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This article distinguishes the different types of motivation based on different goals/reasons that give rise to an action. It also suggests, according to SDT, key ideas to facilitate internalization through Relatedness, Competence and Autonomy.

Distinction between:
Intrinsic motivation vs Extrinsic motivation

Intrinsic motivation- doing something because it is inherently interesting/ enjoyable

Extrinsic motivation- doing something because it leads to a disassociated outcome

It is important to note that being amotivated, extrinsically motivated and intrinsically motivated is not black and white.
Human motivation has a trajectory/ taxonomy (specifically, extrinsic motivation) which can be subdivided into 4 stages before arriving at intrinsic motivation.

To facilitate internalization, 3 key ideas are proposed: Relatedness, Competence and Autonomy.

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Connect:
How are the ideas and information presented in the article connected to what you already know?

Extend:
How are Primary students similar or different from Secondary / Pre-U students in characteristics, needs and behaviours?

Challenge:
Now, what steps would you take in response to the ideas and information presented?

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1A) Stages of Brain Development and Associated Learning Opportunities (Different Developmental Stages)

1B) Maslow's Theory of Human Motivation
1B) The Self Determination Theory

1C) Overview of Social-Emotional Skills
1C) CCE Developmental Milestones

1D) The ECG Developmental Model

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1. Infancy

2. Early childhood

3. Middle to late childhood

4. Early to middle adolescence

5. Late adolescence to early adulthood

6. Middle later adulthood

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Connect:
How are the ideas and information presented in the article connected to what you already know?

To develop student's identity we need to develop their social and emotional competencies - clarify their interests and values, understanding their strengths, developing abilities.

Extend:
How are Primary students similar or different from Secondary / Pre-U students in characteristics, needs and behaviours?

Primary school emphasis on awareness
Secondary school emphasis on exploration

Donald Super (life span, life space theory)- Primary school children tend to make choices based on interest, but have not developed their ability to judge their capacities.

Linda Gottfredson (Theory of circumscription and compromise) - Orientation to gender roles and social values - start to designate some jobs as unacceptable based on gender role/social status

Challenge:
Now, what steps would you take in response to the ideas and information presented?

Piaget - Younger children can learn through imaginative play and use of drama.

RIASEC - Self-assessment tool on my skillsfuture

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1. Biological & Physiological needs
2. Safety needs
3. Love & belongingness needs
4. Esteem needs
5. Cognitive needs
6. Aesthetic needs
7. Self-Actualization needs
8, Transcendence needs

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Connect:
-Overview of SEL is similar to sec school.
- Pri sch focuses more on self-awareness & self-management.
-Greater emphasis is placed on responsible decision making for sec sch students

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- that students are motivated by extrinsically or intrinsically.
- supportive environment

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Supportive environment: Both primary and secondary school students feel safe to learn and speak out in the classroom.

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How are Primary students similar or different from Secondary / Pre-U students in characteristics, needs and behaviours?

In terms of need for motivation, all students from Primary to Pre-U will require it. While internal motivation is an ideal goal, we can support students to move from amotivation to being extrinsically motivated then intrisically motivated in phases, according to the trajectory in our Primary students.

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Now, what steps would you take in response to the ideas and information presented?

Create opportunities for students to be motivated intrinsically by creating the right environment.
Facilitate SDT through Relatedness, Competence and Autonomy

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- holistic approach involving physical, emotional, social, and intellectual qualities
- all these have impact on students' learning
- as such teaching and classroom management are very important
- whether a student is able to fulfill his/her learning needs will depend on whether the physical, emotional, social and intellectual needs are fulfilled

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Connect:
The different stages of brain development does affect the growing stages of the children which affect motor skills, mental, cognitive growth.

Extend:
Primary and secondary are similar in social and emotional awareness. However, in secondary, they are more mindful in social skills due to maturity and higher thinking order.

Challenge:
How to do create valuable lessons to suit different stage of brain development? What if there are students who develop faster or slower?

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There are three big ideas: Identity, Relationships and Choice.

Setting the foundation at Lower Pri to get students to know more about themselves (self-identity), exploration/discovery/ likes/dislikes etc.

Middle Pri: the importance placed on working with others.

Upper Pri and Lower Sec are similar: emphasis placed on getting students to be more self-aware of others, one’s identity and how they can play an essential role in the school, family and society.

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As a group, read the readings assigned and discuss the following questions (Connect-Extend-Challenge)
Please indicate your group number on your post.

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Discussion_Characteristics and Needs of Primary School Students