:
-Relationship between HIV & AIDS discovered
-Life saving improvements

2005:
-Shifts in public and political focus to Africa and other parts of the developing world

2017:
-HIV and aging
-Treatment as Prevention
-Criminalization of HIV non-disclosure

Harm Reduction:
- ACO is a partner in both the needle exchange program and the safer inhalation.

HIV IN THE NEWS...
Criminalization is BAD for the public health because:
-Discourages testing
-Not everyone can achieve a low viral load
-Not everyone can negotiate condom use
-discourages everyone from taking responsibility for their sexual health

# data[].attributes.body
HIV
The difference between HIV and AIDS: hiv is the virus (Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus)
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
Mucous Membranes ( entry point and where there is a large amount of t- cells present
CD4/ t-cells
cd4 count
viral load- amount of viruses in the blood. When you have a virus in your blood you won't have cd4 cells. If you take medication the virus decreases.
In Canada, at the end of 2014: 75,500 people are living with HIV, a 9.7 % increase from 2011.
2,570 new HIV cases were reported in 2014
It is estimated that 21% of people living with HIV are unaware of their status.
HIV affects people all over the world
In Ottawa 3,155 people living with HIV as of 2010
Approximately 160 people were diagnosed in 2010.
Ottawa has the highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories: IDU and people from HIV-endemic countries.
Some of these numbers seem outdated- why?
How can this impact our work?
Communities disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS in Canada:
Men who have sex withmen
People who use drugs
Members of African/ Caribbean/ Black communities
Members of Aboriginal communities ( first nations, inuit, Metis, and other indigenous communities of North America. Worth noting that you can be born with it.

Four Principles of HIV Transmission
1. SOurce: There needs to be a source of infection.
2. NUmbers: There needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present.
3. Transportation: At least one of the give bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present.
4. Contact: There needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV- negative party's mucus membrane or blood stream.
Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission!
Five fluids that contain a sufficient amount of HIV to transmit the virus. Those would be. Blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk, anal fluids.
WHen HIV passes to a fetus or baby from an HIV+ mother
Studies show that if no treatment is taken during pregnancy, there is between 20-30% chance of HIV transmission from the mother to child.

What are the chances? Managing risk
Risk is a natural and universal part of our lives, and managing risks is just as natural.
People are coping with this fact the best they know how- individuals do what they do because at some level it "works" for them.
Change is a process or journey marked by numerous stages, and people chance at their own pace.
All people are entitled to accurate and practical information and support.
Some factors like how often you do something or for how long will affect chances of transmission
Other physical factors can affect chances of transmission, like presence of other STIS and certain health conditions.
Activities that have high chances of transmission
Condomless vaginal or anal sex
Low Risk of HIV transmission- Oral sex without a barrier, Vaginal or anal sex with a condom
Potential with no confirmed reports of infection-
performing oral sex with a barrier, receiving oral sex with no barrier, fingering, tattooing or piercing with shared equipment or fighting.
If there are no confirmed reports, why does this category exist?
NO RISK
Hugging, kissing, touching, talking, ejaculation on unbroken skin, urin and feces and many more ( like sneezing)

Approximately 25-30% of people living with HIV in North America are unaware that they are HIV positive.
Symptoms of HIV seroconversion
What's a window period and why is it important?
Different types of of testsL Standard vs Rapid, Nominal vs Anonymous
HIV's a reportble illness- What's that?
What are some barriers to getting tested?

There is no cure for HIV

Very little was known about AIDS, including how it was transmitted.
Ignorance led to wide-spread and intense stigma
By the end of 1985, 20 303 cases of AIDS had been reported to the World Health organization.

# data[].attributes.body
HIV: Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus
AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiecny Syndrome: If the virus is left untreated for a long period of time.
Mucous Membranes: Soft, warm, moist, entry points to the body. Large concentration of T-cells.
CD4/T-Cells: The "warriors" that fight off sickness and disease in the body.
CD4 Count: The amount of those cells you have in your blood.
Viral Load: Amount of virus in the blood. Relationship between viral load and cd4 is always inverse (you will have not as many cd4 cells when the virus is present). When taking antiretroviral drugs the amount of cd4 cells increases and suppresses the viral load.

