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On June 7, 1892, Homer Plessy was jailed for sitting in the "white car of the East Louisiana Railroad.

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Ratified on Jul8, 1868

One of the three reconstruction amendments

Granted citizenship to " all persons born or naturalized in the United States"

included former slaves recetly freed

Forbids states from denying any person "life, liberty, wthout due process of law" or to "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection

of the laws"

Expanded the protection of civil rights to all Americans and is cited in more litigation than any other amendment

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A law passed at the time of the civil rights movement.  It eliminated various devices, such as literacy tests, that had traditionally been used to restrict voting by black people. It authorized the enrollment of voters by federal registrars in states where fewer than fifty percent of the eligible voters were registered or voted. All such states were in the South.

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The Civil Rights Act of 1964, which ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin, is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement. First proposed by President John F. Kennedy, it survived strong opposition from southern members of Congress and was then signed into law by Kennedy’s successor, Lyndon B. Johnson. In subsequent years, Congress expanded the act and also passed additional legislation aimed at bringing equality to African Americans, such as the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

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·1963- march on Washington or The Great March on Washington as styled in a sound recording released after the event

·The march was organized by a group of civil
rights, labor, and religious organizations.

·The march is credited with healing to pass the
civil rights act and preceded the Selma Voting Rights movement which led to the
passage of the voting rights act.

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SIT INS, FREEDOMS RIDES, AND FREEDOM SUMMER

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SIT INS, FREEDOMS RIDES, AND FREEDOM SUMMER

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·1960

·Freedom riders were civil rights activities who
rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961.

·Then ruled that segregated public buses were
unconstitutional.

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a member of a militant political organization set up in the US in 1966 to fight for black rights.

impact:The Black Panther Party or BPP was a revolutionary black nationalist and socialist organization active in the United States from 1966 until 1982, with its only international chapter operating in Algeria from 1969 until 1972.

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s " Letter from Birmigham Jail": 

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s " Letter from Birmigham Jail": 

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Was written during his 8 day sentence in jail in 1963. He chose to travel & protest

in Birmigham due to the fact that it was widely known as one of the most segregated city

in the U.S Letter addresses the issues of unjustly being arrested for being an "extremist" of his

approach to the protest, adn of the incompetence of the church but  but its also an appeal for things to be seen from his point of view.

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The bus in which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating, took place from December 5, 1955 to December 20, 1956. It is regarder as the first large- scale demonstration against segregation in the U.S on DEcember 1, 1955. The boycott of public buses by blacks in Montgomery began on the day of Parks' court hearing & lasted 381 days.

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THis case is a consilidation of several different cases from Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia , and Delaware. Several black children (through their legal representatives) sought admision to public school that required or permitted segregation based on race. The plaintiffs alleged that segregation was unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Admendment. <br>

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African-American leader and prominent figure in the Nation of Islam, Malcolm X articulated concepts of race pride and black nationalism in the 1950s and '60s.

Impact: He used many convincing tactics and helped with civil rights

lived through (1925–1965)

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Who Killed Malcolm X Malcolm X Assassination Malcolm X with a Gun Malcolm X Quotes Malcolm X Pictures When Young Malcolm X Funeral Malcolm X Daughters Malcolm X Movie Martin Luther King Jr Qubilah Shabazz Jackie Robinson Denzel Washington John F.

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·1954-1957

·In 1954 The Unites States Supreme Court declared
public segregation unconstitutional. While some school districts began
developing strategies to resist public school desegregation, schools officially
at Little Rock, Arkansas stated that they would comply with the Supreme Court’s
ruling.

·School district officially created a system in
which black student s interested in attending white only schools were out
through a series of rigorous interviews to determine whether they were suited
for admission.