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1. Write-aloud—Teachers model the thinking process that happens during writing and verbalize that process while writing on a chart or overhead transparency. 2. Shared writing—The group or class writes together, working with the teacher.
3. Guided writing—Students write their own products as the teacher prompts and guides.

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1. Ideas—The idea or purpose of the message is clearly conveyed with necessary information.
2. Organization—The internal structure of the writing. 3. Voice—The personal tone and style of the writer.
4. Word choice—Words the author chooses in order to get the meaning across.
5. Sentence fluency—the flow of the language.
6. Conventions—Mechanical correctness.

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1. Prewriting and planning
2. Drafting
3. Revising
4. Editing
5. Publishing

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Writing workshop and the writing process

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Writing workshop and the writing process

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The components of writing workshop are mini-lessons, status-of-the-class reports, writing and conferring time, and group sharing

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3 Aspects found in effective writing instruction 

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3 Aspects found in effective writing instruction 

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1. Atttention to the social nature of language
2. recognition of the importance of a student-centered focus
3. Use of DAP

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Best practices for test preparation (goals)

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Best practices for test preparation (goals)

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- students write creatively and communicate clearly
- pass all necessary standardized tests in writing.

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Students who have effective writing instruction score better on state writing tests than their counterparts who receive specific instruction in the skills assessed on the test

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"Fletcher (2001) asserted that students can perform admirably on formalized writing tests with instruction based on best practices rather than explicit teaching to the test"
Best Practice:
- to write in a variety of genres
- provide time for writing and revising
- allow students to choose their topics
- Encourage creativity
- incorporate writing conventions
- include aspects of writing workshop and process