HIV in Canada, at the end of 2014:
75k ppl living with HIV, a 9.7% increase from 2011
2570 new HIV cases reported in 2014
Estimated 21% of ppl living with HIV are unaware of their status

In Ontario:

Estimated about 27,420 ppl living with HIV/AIDS as of 2009
843 new cases in 2012

In Ottawa
3155 ppl living with HIV as of 2010
Approx 160 new ppl diagnosed in 2010
Ottawa has the highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories: IDU and ppl from HIV-endemic countries.

Communities Disproportionately Affected by HIV in Canada
Men who have sex with men
People who use drugs
Members of the African/Caribbean/Black communities
Members of Aboriginal Communities

Social Determinants of Health
The kinds of social supports you have available to you, services that are available, do you have access to healthcare, child care, public transit.
These determine the outcomes of your life and well-being.

Four Principals of HIV Transmission
1) Source: There needs to be a source of infection
2) Numbers: There needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present
3) Transportation: At least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present (semen, blood, vaginal fluid, breast milk, rectal fluid)
4) Contact: There needs to be contact between bodily fluids and the HIV negative party's mucus membrane or blood stream
Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission

Vertical Transmission
When HIV passes to a fetus or baby from and HIV+ mother
Studies show if no treatment taken during pregnancy, between 20-30% chance of HIV transmission to child
Today, with proper care, the risk of a baby becoming infected is less than 1%
HIV can be spread in the womb, amniotic fluid, placenta

What are the chances? Managing Risk
Risk is a natural and universal part of all our lives, and managing risks is just as natural
People are coping with this fact the best they know how- individuals do what they do because at some level it "works" for them
Change is a process or journey marked by numerous stages, and people change at their own pace
All people are entitled to accurate and practical info and support

What Will Affect the Likelihood of Transmission?
Some factors like how often you do something or for how long will affect chances of transmission.
Other physical factors can affect chances of transmission, like presence of other STIs and certain health conditions

High Risk of HIV Transmission
Condomless vaginal / anal sex
Sharing injection drug equipment
Sharing unprotected penetrative toys

Low Risk of Transmission
Oral sex without a barrier
Vaginal or anal sex with a condom
Injecting with clean needles

Theoretical Risk of HIV Transmission - Potential with no confirmed reports of infection
Performing oral sex with a barrier
Recieving oral sex with no barrier
Fingering
Tattooing or piercing with shared equipment
Fighting

No Risk
Hugging
Kissing
Touching
Talking
Urine / Feces

Testing:
Symptoms of HIV Seroconversion (like having a bad cold/flu)
Window period (from time of exposure, to when seroconversion occurs, 3 weeks)
Different types of tests; Standard (regular blood test) vs. Rapid (small pin prick, like blood sugar test), Nominal, Anonymous
Reportable Illness (the WHO needs to know who is living with HIV, in order to better mitigate the epidemic/spread of HIV. Need countries to report who is living with it, where in the country etc.)
Barriers to getting tested: Not knowing where to get tested, Stigma, Language

Treatment
There is no cure for HIV

History - 1985
Very little known about HIV/AIDS and transmission, and how it spread
ignorance led to widespread and intense stigma
By end of 1985 about 20k cases reported to WHO

1995
Relationship between HIV and AIDS discovered
Life-saving improvements to treatments
AIDS diagnoses began to fall, but still leading cause of death in 19-24yr olds in USA

2005
Shift in public / political focus to Africa / developing world
Expanding awareness of HIV impact on communities beyond just the gay community
Impacts of improved treatment on prevention efforts

HIV Now
HIV and Aging
Treatment as Prevention - once diagnosed, immediatly put on treatment to keep immune system healthy, to live healthily longer
Criminalization of HIV non-disclosure: According to the law in Canada, a person with HIV has to disclose to their sexual partner.

