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Cyanosis refers to the blue or purple hue to the skin that may indicate decreased oxygen attached to blood cells in the body and maybe a problem with the lungs and heart. Symptoms are blue-tinge on lips, mouth, earlobes, and fingernails. Because of the absence of oxygen whether through blockage in airway or congenital heart abnormalities, this causes blood to turn blue. Treatment options may not be needed, but if the cyanosis is caused by an underlying condition, it must be treated.

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Jaundice is a condition that durns skin, whites of eyes, and mucous membranes yellow. While suffering from jaundice, you might experience fever, chills, abdominal pain, etc. It could be caused by viruses, alcohol, blockage of bile ducts from gallstones, medicines, etc. Jaundice usually doesn't require treatment from adults, but it a severe problem in infants. An infant affected by jaundice might receive cholestyramine.

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A rash is an area of skin that's irritated or swollen. If you're experiencing a rash, you might feel itchiness and pain and see blisters or patches of raw skin. There are many possible causes of rashes, such as allergic reactions, irritating substances, abrasive surfaces, etc. Most rashes may clear up by itself, but if needed, it could be treated through moisturizers, lotions, baths, cortisone creams, and antihistamines.

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This type of burn affects only the epidermis (most outer layer of the skin). You may experience redness and pain, but no blisters or edema. Basically, it could be a moderate sunburn, so the cause is often by being exposed to the sun over time, hot water, etc. To treat this burn, you can expose the burnt area under cool water, apply petroleum jelly, and protecting it with sterile bandages.

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A second degree burn includes the epidermis and part of the dermis in the skin. You may see redness and blistering and may feel swelling and pain. Blisters may increase in size during hours after the injury. Healing from a second degree burn by depend on how damaged the dermis is. To treat it, immerse it in cold water, cover with sterile gauze, and receive prescripted antibiotics for prevention against infections.

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This type of burn destroys the skin and the underlying tissue (both dermis and hypodermis) to the severity of needing skin grafts. A third degree burn area may look white, grey, black, charred, waxy, or leathery.  Typically, contact or exposure to fire flames, acids, electricity, scalding liquids, etc. can cause these types of burns. Treatment for third degree burns may require surgery to remove the burned tissue, a skin graft, intravenous fluids (to prevent abnormal blood pressure and shock), medication, and a tetanus shot.

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Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common form of skin cancer that could form on your sun-exposed skin (like your scalp), inside your mouth, bottoms of your feet, and genitals. How you can identify SCC is seeing if the skin has a scaly patch(es), open sores, age spots, wart-like growth, etc. It's slow-growing, so it's important to detect SCC early before it become harder to treat. SCC can be caused by exposure to UV rays. Other factors like old age, history of skin cancer, tanning, exposure to radiation, and others can contribute to the likelihood of developing SCC.

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Basal Cell Carcinoma is another form of skin cancer that begins with basal cells, type of cells that produces new skin cells. It appears in the form of a slightly transparent bumps but could take other forms like lesions. It often occurs from skin exposure to the sun because of UV rays and develops a mutation in its DNA. To treat Basal Cell Carcinoma, surgery could remove it, radiation therapy could kill it, topical creams or ointments can get rid of small ones, etc.

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Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer, developing in melanocytes. It can form in your eyes, and, rarely inside your body like your nose or throat. Melanoma can come from an existing mole changing in shape and color or a development of a new growth on the skin. There is no exact cause, but being exposed to UV radiation form sun or tanning beds increases your risk of developing it. You can treat melanoma through surgery, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

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Eczema is a condition in which parts of skin becomes itchy, cracked, and inflamed. This condition's symptoms can vary depending on the person's age and severity, but general symptoms include dry and scaly skin, flushed skin, itchiness, and open sores. Scratching and rubbing against skin affected by eczema could lead to skin infections. For people with darker pigmentation, eczema outbreaks may be harder to see. Eczema can be triggered by certain foods or environmental factors like smoke, pollen, etc. There is no cure for eczema, but taking baths, moisturizing, and medications can alleviate it.

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Shingles is an outbreak of rash or blisters on the skin that is caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Symptoms of shingles include possibly severe burning or tingling pain, numbness or itchiness, and fluid-filled blisters on one side of the body. Scientists believe that some virus particles from original exposure to the varicella-zoster virus creates skin blisters and moves into the nervous system. Treatment for shingles may include antiviral drugs, topical agents, steroids, and more.

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Vitiligo is a long-term skin condition where white patches develops on the skin due to lack of melanin or pigmentation. Vitiligo can be seen on areas such as the mouth and eyes, fingers and wrists, armpits, groin, genitals, and inside your mouth. The size of the patches may vary from person to person. What causes vitiligo is the small number of melanocytes to produce melanin. It's not clear as to why they disappear from affected areas of skin. If someone is not happy with their vitiligo or the condition is severe, they can use skin camouflage creams to cover it up or steroid creams to restore pigment. People with vitiligo may be at risk of sunburns due to lack of pigmentation.