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1879 - First Psychology Laboratory Opens

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1879 - First Psychology Laboratory Opens

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Wilhelm Wundt opens the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig in Germany.

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The APA, or American Psychological Association, is founded by Stanly Hall. He becomes its first president.

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Lightner Witmer, former head of a lab at the University of Pennsylvania, opens the first psychology clinic to patients

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1900 - Sigmund Freud Introduces Psychoanalysis

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1900 - Sigmund Freud Introduces Psychoanalysis

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Sigmund Freud introduces the theory of Psychoanalysis when he publishes his first book "The Interpretation of Dreams."

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1901 - Edward Titchener introduces Structuralism 

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1901 - Edward Titchener introduces Structuralism 

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Edward Titchener's published "Manuel of Experimental Psychology" introduces the idea of Structuralism. Structuralism is an approach to Psychology that aims to identify the most basic elements of consciousness.

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1902 - Ivan Pavlov Discovers Conditioned Response

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1902 - Ivan Pavlov Discovers Conditioned Response

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Ivan Pavlov, a Russian psychologist, conducted an experiment with dogs involving their reactions to food. He discovered that dogs could be trained to salivate for food without there actually being food. If a specific event occurred when the dogs got their food, the dogs could be conditioned to salivate to that specific event, because they associate it with their food. This study was named "The Theory of Classical Conditioning."

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1905 - Binet And Simon develop Standardized Test Scale

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1905 - Binet And Simon develop Standardized Test Scale

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Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon develop a scale based on the results of standardized testing that defines general intelligence based on mental age. This would later be refined into the Intelligence Quotient, or IQ.

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1912 - School of Gestalt Psychology is formed

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1912 - School of Gestalt Psychology is formed

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The school of Gestalt began with the publication of "The Experimental Studies of The Perception of Movement" by Max Wertheimer. The three main proponents were Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler, and Kurt Koffka. Gestalt emphasizes that the whole is greater than the sum of it's parts.

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1913- John Watson Establishes Behaviorism

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1913- John Watson Establishes Behaviorism

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John B. Watson publishes "Psychology as Behavior" establishing Behaviorism. Behaviorism, in contrast to Psychoanalysis, focuses on behaviors that are observable.

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1919 - Jean Piaget begins developing the "The Stages of Cognitive Development" Theory 

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1919 - Jean Piaget begins developing the "The Stages of Cognitive Development" Theory 

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In 1919, Jean Piaget noticed that children of different ages were having trouble solving problems, but in different ways. This prompted him to consider the fact that children were not just small adults but were at different stages of mental development.

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1921 - Rorschach Personality Test Created 

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1921 - Rorschach Personality Test Created 

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Psychiatrist Hermann Rorschach develops a new personality test based on how a patient interprets an inkblot.

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1929 - Hans Berger invents the Electroencephalogram

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1929 - Hans Berger invents the Electroencephalogram

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Psychiatrist Hans Berger invents the Electroencephalogram, a machine that graphs the electrical activity of the brain via electrodes attached to the head of the patient.

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1936 - First Frontal Lobotomy Preformed in The U.S.

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1936 - First Frontal Lobotomy Preformed in The U.S.

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Walter Freeman preformed the first Frontal Lobotomy in the United States. This procedure severs the connection to the prefrontal cortex, which is the front section on the brain's frontal lobe. It was intended to help patients with severe  psychosis, but was very controversial.

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1938 - B.F. Skinner develops the ideas of conditioning

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1938 - B.F. Skinner develops the ideas of conditioning

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B.F. Skinner continues to expand on Pavlov's ideas and promote Behaviorism. He publishes "The Behavior of Organisms" and introduces the idea of operant conditioning, which uses positive and negative reinforcement to strengthen or weaken behavioral patterns.

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1938 - Electroconvulsive Therapy Introduced

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1938 - Electroconvulsive Therapy Introduced

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Ugo Cerletti, an Italian psychiatrist and neuropathologist, first put into practice a method of treatment that relied on administering electric shocks to patients to help treat disorders like psychosis and schizophrenia. Although controversial, it was proven to be effective in some cases.

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1942 - Carl Rogers establishes Client-Centered Therapy

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1942 - Carl Rogers establishes Client-Centered Therapy

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Carl Rogers published his book "Counseling and Psychotherapy," establishing the practice of Client-Centered therapy. Client-Centered Therapy is a method in which the Therapist acts as a partner to the patient and does not pass judgement on them and do not offer direct solutions, but rather help the individual develop those solutions.

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1943 - Abraham Maslow's "Hierarchy of Needs"

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1943 - Abraham Maslow's "Hierarchy of Needs"

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Abraham Maslow first introduced his concept of the "Hierarchy of Needs" in his 1943 paper, "A Theory of Human Motivation," suggesting that people fulfill their basic needs before moving onto higher ones.

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1954 - Maslow Introduces Humanistic Psychology

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1954 - Maslow Introduces Humanistic Psychology

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Maslow publishes "Motivation and Personality," which details his methods that center around the conscious mind, human dignity, and free will. This later becomes called Humanistic Psychology

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1976 - Richard Dawkins introduces Evolutionary Psychology

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1976 - Richard Dawkins introduces Evolutionary Psychology

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Richard Dawkins publishes his book "The Selfish Gene." This book promotes evolutionary psychology, a form of Psychology in which principles known about evolutionary biology and applies them to the human brain.

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1990 - Jerome Burner helps develop Cultural Psychology

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1990 - Jerome Burner helps develop Cultural Psychology

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In his book, "Acts of Meaning, Four Lectures on Mind and Culture," Burner formulates an approach to psychology that draws on philosophy and anthropology. This approach, called Cultural Psychology, focuses on influence from ones culture and community.