Stigma
Intersecting Stigmas --> Compounded or Layered Stigma --> Institutional or Structural Stigma --> Enacted Stigma --> Perceived Stigma --> Internalized Stigma

Combating Stigma
ACO's Sex Positivity Statement

Harm Reduction
ACO is a partner with the needle exchange program and the safer inhalation program (crack pipe distribution)

Criminalization is BAD for public health because:
Discourages testing
Not everyone can achieve a low viral load
Not everyone can negotiate condom use
Discourages everyone from taking responsibility for their own sexual health

# data[].attributes.body
- HIV: Virus that affects humans

-AIDS: Affects immune system by HIV and left untreated for a long period of time symptoms of AIDS will be evident

-Mucous membranes: Entry point, soft warm plates

-CD4/T-Cells: Whit blood cells, help make you feel better

-CD4 count: Looking at the blood to know what's going on

-Viral Load: The amount virus in the blood.. More virus = less CD4... More medication= More CD4

-Canada: estimated that 21% of people living with HIV are unaware of their status... It affects people everywhere, unable to visibly see that someone has HIV

-Ontario: 27,420 people living with HIV/ AIDS in 2009

-Ottawa: 3,155 people living with HIV positive in 2010... Ottawa has highest rates in the province for exposure categories: IDU and people from HIV-endemic countries

-Direct impact of stats to our work: collecting data and making it available to the public, takes time... Only one person collecting and making sense of the data

-Communities disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS in Canada: Men who have sex with men, people who use drugs,
Members of the Afican/ Caribbean/ Black communities, member of Aboriginal communities (First Nations, Inuit, Metis, and other Indigenous communities of North American... Who's is missing?: Children who's parents where not on medication prior to birth, elderly, etc... Aboriginal = 1% of Canada's population BUT 13% of those infected with HIV

-Ways to reduce stigma: approaching HIV with a social justice perspective ...The way society is set up, some people are set up to fail more than others

- Social Determinats of Health: where you were born, mental health, access to care/ day cares, your community, police presence in your community, diet, education, family, etc. (Social Environements, Lifestyle Behaviours, Economic Environment, Physical Environments)

-Four principles of HIV Transmission: 1) Source - There needs to be a sources of infection, 2) Numbers - There has to be a sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present, 3) Transportation: At least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present, 4) Contact - There needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV-negative is party's muc membrane or blood stream... Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission!!!

- Five fluids that contains a sufficient amount of HIV to transmit the virus: breast milk, vaginal fluids, semem/ Cum, blood, anal fluids

-Vetical Transmission: mother to child (not on medication), if no treatment is taken during pregnancy, there is between 20-30% chance of HIV transmission to child

-What are the chances?... Managing Risk: Risk is a natural and universal part of all our lives, and managing tasks is just as natural... People are coping with this fact the best they know how individuals do what they do because at some level it "works" for them.. Change is a "process" or journey marked by numerous stages, and people changes at their own pace... All people are entitled to accurate and practical information and support... Clients are coming from the best way they know how & allow people to do the best way they can

-What will affect the likelihood of transmission: Some factors like how often you do something or for how long will affect chance of transmission... Other physical factor can affect chances of transmission, like presence of other STI's and certain health conditions... Example: feeding a baby a lot (only milk) several times a day there is a greater risk of exposure OR men having sex with men or men having sex with men who are having sex with women... Smaller population and increase the likelyhood of transmission

- High Risks of HIV Transmission: Condomless vaginal or anal sex, etc.

-Low Risk of HIV transmission: Oral sex without barrier, vaginal or anal sex with condom, etc.

- Theoretical Risk of HIV Transmission: Potential with no confirmed reports of infection - performing oral sex with a barrier, receiving oral sex with no barrier, fingering ,tattooing or piercing with shared equipment, fighting...

-No Risk of HIV transmission: Hugging, kissing, ejaculation on unbroken skin, urine, etc.

-Testing:25-30% of people living with HIV are unaware they are living HIV in North America... Symptoms of HIV seroconversion, hat is "window period" the time of exposure and the time seroconversion occurs... Different types of tests: Standard Vs. Rapid (Finding out in 30 min- better depending on where you are at in life: someone who is homeless, financial constraints, couch surfing), nominal vs. anonymous... HIV is a reported illness - countries need to report what is tracked by local health units..Barriers to getting tested: not knowing where, ignorance is bliss.

-Treatment = NO CURE...

-History: 1985 - Very little known, lots of stigma, 1995 - HIV and AIDS relationship was discovered, life saving improvement to treatment, AIDS diagnoses beginning to fall, 2005 - Shift in public eye and political focus to Afric and other parts of the developing world, expanding awareness of HIV's impact on communities beyond just the gay community, 2017 - HIV and aging, treatment as prevention: once they are diagnosed they are put on treatment thus keeping them healthier longer, criminalization of HIV non-disclosure: according to the law in Canada individuals with HIV have to disclose to their sexual partner

-Stigma: Internalized --> Perceived --> Enacted --> Instituational or Structural--> Compounded or Layered--> Intersecting

- ACO's Sex Positivey Perspective Statement...Harm Reduction - Needle exchange program, safer inhalation program, 'Tool Shed',

-HIV news: 2012: Supreme Court ruled that an HIV positive person was not required to disclose their status to a sexual partner only if following two conditions were mer: a condemn was used and the person had a low or undetectable viral load. Canada has become a 'leader' in HIV criminalization around the world, having now prosecuted and charged over 140 people. Criminalization is BAD for the public eye health cause... Discourages testing, not everyone can achieve a low viral load, not everyone can negotiate condom use, discourages everyone from taking responsibility for their sexual health

# data[].attributes.body
Notes :
AIDS is the condition, while HIV is the virus itself. Once HIV has gone into the more advanced stages, it is called AIDS.

Key Terms:
- Mucous membranes : Entry point
- CD4/T-Cells: Good Cells
- CD4 Count : amount of the cells you have in your body.
- Viral Load : amount of virus in your blood.

In Canada

- 74 thousand individuals living with HIV, a 9.7% increase from 2011.
- 2570 new HIV cases reported in 2014.
- Estimated 21% of individuals living with HIV are unaware of their status.

In Ontario
- 27,420 individuals are living with HIV/AIDS as of 2009
- 843 new cases in 2012

In Ottawa
- 3155 individuals are living with HIV as of 2010
- Estimation of 160 new cases diagnosed in 2010
- Ottawa has the highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories: IDU and individuals from HIV-endemic countries.

Communities that are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDs in Canada;
- Men who have sex w/ other men
- People who use drugs
- Members of the African/ Caribbean/ Black communities
- Members of Aboriginal communities (First Nations, Inuit, Metis, & other Indigenous communities of North America).

Four principles of HIV transmission:

1. Source

2. Numbers

3. Transportations

4. Contacts

Exposure to HIV is not an automatic transmission.
Five fluids that contains a sufficient amount of HIV to transmit the virus.
1. Breast milk
2. Vaginal fluids
3. Semen
4. Blood
5. Anal fluids

High Risk of HIV Transmission
- Condom less, vaginal or anal sex
- HIV transmission among people who use drugs
- Mother-to-child transmission of HIV

Low  Risk of HIV Transmission
- Oral sex without barrier
- Vaginal or anal sex with condom

Theoretical Risk of HIV Transmission - Potential with no confirmed reports of infection:

- Performing oral sex with a barrier
- Receiving oral sex with no barrier
- Fingering
- Tattooing or piercing with shared equipment
- Fighting

No Risk of HIV transmission:
- Hugging
- Kissing
- Touching
- Talking
- Urine / Feces

Testing: Standard vs. Rapid, Nominal vs. Anonymous
- Approx. 25-30% of individuals living with HIV in north America are unaware of their status.
- 3 weeks window period

# data[].attributes.body
HIV 101
Difference between HIV and AIDS
HIV is the virus (Human Immuno Deficiency Virus)
AIDs occurs at the final stages of HIV and is the symptoms of HIV at this stage
Medicating HIV sufferer differs from one person to the next
Mucous membranes- is an entry point and where there is a huge amount of T cells present
CD4/T Cells- these are the fighter white cells; they fight off infection
they work on getting you healthy
CD4 count-
Viral load- amount of the virus present in the blood; the relationship to the CD4 count is inverse
When a person takes anti viral medication, it is antibacterial and decreases the viral load; it also works to increase  the CD4 count
2570 cases of HIV were reported in 2014
75500 people are living with HIV, a 9.7% increase from 2011
it is estimated that 21% of people living with HIV are unaware of their status
HIV is a human disease and it affects ppl everywhere
estimated that 27420 people living with HIV/AIDs in Ontario in 2009
In Ottawa there are 3155 people living with HIV as of 2010
Approx 160 people were diagnosed in 2010
Ottawa has the highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories: IDU and people from HIV endemic countries
Some of these numbers do seem outdated because data tracking is done from humans
There is less focus being dedicated to HIV research
We need epidemiologists to try to counter HIV spreading by increasing research and treatment
Communities that are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDs in Canada
Men who have sex with men
People who use drugs
Members of African/Caribbean/Black communities
Members of Aboriginal communities (First Nations, Inuit, Metis, and other Indigenous communities of North America)
Ppl that are missing from the list include the elderly because many old ppl are thought of to not have sex stereotypically
We need to come at HIV from anti oppressive stance
Many of these groups are set up to fail before they to the system because of the lack of the right resources
Aboriginal population they are 1% of the population but 13% of HIV cases
There is 3% of population Afro Carribbean but 50% of HIV population
Social environment can help dictate how your life might play out
Four principles of HIV transmission
Source- there needs to be a source of infection
Numbers- there needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present
Transportation- at least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must bepresent
Contact- there needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV negative party's mucus membrane or blood stream
Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission

Most ppl are not looking up HIV unless it affects their lives
Five fluids contain sufficient amount of HIV to transmit the virus
Vaginal fluids
Semen
Breast milk
Blood
Anal fluids

Saliva can have some traces of HIV but to get HIV from someone HIV positive for that to occur you'd need to drink 2 gallons of saliva for this
Vertical transmission of AIDs occurs from mother to child
What are the chances? Managing risk
Risk is a natural and universal part of all our lives, and managing risks is just as natural
People are coping with this fact the best they know how- individuals do what they do because at some level it "works" for them
Change is a "process" or journey marked by numerous stages, and people change at their own pace
All people are entitled to accurate and practical information and support
Clients come the best way they know how to our services
Everyone is entitled to accurate information and support
We give as much information as we can and let ppl do the best they can with the information

What will affect the likelihood of transmission
presence of other STIs and certain health conditions
Some factors like how often you do something or for how long will affect chances of transmission

If you're gay then there is an increased likelihood of transmission partly because there is a smaller pool of ppl present

High risk of HIV transmission
Vaginal and anal sex with no condom
penetrative sex toys
Needles

Low risk
Oral sex without a barrier
Clean needles
Vaginal or anal sex  with a condom

No risk
Hugging
Kissing
Touching
Talking
Ejaculation on unbroken skin

There are 25 to 30% of people living with HIV in North America
Window period- time of exposure to when the body produces HIV antibodies is 3 weeks
A rapid test can be helpful if you are constantly exposed to HIV risky behaviours
HIV is a reportable illness
Ottawa Public Health holds all the numbers of those living with HIV in Ottawa

Some barriers to being tested
Not knowing where to get tested
Stigma of getting tested and having to admit you have it to others you might have infected
Stigma has happened so often in society these days; it is important to be aware of this
Language is a barrier

Treatment
There is no cure for HIV

Historically there was fear of touching ppl and getting HIV in the 80s
in 1995 there was a relationship between HIV and AIDs discovered
There were life saving improvements to treatment
AIDs diagnosis beginning to fall

By 2005 there was a public and political focus to Africa and other parts of the developing world
Impacts of improved treatment

There is treatment as a prevention in 2017
There has been criminalization of HIV non disclosure
There is treatment to increase CD4 cells in the body
According to the law in Canada, person living with HIV has to disclose to their partner or partners

Stigma
Stigma and HIV go hand in hand because there could be an ignorance of what exactly HIV is and how it affects ppl
Living with HIV is a thing now as opposed to a death sentence
Our society is built around fear and so stigma is fostered in this sense
There are a lot of myths around HIV and AIDs
Media advertises HIV as a negative thing and this gets implanted into how we think of this
Types of stigma works together to build together

ACO
Needle exchange program
safer inhalation program (crack pipes)

HIV in the news
In 2012 SCC declared a person didn't have to disclose HIV if a condom was used and there is a low or undetectable viral load in the person

First to report HIV will hardly get investigated compared to the other partner
Society has condemned the idea of being HIV historically

# data[].attributes.body
HIV Presentation
Difference between HIV and AIDS:
HIV is the virus and AIDS is the collection of symptoms which occur at the last stage of HIV
-HIV is a blood borne disease
Viral load is amount of virus in the blood
When someone takes medication, the CD4 rises and virus goes down?
Anti viral medication treats HIV
21% of people living with HIV don't know
75000 people in Canada, 27000 in Ontario, Ottawa 3,155
Communities disproportionately affected: men who have sex with men, people who use drugs, members of African, Caribbean, Black communities, members of Aboriginal communities
Four principles of HIV transmission: source of infection; sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present; at least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present; there needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the negatives persons mucous membrane
Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission
Fluids: semen, blood, vaginal fluids, breast milk, butt fluids
If there is no treatment taken during pregnancy there is a 20-30% chance it will be passed from mother to child
Today with proper care the risk of a baby becoming infected is less than 1%
Everyone is coping with their lives the best they can
How often you do something and for how long will affect the likelihood of transmission
High risk of transmission: condomless sex, sharing injection drug equipment, sharing penetrative sex
Low risk: oral sex without barrier, clean needle use, protected sex
Theoretical risk: Oral sex with barrier, tattooing, fighting
No risk: hugging, kissing, urine, feces …
reportable - who is living with HIV, where they see it occurring in their countries
Barriers to being tested: not knowing where to get tested, language barriers
No cure for HIV
Barriers to treatment: cost, side effects
History……………….
Ignorance leads to widespread stigma

# data[].attributes.headline
Grace Guest speaker Aids Community Ottawa 

# data[].attributes.subject
Grace Guest speaker Aids Community Ottawa 

# data[].attributes.body
HIV 101
- Hiv: humans immuno- devein you virus
AIDS- Acrurid immun
Mucous membranes - moist soft
CD4/T-cell -helps to fight a cell
CD4- count- it know what is going on
Viral load- the amount virus in the blood

In Canada at the end of 2014
75,500 people are living with HIV, a 9.7% increase from 2011
2,570 new HIV cases were report in 2014
It is established that 21% of people living with HIV are unaware of their status
HIV is every where

In Ontario there are 27,420 people are live with HIV
In Ottawa their 3,155 people living with HIV as of 2010
Apx 160 people were diagnosed in 2010
Ottawa has the highest prevalence rats in the province for exposure categories: IDU and from HIV endemic countries

Community affectHIV and AIDS
Men and men
People with who use drugs
Members Of African/ Caribbean/ black community
Members  and other indigenous communities of North America
Baby's
Elderly and nursing home

Social determinants of health
- take bus or how you get to where you want to get
High risk of HIV transmission
Vaginal and anal sex with no condom
penetrative sex toys
Needles

Most ppl are not looking up HIV unless it affects their lives
Five fluids contain sufficient amount of HIV to transmit the virus
Vaginal fluids
Semen
Breast milk
Blood
Anal fluids

Saliva can have some traces of HIV but to get HIV from someone HIV positive for that to occur you'd need to drink 2 gallons of saliva for this
Vertical transmission of AIDs occurs from mother to child
What are the chances? Managing risk
Risk is a natural and universal part of all our lives, and managing risks is just as natural
People are coping with this fact the best they know how- individuals do what they do because at some level it "works" for them
Change is a "process" or journey marked by numerous stages, and people change at their own pace
All people are entitled to accurate and practical information and support
Clients come the best way they know how to our services
Everyone is entitled to accurate information and support
We give as much information as we can and let ppl do the best they can with the information

What will affect the likelihood of transmission
presence of other STIs and certain health conditions
Some factors like how often you do something or for how long will affect chances of transmission

If you're gay then there is an increased likelihood of transmission partly because there is a smaller pool of ppl present

High risk of HIV transmission
Vaginal and anal sex with no condom
penetrative sex toys
Needles
Low risk
Oral sex without a barrier
Clean needles
Vaginal or anal sex  with a condom

No risk
Hugging
Kissing
Touching
Talking
Ejaculation on unbroken skin

# data[].attributes.body
Difference between HIV and Aids? HIV is the virus (Human Beings) Aids is the symptoms that occur in the final stages of HIV.

Key Terms:
mucous membranes:  entry point.
CD4/T-Cells= good cells
CD4 count- amount of the cells you have in your body
Viral Load= amount of virus in the blood.
Lots of virus= low CD4's

HIV:
In Canada:
75500 people live with HIV, 9.7% increase from 2011.
2570 new HIV cases were reported in 2014.
21% of people living with HIV are unaware of their status.

In Ontario:
27420 people living with HIV/Aids in Ontario
843 new cases

In Ottawa:
3155 people living with HIV of 2010
approx. 160 people were diagnosed in 2010
Ottawa has the highest prevalence rates in the province.

Communities that are affected by HIV/AIDS:
Men who have sex with men
people who use drugs
Members o the ACB
Members of aboriginal communities
Children and Elderly

Social Determinants of Health:
Physical Environments
Social Environments
Economic Environment
Lifestyle and behaviors

4 Principles of HIV transmission:
1. Source- needs to be a person who has the infection.
2. Numbers- Needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present.
3. Transportation- at least 1 of the 5 bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present.
4. Contact- needs to be contact between that the bodily fluid and the HIV-negative party's mucus membrane or blood stream.

Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission!

Fluids:
1.Breast milk
2.Vaginal fluids
3.Blood
4.Anal Fluids
5.Semen

Vertical Transmission:
When HIV is passed onto the fetus or baby from an HIV+ mother.
20-30% chance of HIV transmission from the mother to the child.

Managing Risk:
Risk is natural and universal part of all of our lives, and managing risks is just natural.
People cope the best way they know how.
Change is a process or journey marked by numerous stages, and people change at their own pace.
All people are entitled to accurate and practical information and support.

What will affect the like hood of the transmission:
How often you do something or for how long with affect the chances.
Other physical factors can affect chances of transmission, like presence of the other STI's and certain health conditions.

High Risk of HIV Transmission:
Condomless vaginal or anal sex
Sharing injection drug equipment

Low Risk of HIV Transmission:
Oral sex without barier
Vaginal or anal sex wit a condom
Injecting with clean needles.

Theoretical Risk of HIV Transmission:
Potential with no confirmed reports of infection.
Performing oral sex with a barrier
receiving oral sec with no barrier
fingering
tattooing or piercing with shared equipment
fighting

No risk:
Hugging
Kissing
Sneezing
Touching
Talking
Ejaculation on unbroken skin

Testing:
Test= Standered vs. Rapid, Nominal vs. Anonymous
Approx. 25-30% of people living with HIV in north america are unaware they are HIV positive.
Window period= 3 weeks

2005
Impacts improved treatment on prevention efforts

HIV Now

HIV and Aging
Treatment and Prevention
Criminalization of HIV non-disclosure

Stigma:
Historical, Education

Combating Stigma:

Sex positive is: saying yes to the sex we want.

Harm Reducation:
Safe needle exchange program and safer inhalation program.
Place to talk